χαλκολίβανον is a rare word whose exact meaning remains uncertain—it appears nowhere in classical Greek and only twice in the New Testament, both in Revelation. It seems to denote some kind of refined, precious metal, possibly bronze or a bronze-like alloy, perhaps specifically associated with Lebanon (hence some translate 'bronze of Lebanon'). In Revelation 1:15, John describes the feet of the risen Christ 'like burnished bronze (χαλκολιβάνῳ), refined in a furnace'—emphasizing purity, strength, and radiant brilliance. The same description recurs in Revelation 2:18 in Christ's message to Thyatira.