Search / G5470
χάλκεος G5470
Adj-ANP  |  1× in 1 sense
bronze, brazen, made of bronze or copper
This adjective describes objects made of bronze or copper, metals widely used in the ancient world for tools, weapons, vessels, and idols. John uses it in Revelation when describing idols that people refused to stop worshiping even after the plagues: 'they did not repent... of their murders or their sorceries or their immorality or their thefts, nor did they cease worshiping demons and idols of gold and silver and bronze.' The inclusion of bronze idols alongside gold and silver reflects the full range of material idolatry, from expensive to common, all equally incapable of seeing, hearing, or walking.

Senses
1. sense 1 Made of bronze or copper, a metallic composition. In Revelation 9:20, John describes unrepentant idolaters who continue worshiping 'idols of gold and silver and bronze (chalka) and stone and wood, which can neither see nor hear nor walk.' The multilingual glosses—Spanish 'de bronce,' German 'ehern,' English 'bronze'—all identify the material. Bronze idols represented the middle tier of value between precious metals and common stone or wood, but all were equally powerless and false.
NATURAL_WORLD Natural Substances Bronze and Copper
AR["النُّحَاسِيَّةِ"]·ben["পিতলের,"]·DE["ehern"]·EN["bronze"]·FR["ehern"]·heb["נְחֹשֶׁת"]·HI["पीतल-की"]·ID["tembaga,"]·IT["chalka"]·jav["kuningan"]·KO["놋-의"]·PT["de-bronze"]·RU["медным,"]·ES["de-bronce"]·SW["za-shaba,"]·TR["tunca"]·urd["پیتل-کے"]

Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)H2822 1. darkness, absence of light (80×)G5457 1. light (illumination) (71×)G0450 1. rise, stand up (physical) (69×)H6965b 2. Qal: to stand firm, endure, be valid (50×)H6999a 2. burn sacrifice on altar (Hifil) (45×)H5553 1. rock, cliff (physical feature) (43×)H6965b 4. Hifil: to establish, confirm (covenant/kingdom/word) (40×)H1197a 1. burn, be on fire (39×)H4306 1. rain, showers (38×)H1653 1. rain, precipitation (34×)G4655 1. darkness (30×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
χάλκεος, έα, Ionic dialect -έη Refs 8th c.BC+, εον (also εος, εον Refs 8th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect, Doric dialect χάλκιος Refs 7th c.BC+, also Boeotian dialect, compare χαλκοῦ; Attic dialect χαλκοῦς, , οῦν Refs, but χαλκέων δέλτων Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect also χάλκειος, see at {χάλκειος}: (χαλκός):—of copper or bronze, brazen, οὐδός, δόμος, τεῖχος, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄξων, κύκλα, Refs 8th c.BC+;