In classical Greek, phaulos could mean 'cheap, trivial, easy' -- a merely quantitative judgment of slightness. By the Koine period and especially in the New Testament, however, the word has shifted decisively toward moral evaluation: 'evil, bad, worthless.' Jesus contrasts those who have done good (ta agatha) with those who have practiced evil (ta phaula) in the resurrection judgment (John 5:29). John 3:20 warns that 'everyone who does evil (phaula) hates the light.' Paul invokes the same moral polarity in Romans 9:11 and 2 Corinthians 5:10, and Titus 2:8 calls for conduct that leaves opponents with 'nothing bad (phaulon) to say.' Spanish malo, French mauvais, and German schlecht all converge on the moral-badness sense without residual ambiguity.