ὑπομένω G5278
To remain behind or stay; more often, to endure patiently, persevere under hardship without yielding.
Built from hypo ('under') and meno ('remain'), this verb pictures someone who stands firm under a heavy load rather than fleeing. Its dominant NT sense is steadfast endurance — bearing up under persecution, suffering, or trial without collapse (Matt 10:22; Heb 12:2-3; Jas 5:11). German ausharren ('to hold out, persist') and Spanish perseverar capture the gritty resilience involved. Yet the compound's older spatial meaning — 'to stay behind after others have left' — surfaces twice: the boy Jesus remaining behind in Jerusalem (Luke 2:43) and Silas staying in Berea when Paul departs (Acts 17:14). Spanish permanecer in these cases signals the purely locative sense, distinct from the moral fortitude implied elsewhere.
Senses
1. endure, persevere under hardship — To endure, bear up patiently, or persevere under hardship, trial, or opposition without giving way (15 occurrences). This is the theologically weighty sense: 'the one who endures to the end will be saved' (Matt 10:22; 24:13; Mark 13:13). Hebrews holds up Jesus as the supreme example, who 'endured the cross' (12:2). James points to Job's steadfastness (5:11). German ausharren and Spanish perseverar both convey the active, muscular quality of this endurance — not passive resignation but resolute standing firm under pressure. 15×
AR["أَحْتَمِلُ", "الصَّابِرُ", "الصّابِرينَ", "تَصبِرونَ", "تَصبِرُ", "تَصْبِرُونَ", "صابِرُ", "صَابِرٌ", "صَابِرِينَ", "صَبَرَ", "صَبَرْتُمْ", "نَصْبِرُ", "يَحتَمِلُ"]·ben["তিনি-সহ্য-করলেন", "তোমরা-সহ্য-কর", "তোমরা-সহ্য-করেছ", "ধৈর্য-ধরা", "ধৈর্য-ধরে", "ধৈর্য-ধরে-যে", "ধৈর্যশীল;", "সহন-করে।", "সহ্য-করি", "সহ্য-করি,", "সহ্য-করে", "সহ্য-করেছিলেন", "সহ্যকারীদের"]·DE["ausharren", "harrt-aus"]·EN["I-endure", "endure", "endured", "endures", "enduring", "having-endured", "we-endure", "you-endure", "you-endured"]·FR["ausharren", "endurer"]·heb["מְחַכֶּה", "נְסַבֵּל", "סְבַלְתֶּם", "סִבְלוּ", "סָבַל", "סוֹבְלִים", "סוֹבֵל", "סוֹבֶלֶת", "שֶׁסָבַל", "תִּסְבְּלוּ"]·HI["धीरज-धरो", "धीरज-रखने-वाला", "धैर्य-रखते-हुए", "धैर्य-रखनेवाला", "सहत-होओन", "सहता-है", "सहते-हैन,", "सहन-करता-है", "सहनेवाला", "सहनेवाले-पर", "सहनेवालों-को", "सहा", "सहो"]·ID["Ia-menanggung", "aku-bertahan", "bertahan", "bertahan-dalam", "bertekun", "bertekun,", "itu-menanggung", "kamu-bertahan", "kita-bertahan", "menanggung", "yang-bertahan", "yang-bertahan."]·IT["perseverare", "sopportare", "upomeinas"]·jav["ingkang-mantep", "ingkang-tahan", "kang-nyabar.", "kita-sabar,", "kula-sabar", "nandhang", "nyabar", "nyabar,", "nyabar?", "nyabaraken", "panjenengan-sabar", "panjenengan-sampun-nahan", "sabar-tumeka", "sabar;", "sampun-nandhang"]·KO["견디느니라", "견디는", "견디라", "견디셨다", "견디신", "견딤으니", "인내하겠느냐", "인내하는", "인내하면", "인내하면,", "인내한", "인내한-자는", "인내한-자들을.", "참는다"]·PT["persevera.", "perseverai", "perseveramos", "perseverantes;", "que-perseverar", "suporta", "suportais,", "suportais?", "suportastes", "suporto", "suportou"]·RU["вытерпели", "переносит", "переносите,", "переносите?", "переношу", "пребывающие", "претерпевшем", "претерпевший", "претерпевших.", "претерпел", "терпим", "терпите"]·ES["el-que-perseverare", "habiendo-perseverado", "lo-soportáis", "persevera", "perseverando", "que-ha-soportado", "que-perseveraron", "que-persevere", "soportad", "soportamos", "soportasteis", "soporto", "soportó"]·SW["alistahimili", "aliyestahimili", "anavumilia", "avumiliaye", "hadi", "mkivumilia;", "mlistahimili", "mnavumilia", "ninavumilia", "tunavumilia", "unavumilia", "vumilia", "vumilieni", "waliovumilia"]·TR["dayanan", "dayanmış-olanları", "dayanır", "dayanırsak", "dayanırsanız", "dayanıyorum", "katlananız", "katlandı", "katlandınız", "katlanmış-olanı"]·urd["برداشت-کرتا-ہے", "برداشت-کرنے-والا", "تم-برداشت-کروگے?", "تم-برداشت-کروگے،", "تم-نے-برداشت-کی", "سہتی-ہے", "صبر-کرتے-ہوئے", "صبر-کرنے-والا", "صبر-کرنے-والوں۔", "صبر-کرنے-والے", "صبر-کرو", "صبر-کیا", "میں-برداشت-کرتا-ہوں", "ہم-صبر-کریں"]
Matt 10:22, Matt 24:13, Mark 13:13, Rom 12:12, 1 Cor 13:7, 2 Tim 2:10, 2 Tim 2:12, Heb 10:32, Heb 12:2, Heb 12:3, Heb 12:7, Jas 1:12 (+3 more)
2. remain behind, stay — To remain behind in a place after others have departed — the literal spatial sense of the compound (2 occurrences). In Luke 2:43 the twelve-year-old Jesus 'remained behind' in Jerusalem when his parents left, and in Acts 17:14 Silas and Timothy 'stayed behind' in Berea. Spanish permanecer and permanecieron ('they remained') mark the purely locative meaning, while French and German do not differentiate, using the same endurer and ausharren for both senses — a gap in those languages that the multilingual evidence helpfully exposes. 2×
AR["بَقِيا", "بَقِيَ"]·ben["থাকলেন"]·DE["harrt-aus"]·EN["remained", "remained-behind"]·FR["endurer"]·heb["נִשְׁאֲרוּ", "נִשְׁאַר"]·HI["रह-गया", "रहे"]·ID["tetap-tinggal", "tinggallah"]·IT["sopportare", "upemeinen"]·jav["tetep"]·KO["남았다", "머물렀다"]·PT["ficou"]·RU["Остались", "остался"]·ES["permanecieron", "permaneció"]·SW["alibaki", "walibaki"]·TR["kaldı", "kaldılar"]·urd["رہ-گیا", "رہے"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὑπομένω, future -μενῶ conjecture in Refs 4th c.BC+:— stay behind, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπομεινον ἕως ἂν παραγένηται Refs 3rd c.BC+: also, remain alive, Refs 5th c.BC+: of things, to be left behind, remain, ὑπέμεινε τὸ παχύτερον Refs 2nd c.AD+: generally, to be permanent, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II transitive, __II.1 with accusative person, abide or await another, διὰ τοῦτό σε οὐχ ὑπέμενον Refs 5th c.BC+;…