ὑπό-κρῐσις G5272
hypokrisis -- hypocrisy, pretense, dissimulation; playing a part one does not genuinely inhabit
Rooted in the theatrical world -- hypokrisis originally meant 'playing a part on stage' (from hypokrinomai, 'to answer, to play a role') -- this noun came to denote the moral vice of pretending to be what one is not. Jesus deploys it as a devastating critique of religious leaders who perform piety without inner transformation: 'You also outwardly appear righteous, but within you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness' (Matt 23:28). Luke 12:1 warns against 'the leaven of the Pharisees, which is hypocrisy.' Paul confronts Peter's hypocrisy at Antioch (Gal 2:13), and 1 Timothy 4:2 warns of deceivers speaking 'in hypocrisy.' Spanish hipocresia, French hypocrisie, and German Heuchelei all preserve the stage-acting metaphor at their etymological root.
Senses
1. hypocrisy, pretense — The act or quality of pretending to hold beliefs, virtues, or feelings that one does not actually possess -- a moral vice rooted in theatrical metaphor (playing a part on stage). Jesus uses it to indict religious pretense in Matt 23:28 and Mark 12:15; Luke 12:1 calls it the 'leaven of the Pharisees'; Paul confronts corporate hypocrisy at Antioch (Gal 2:13); and 1 Tim 4:2 warns of demonic teaching delivered 'in hypocrisy.' Spanish hipocresia and French hypocrisie both trace back to the same Greek theatrical origin, confirming a single unified sense of moral dissimulation across all six New Testament occurrences. 6×
AR["بِالرِّياءِ", "رياءٍ", "ريائِهِم", "رِياءَ", "رِياءِ", "رِيَاءٌ"]·ben["কপটতায়", "ভণ্ডামি", "ভণ্ডামিগুলি", "ভণ্ডামিতে।", "ভণ্ডামির", "ভন্ডামি"]·DE["ὑποκρίσει", "ὑποκρίσεις", "ὑποκρίσεως", "ὑπόκρισιν", "ὑπόκρισις"]·EN["hypocrisies", "hypocrisy", "of-hypocrisy"]·FR["hypocrisie", "ὑποκρίσει", "ὑποκρίσεις"]·heb["צְבִיעוּיוֹת", "צְבִיעוּת"]·HI["कपट", "कपट-की", "कपट-को", "पअखन्द.", "पखन्द", "पाखण्ड"]·ID["kemunafikan", "kepura-puraan"]·IT["upokrisei", "upokriseis", "upokriseos", "upokrisin", "upokrisis"]·jav["lamis", "lamis,", "lamis."]·KO["외식과", "외식이니라", "위선", "위선들을", "위선에.", "위선을"]·PT["hipocrisia", "hipocrisias,"]·RU["лицемерие", "лицемерием", "лицемерии", "лицемерия", "лицемерия,"]·ES["de-hipocresía", "hipocresía", "hipocresías"]·SW["uasi", "unafiki"]·TR["ikiyüzlülük", "ikiyüzlülükleri", "ikiyüzlülükünü", "ikiyüzlülüğünde", "ikiyüzlülüğüne"]·urd["ریاکاری", "ریاکاریاں،", "منافقت", "منافقت-سے"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὑπό-κρῐσις, εως, ἡ, __I Ionic dialect (and perhaps in Refs 3rd c.AD+, reply, answer Refs 5th c.BC+ __II Attic dialect, playing a part on the stage, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 an orator's delivery, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ κατὰ τὴν ὑ. ῥήτορες orators who depend on their delivery, opposed to to the authors of written speeches, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2.b tone or manner of an animal's cry, ὁ κυνηγέτης ἀπὸ τῆς ὑ.…