ὑπερήφᾰν-ος G5244
hyperephanos -- arrogant, proud, haughty; one who exalts self above others in contemptuous disdain
The adjective hyperephanos (literally 'one who shows himself above') describes a person puffed up with overweening pride who looks down on others with contempt. It goes beyond simple self-confidence into the territory of insolent disdain -- a pride that sets itself against both neighbor and God. Mary's Magnificat announces that God 'has scattered the proud (hyperephanous) in the thoughts of their hearts' (Luke 1:51), and both James and Peter quote Proverbs 3:34: 'God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble' (Jas 4:6; 1 Pet 5:5). Spanish soberbios, French orgueilleux, and German hochmuetig all carry the negative moral coloring of sinful haughtiness.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Arrogant and haughty, describing a person who exalts himself above others in contemptuous self-regard that provokes divine opposition. In Luke 1:51 Mary proclaims that God scatters the proud (hyperephanous) in the imagination of their hearts; in Rom 1:30 and 2 Tim 3:2 it appears in vice catalogs alongside blasphemers and boasters. The double quotation of Prov 3:34 in Jas 4:6 and 1 Pet 5:5 -- 'God opposes the proud' -- shows that this pride is uniquely odious to God. Spanish soberbios, French orgueilleux, and German hochmuetig all converge on the same negative moral valence across all five occurrences. 5×
AR["الْمُتَكَبِّرِينَ", "لِلمُتَكَبِّرينَ", "مُتَكَبِّرينَ"]·ben["অহংকারী,", "অহংকারীদের", "দাম্ভিক,"]·DE["hochmuetig", "ὑπερηφάνους"]·EN["arrogant", "proud", "to-proud"]·FR["orgueilleux"]·heb["בְּגֵאִים", "גֵּאִים", "לַגֵּאִים"]·HI["अहनकअरि,", "घमंडियों-को", "घमण्डियों-का", "घमण्डी"]·ID["angkuh", "kepada-orang-sombong", "orang-orang-sombong", "sombong,"]·IT["superbo", "uperephanous", "uperēphanoi", "uperēphanois"]·jav["gumunggung,", "kang-gumedé", "kumalungkung,", "tiyang-gumunggung"]·KO["교만한-자들", "교만한-자들-을", "교만한-자들에게", "교만한-자들을"]·PT["aos-soberbos", "soberbos"]·RU["гордым", "гордых", "надменны", "надменных"]·ES["a-soberbios", "soberbios"]·SW["wenye-kiburi", "wenye-kiburi,"]·TR["gururluları", "kibirli", "kibirliler", "kibirlilere"]·urd["مغرور", "مغروروں", "مغروروں-کو"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὑπερήφᾰν-ος, ον, Doric dialect ὑπερά- Refs 5th c.BC+:—mostly in bad sense, overweening, arrogant, LXX+8th c.BC+; -ώτεροι.. καὶ ἀλογιστότεροιRefs 4th c.BC+ adverb, -νως ἔχειν bear oneself proudly, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. ζῶντες living sumptuously, prodigally, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a dish, ὑ. ὄζειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ (but also, insolently, brutally, μαστιγοῦν τινα probably in Refs 3rd c.BC+—This sense appears…