σαλ-εύω G4531
To shake, agitate, or cause to totter; used of earthquakes, cosmic upheaval, stirring up crowds, and inner disturbance of mind.
This verb covers the full spectrum of shaking—from the literal trembling of heaven and earth to the figurative unsettling of a person's composure. Jesus asks the crowds what they went out to see: 'A reed shaken by the wind?' (Matt 11:7; Luke 7:24), and the apocalyptic discourses warn that 'the powers of the heavens will be shaken' (Matt 24:29; Mark 13:25). Paul uses it of inner stability when he urges the Thessalonians not to be 'shaken in mind' (2 Thess 2:2). One delightful concrete use describes grain being 'shaken together' to settle a generous measure (Luke 6:38). Spanish distinguishes sacudir (physical shaking) from ser movido (being mentally moved), mirroring the Greek semantic range precisely.
3. be inwardly disturbed — Metaphorical inner disturbance—being shaken in one's composure or convictions. David declares 'I shall not be shaken' (Acts 2:25, quoting Ps 16:8), and Paul warns the Thessalonians not to be 'shaken in mind' by false reports of the Lord's return (2 Thess 2:2). Spanish ser movido ('to be moved') and the shift from physical to psychological register show how Greek naturally extends seismic language to the soul. 2×
AR["أَتَزَعْزَعَ","تَتَزَعْزَعوا"]·ben["বিচলিত-হই","বিচলিত-হওয়া"]·DE["erschuettern","erschüttert"]·EN["I-be-shaken","to-be-shaken"]·FR["ébranler"]·heb["אֶמּוֹט","לְהִזָּעֵזַע"]·HI["दगमगअन"]·ID["aku-digoyahkan.","digoncangkan"]·IT["saleuthēnai","scuotere"]·jav["kagoyahaken","kawula-goncang."]·KO["흔들리지-않도록"]·PT["eu-seja-abalado","serdes-abalados"]·RU["быть-поколебленными","я-поколебался."]·ES["sea-movido","ser-sacudidos"]·SW["kutikiswa","nisitikisike"]·TR["sarsılmayın"]·urd["جنبش-میں-آنا","ڈگمگاؤں"]
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
1. be physically shaken — Physical shaking of objects, structures, or cosmic bodies. This dominant sense (9 occurrences) includes the eschatological shaking of heavenly powers (Matt 24:29; Mark 13:25; Luke 21:26) and the image of a reed swaying in the wind (Matt 11:7; Luke 7:24). German erschüttert and Spanish sacudido both convey violent, involuntary trembling caused by an external force. 9×
AR["تَتَزَلزَلُ","تَزَعْزَعَ","تَزَلزَلَت","تَهتَزُّ","سَتَتَزَعزَعُ","سَتَتَزَعْزَعُ","مُتَزَلْزِل","مُتَزَلْزِلَات"]·ben["কাঁপছে-না-যা","কাঁপছে-যা","কাঁপল","কাঁপিয়ে-যাবে","কেঁপে-উঠবে","দোলা","নড়ছে","নড়বড়ে-উঠবে"]·DE["erschuettern","erschüttert"]·EN["being-shaken","to-be-shaken","was-shaken","will-be-shaken"]·FR["ébranler"]·heb["הִתְרוֹעֲעוּ","יִזְדַּעְזְעוּ","יִתְנַעְנְעוּ","מִתְנַדְנֵד","מִתְנוֹעֵעַ","נִרְעַשׁ","נִרְעָשִׁים"]·HI["हिल-गई","हिलते-हुए","हिलाई-जाएंगी","हिलाई-जानेवाली","हिलाई-जानेवाली-वस्तुओं-के","हिलाता-हुआ"]·ID["akan-digoncangkan","akan-tergoncang","dapat-digoncangkan.","digoyang","tergoncang","yang-dapat-digoncangkan"]·IT["saleuomena","saleuomenōn","scuotere"]·jav["badhe-dipun-guncangaken","badhé-kagoyèng","badhé-kegoyangaken.","dipungoncangaken","gonjing","goyah","ingkang-obah?","obah"]·KO["흔들렸다","흔들리는","흔들리는-것들-의","흔들리리라","흔들리지","흔들릴-것이다"]·PT["abaladas","abalarem-se","agitada","agitado","coisas-abaladas","foi-abalado","serão-abaladas","serão-abalados"]·RU["колеблемого","колеблемое","колеблемую","колеблемый","поколебались","поколебалось","поколеблются"]·ES["fue-sacudido","sacudida","sacudidas","sacudirse","serán-sacudidas"]·SW["kutikiswa","palitikisika","ukitikiswa?","unaotikiswa","yanayotikisika","yasiyotikisika","zitatikiswa"]·TR["sallanan","sallanan?","sarsılacak","sarsılacaklar","sarsılanlar","sarsılanların","sarsıldı","sarsılmak"]·urd["ہلا","ہلائی-جائیں-گی","ہلائی-جانے-والی","ہلتا-ہوا","ہلنا"]
2. shake or agitate actively — Active shaking or agitation—someone or something as the agent. A flood shakes a house but cannot topple it (Luke 6:48); troublemakers 'stir up' crowds in Thessalonica (Acts 17:13); God's voice will 'shake not only earth but also heaven' (Heb 12:26). Spanish agitando for the crowd-stirring nicely captures the social dimension alongside the physical. 3×
AR["أَن-يُزَعزِعَهُ","زَلْزَلَ","يُزعِزِعونَ"]·ben["কাঁপিয়েছিল","নাড়াতে","নাড়ানো-করে"]·DE["erschuettern","erschüttert"]·EN["shook","stirring-up","to-shake"]·FR["ébranler"]·heb["הִרְעִישׁ","לְהָנִיעַ","מְעוֹרְרִים"]·HI["हिलाते-हुए","हिलाने-को","हिलाया"]·ID["menggoncangkan","menggoyahkan"]·IT["esaleusen","scuotere"]·jav["goyah","goyahaken","nggoncangaken"]·KO["흔들기를","흔들며","흔들었다"]·PT["abalou"]·RU["колебля","поколебать","потряс"]·ES["agitando","sacudir","sacudió"]·SW["ilitikisa","kuitikisa","wakitikisa"]·TR["kışkırtarak","sallamak","sarsmıştı"]·urd["اچھی-طرح","ہلاتے-ہوئے","ہلایا"]
4. shake together to compact — Shaking a container so its contents compress and settle—a single vivid occurrence in Luke 6:38 where a 'good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over' describes God's generosity. Spanish sacudida and German erschüttert apply the same physical verb, but the context transforms it into a homely image of grain compacting in a measuring vessel. 1×
AR["مَهزوزٌ"]·ben["ঝাঁকানো"]·DE["erschüttert"]·EN["shaken-together"]·FR["ébranler"]·heb["מְנֻעְנֶעֶת"]·HI["हिला-हुआ"]·ID["diguncang"]·IT["scuotere"]·jav["dipun-goyangaken"]·KO["흔들어"]·RU["утрамбованной"]·ES["sacudida"]·SW["kilichotikiswa"]·TR["sarsılmış,"]·urd["ہلایا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
σαλ-εύω, future σαλεύσω LXX: aorist ἐσάλευσα Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, future σαλευθήσομαι LXX+NT: aorist ἐσαλεύθην LXX+NT+5th c.BC+perfect σεσάλευμαι (see. below): (σάλος):—cause to rock, make to vibrate or oscillate, with accusative, [τὰς ἀγκύρας] οὐδεὶς χειμὼν σαλεύει Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. τρικυμίᾳ πέδον, of the sea, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of an earthquake, LXX+1st c.AD+heartrending, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ.…