πολύς G4183
Muchos, mucho, gran; de número, cantidad, magnitud o grado; también comparativo 'mucho más' y frecuentativo 'muchas veces'
Πολύς es el adjetivo griego por excelencia para expresar cantidad abundante, y su uso neotestamentario abarca casi toda clase de abundancia: muchas personas, mucho sufrimiento, grandes multitudes e intensa emoción. Con 361 apariciones, se cuenta entre los adjetivos más frecuentes del Nuevo Testamento. Su flexibilidad se manifiesta en cómo transita entre sustantivos contables ('muchos discípulos', Mt 8:11) y sustantivos incontables o abstractos ('mucho fruto', Jn 12:24; 'mucha confianza', Flm 1:8). Las formas comparativas generan un patrón retórico distintivo en las cartas paulinas: '¡cuánto más...!' (Ro 5:9, 10, 15, 17), construyendo argumentos de menor a mayor.
Sentidos
1. muchos, numerosos — Muchos, numerosos — referido a un número grande de personas o cosas contables. El sentido dominante con 202 apariciones: 'vendrán muchos del oriente y del occidente' (Mt 8:11), 'muchos profetas y justos' (Mt 13:17), 'muchas señales' (Jn 20:30). Sustantivado, οἱ πολλοί significa 'los muchos' o 'muchos' (Mt 20:28; Ro 5:15). 202×
AR["عَصافيرَ", "كَثيرونَ", "كَثيرينَ", "كَثيرَةً", "كَثيرَةٍ", "كَثِيرَةً", "كَثِيرَةٌ", "كَثِيرُونَ", "كَثِيرِينَ-مِنَ"]·ben["অনেক", "অনেকে", "অনেকের"]·DE["viel"]·EN["great", "many", "than-many"]·FR["beaucoup"]·heb["מִ-צִפֳרִים-רַבִּים", "רַבִּים", "רַבּוֹת"]·HI["बड़ी", "बहुत", "बहुतों-को", "बहुतोन"]·ID["Banyak-orang", "banyak", "banyak-orang", "besar", "yang-banyak"]·IT["molto"]·jav["kathah", "kathah,", "kathéh"]·KO["많다", "많은", "많은-사람들", "많은-이들을", "많은-자들이"]·PT["de-muitos", "grandes,", "muitas", "muitas.", "muitos", "muitos."]·RU["большое", "многие", "многие,", "многие.", "многих", "многих."]·ES["a-muchos", "de-muchos", "muchas", "muchos"]·SW["-", "kwa-maana", "kwa-sababu-ya", "mengi", "mengi,", "mingi", "nyingi", "shomoro-wengi", "wengi", "wengi,"]·TR["büyük", "çok", "çokları", "çokları-için", "çoktur"]·urd["بہت", "بہت-سی", "بہت-سے", "بہتوں", "بہتوں-کو", "زیادہ"]
Matt 3:7, Matt 7:13, Matt 7:22, Matt 7:22, Matt 8:11, Matt 8:16, Matt 8:30, Matt 9:10, Matt 10:31, Matt 12:15, Matt 13:2, Matt 13:17 (+38 más)
2. mucho, abundante — Mucho, abundante — una gran cantidad o grado de algo, típicamente con sustantivos incontables o abstractos. Noventa y siete apariciones incluyen 'mucho llanto' (Mt 2:18), 'mucho sufrimiento' (Mt 16:21), 'mucho fruto' (Jn 12:24; 15:5) y usos adverbiales como 'orar mucho'. El español distingue perfectamente 'mucho' (singular incontable) de 'muchos' (plural contable). 97×
AR["<كَثيرًا>", "الْكَثِيرِ", "كَثيرًا", "كَثِيرًا", "كَثِيرٌ", "كَثِيرٍ", "كَثِيرَةٌ", "مُتَأَخِّرَةٌ"]·ben["অনেক", "অনেক-কিছু", "অনেকের", "বহু,", "বেশি"]·DE["viel", "viele"]·EN["many-things", "much", "of-many-things"]·FR["beaucoup"]·heb["הַרְבֵּה", "מְאֻחֶרֶת", "רַב", "רַבּוֹת"]·HI["चिन्तित-होकर", "बहुत", "बहुत-कुछ"]·ID["banyak", "banyak,", "banyak-hal", "keras"]·IT["molto"]·jav["ageng,", "akèh", "dangu", "kathah", "kathah,", "kathah."]·KO["<많이>", "많은", "많은-것-에", "많은-것-을", "많은-것들-을", "많은-것을", "많이", "많이.", "오랜"]·PT["de-muito", "muita", "muitas-coisas", "muito"]·RU["во-многом", "долгого", "многим", "много", "многое", "многому", "позднему", "сильно"]·ES["de-mucho", "mucha", "muchas-cosas", "mucho"]·SW["mengi", "muda-mrefu", "mwingi", "nyingi", "sana", "vingi", "‹mara-nyingi›,"]·TR["uzun", "çok", "çok-şey"]·urd["بہت", "بہت-کچھ", "بہت-کے", "بہُت", "زیادہ"]
Matt 2:18, Matt 9:14, Matt 13:3, Matt 13:5, Matt 16:21, Matt 25:19, Matt 25:21, Matt 25:23, Matt 27:19, Mark 1:45, Mark 3:12, Mark 5:26 (+38 más)
3. grande, considerable — Grande, considerable — enfatiza magnitud, importancia o intensidad más que mera cantidad. Treinta y seis apariciones donde πολύς funciona casi como sinónimo de μέγας ('grande'): 'grande es vuestra recompensa' (Mt 5:12), 'una gran multitud' (Mt 14:14; 20:29), 'gran poder y gloria' (Mt 24:30). El énfasis recae en lo impresionante o la escala. 36×
AR["عَظيمٌ", "كَثيرًا", "كَثيرٌ", "كَثيرُ", "كَثِيرًا", "كَثِيرٌ", "كَثِيرٍ"]·ben["অনেক", "বড়", "বহু", "বহু,", "বিরাট"]·DE["viel", "viele"]·EN["a-great", "great", "large"]·FR["beaucoup"]·heb["הָמוֹן", "רַב"]·HI["पास-से", "बड़ा", "बड़ी", "बदि", "बहुत", "बहुत,", "भीड़"]·ID["banyak", "besar", "besar,", "yang-besar"]·IT["molto"]·jav["ageng,", "akèh", "akèh,", "kathah"]·KO["많은", "많은,", "큰"]·PT["grande", "grande,", "grande."]·RU["большая", "большое", "большой", "большую", "велика", "многая", "многая.", "многой", "многочисленный"]·ES["grande", "mucha"]·SW["kubwa", "mkubwa", "mkubwa,", "na"]·TR["büyük", "çok", "çok,", "çok.", "çoktur"]·urd["آسمان", "بڑا", "بڑی", "بڑے", "بہت", "بیٹے", "شاگردوں", "محصول-لینے-والوں"]
Matt 5:12, Matt 14:14, Matt 20:29, Matt 24:30, Matt 26:47, Mark 3:7, Mark 3:8, Mark 5:21, Mark 5:24, Mark 6:34, Mark 8:1, Mark 9:14 (+24 más)
4. mucho más (comparativo) — Mucho más, con mucho — construcciones comparativas que expresan un grado considerablemente mayor, a menudo marcadas por el dativo πολλῷ. Veinticinco apariciones se concentran en Marcos 5 ('le rogaba mucho/con insistencia') y en los argumentos a fortiori de Pablo (Ro 5:9-10, 15, 17: 'con mucha más razón seremos salvos'). El español emplea 'mucho más' o 'cuánto más'. 25×
AR["أَكثَرَ", "الكَثيرَ", "بِأَكثَرَ", "بِالأَولى", "بِكَثيرٍ", "بِكَثِيرٍ", "كَثيرًا", "كَثِيرًا"]·ben["অত্যন্ত", "অনেক", "অনেক,", "অনেক-বেশি", "অনেকেতে", "কড়াভাবে"]·DE["viel", "viele"]·EN["by-much", "much"]·FR["beaucoup"]·heb["הַרְבֵּה", "הַרְבֵּה-יוֹתֵר", "כַּמָּה", "רַבִּים יוֹתֵר"]·HI["अधिक", "उससे", "कड़ी-से", "बहुत", "बहुत-अधिक"]·ID["banyak", "banyak,", "dengan-sangat", "dengan-tegas", "jauh", "keras", "lebih", "sangat"]·IT["molto"]·jav["[kathah]", "akèh", "akèh,", "akèh.", "kathah", "kathàh", "langkung", "langkung-keras", "langkung-langkung", "sanget"]·KO["더욱", "많이", "많이,", "많이.", "훨씬", "훨씬-더", "훨쥌-더"]·PT["muito", "muito,", "muito."]·RU["-дара", "в-", "весьма", "гораздо", "много", "намного", "намного-ли", "строго", "тем-более", "усердно"]·ES["[mucho]", "mucho"]·SW["bora-sana", "mengi,", "sana", "sana,", "sana.", "wengi-zaidi", "zaidi", "zaidi-sana"]·TR["Akila", "ama-", "cok-daha", "daha çok", "değil", "ne kadar daha", "çok", "çok,", "çok-daha", "çok.", "çokça"]·urd["بہت", "بہت-زیادہ", "زیادہ", "کتنا"]
Matt 6:30, Mark 5:10, Mark 5:23, Mark 5:38, Mark 5:43, Mark 6:23, Mark 10:48, Mark 12:27, Luke 18:39, John 4:41, Rom 5:9, Rom 5:10 (+13 más)
5. muchas veces (frecuentativo) — Muchas veces, a menudo — el sentido frecuentativo, con una aparición clara en Romanos 15:22: 'me he visto impedido muchas veces de ir a vosotros'. El español 'muchas veces' y el alemán 'vielmals' emplean expresiones de frecuencia temporal en lugar de simples palabras de cantidad. Aunque raro en este corpus, el uso adverbial frecuentativo de πολύς está bien atestiguado en el griego koiné más amplio. 1×
AR["-كَثِيرًا"]·ben["অনেকবার"]·DE["viele"]·EN["many-times"]·FR["beaucoup"]·heb["רַבּוֹת"]·HI["बहुत-बार"]·ID["berkali-kali"]·IT["molto"]·jav["kathah"]·KO["여러-번"]·PT["muitas-vezes"]·RU["-прийти"]·ES["muchas-veces"]·SW["mara-nyingi"]·TR["çok-kez"]·urd["بہت-بار"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
πολύς, Attic dialect πολλή, πολ; genitive πολλοῦ, ῆς, ou=; dative πολλῷ, ῇ, ; accusative πολύν, πολλήν, πολύ:—Ionic dialect πολλός Refs 6th c.BC+, πολλή, πολλόν Refs 6th c.BC+; also in Trag., Refs 5th c.BC+; accusative πολλόν, πολλήν, πολλόν: Refs 5th c.BC+ uses the Ionic dialect forms, but codices have πολύν Refs 1st c.AD+:—both sets of forms are found in Epic dialect, also genitive singular…