A simple time marker meaning 'last year' or 'a year ago.' Paul uses it twice in his appeal for the Corinthians to complete their collection for Jerusalem. They had begun their generous intention 'a year ago' (2 Cor 8:10), and their readiness 'since last year' had stirred the Macedonians to action (2 Cor 9:2). The word marks the passage of a full year, emphasizing both their early enthusiasm and their subsequent delay. What began well needs finishing—don't let another year pass.