παρά-πτωμα G3900
Trespass, transgression; a moral lapse or offense against God's standard, literally a 'falling beside' the path.
Derived from para ('beside') and ptoma ('a fall'), this noun pictures someone stumbling off the right path rather than charging away in open rebellion. Yet Paul gives it serious weight, using it for Adam's primal transgression in Romans 5:15-20 and for the offenses that demanded Christ's atoning death in Ephesians 2:1. Jesus himself employs the word in the Lord's Prayer context (Matt 6:14-15), linking divine forgiveness to our willingness to forgive others' trespasses. The multilingual evidence is remarkably unified: Spanish 'transgresion', French 'faute/transgression', and German 'Uebertretung' all converge on the idea of crossing a boundary one should not have crossed.
Senses
1. trespass, transgression, false step — A moral trespass or transgression — literally a 'falling beside' the right way. While the etymology suggests an inadvertent slip, NT usage ranges from everyday offenses that fellow believers must forgive (Matt 6:14-15; Mark 11:25) to Adam's catastrophic fall that brought death to all humanity (Rom 5:15-18). Every major translation tradition renders it with a boundary-violation image: English 'trespass/transgression', Spanish 'transgresion', French 'faute', German 'Uebertretung'. 21×
AR["الخَطايا", "الزَّلاّتِ", "الزَّلَّةُ", "الزَّلَّةِ", "الزَّلّاتِ", "خَطايانا", "خَطاياهُمْ", "زَلَّاتِكُمْ", "زَلَّةٍ", "زَلَّةِ", "زَلَّتُ", "زَلّاتٍ", "زَلّاتِكُم", "زَلّاتِهِم"]·ben["অপরাধ", "অপরাধসমূহ", "অপরাধসমূহ-র", "অপরাধসমূহে", "অপরাধসমূহের", "অপরাধে", "অপরাধের", "পাপ", "পাপগুলো", "পাপসমূহ", "পাপে,"]·DE["Uebertretung", "παραπτώματα"]·EN["transgression", "trespass", "trespasses"]·FR["faute", "transgression"]·heb["פְּשָׁעִים", "פְּשָׁעֵיהֶם", "פְּשָׁעֵיכֶם", "פֶּשַׁע"]·HI["अपराध", "अपराधों", "अप्रधोन"]·ID["pelanggaran", "pelanggaran,", "pelanggaran-pelanggaran,", "pelanggaran;", "pelanggaranmu"]·IT["trasgredire", "trasgressione"]·jav["dosa", "dosa,", "dosa-dosa", "dosa-dosa,", "dosa-dosanipun", "kalepatan", "kaluputan", "panerak,", "panerakipun,", "panerakipun;"]·KO["넘어지면서", "넘어짐이", "범죄", "범죄들", "범죄들-안에", "범죄들에,", "범죄들을", "범죄들의,"]·PT["ofensa", "ofensas", "transgressão", "transgressão,", "transgressões", "transgressões,"]·RU["-благодать", "-спасение", "воцарилась", "где", "их", "падение", "прегрешений", "прегрешения", "преступлений,", "преступления", "преступлениями,", "преступлениях", "согрешения", "так"]·ES["transgresiones", "transgresión"]·SW["kosa", "kosa,", "makosa", "mengi"]·TR["o-", "suclarda", "suclari", "suclarin", "suclarinizda", "suç", "suçlardan", "suçları", "suçlarımız", "suçlarını", "suçlarınızı", "suçlarıyla", "suçu", "suçun", "suçuyla"]·urd["خطا", "خطاؤں", "خطائیں", "قصور", "گناہ", "گناہوں"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
παρά-πτωμα, ατος, τό, false step, slip, blunder, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 defeat, Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 transgression, trespass, LXX+NT __4 error in amount of payments, Refs 2nd c.BC+