οὐδείς G3762
No one, nobody, nothing; a strong negative pronoun negating persons or things absolutely.
Oudeis is Greek's emphatic negative pronoun, a compound of ou ('not') and heis ('one') that categorically denies the existence of any person or thing in the scope of the statement. It is the word behind some of the New Testament's most absolute declarations: 'No one comes to the Father except through me' (John 14:6), 'No one can serve two masters' (Matt 6:24), 'There is no one righteous, not even one' (Rom 3:10). Its force is stronger than simple ou with an indefinite — it asserts total, universal negation. Across languages the pronominal and adjectival uses split differently: Spanish distinguishes nadie (persons) from nada (things), as does German niemand versus nichts, while French personne and rien make the same cut.
Senses
1. no one, nobody (pronominal) — Pronominal use referring to persons: 'no one,' 'nobody,' 'not anyone' — the dominant sense at 207 occurrences, used in both subject and object positions. 'No one knows the Son except the Father' (Matt 11:27); 'No one can enter a strong man's house' (Mark 3:27). Spanish nadie, German niemand, French personne, and Korean 아무도...않다 all deploy their dedicated person-negating pronouns here. The absolute, exceptionless quality of this negation gives it particular theological force in Johannine and Pauline usage. 207×
AR["أَحَدٌ", "لا أَحَدٌ", "لا-أَحَدٌ", "لا-أَحَدَ", "لَا-أَحَدٌ", "لَا-أَحَدَ"]·ben["কেউ", "কেউ-না", "কেউ-না,"]·DE["niemand"]·EN["no-one", "none"]·FR["personne"]·heb["אִישׁ", "אִישׁ-אֵינֶנּוּ", "אִישׁ-לֹא", "אִישׁ־לֹא", "אֵין-אִישׁ", "אֵין־אֶחָד", "אַף־אֶחָד", "לֹא-אֶחָד"]·HI["अब", "किसि-ने-नहिन", "कोई", "कोई-नहीं", "कोएए-नहिन", "में"]·ID["siapa-pun,", "tidak-ada-seorang-pun", "tidak-seorang-pun", "tidak-seorangpun"]·IT["nessuno"]·jav["boten-satunggal-kemawon", "boten-wonten", "boten-wonten-tiyang", "dereng-wonten", "mboten-wonten", "mboten-wonten-tiyang", "ora-ana", "sapa-waé", "sapa-waé,"]·KO["아무도", "아무도-없었다"]·PT["nenhum", "ninguém", "ninguém,"]·RU["никто"]·ES["nadie", "ninguno"]·SW["Hakuna-mtu", "ajuaye", "aliweza", "hakuna", "hakuna-anaye-", "hakuna-mtu", "mtu-yeyote", "mtu-yeyote,", "sisi"]·TR["hiç-biri", "hiç-kimse", "hiç-kimse,", "kimse"]·urd["کسی-نے-نہیں", "کوئی", "کوئی-نہیں"]
Matt 9:16, Matt 11:27, Matt 20:7, Matt 22:46, Matt 24:36, Mark 2:22, Mark 3:27, Mark 5:3, Mark 5:4, Mark 9:39, Mark 10:18, Mark 10:29 (+38 more)
2. no, none (adjectival/attributive) — Adjectival or attributive use modifying a noun: 'no,' 'none,' 'not any' — 16 occurrences where oudeis functions as an adjective rather than standing alone as a pronoun. 'No prophet is accepted in his own hometown' (Luke 4:24); 'No one of them was cleansed' (Luke 4:27); 'I find no fault in him' (John 18:38). Spanish ninguno/ninguna, German kein, and French aucun map this adjectival function well. The distinction from sense 1 is grammatical rather than semantic — the negation is the same, but the word modifies rather than replaces a noun. 16×
AR["أَيَّ", "أَيَّةَ", "أَيَّةُ", "أَيُّ-ظُلمَةٍ", "شَيْءٍ-لا", "لا", "لا-أَحَدَ", "لا-واحِدَةٍ", "وَلا-أَيَّةَ", "وَلا-شَيءَ", "وَلا-واحِدَةٌ", "وَلَا-وَاحِدًا", "وَلَا-وَاحِدَةً"]·ben["কাউকে-না", "কিছুই-না", "কেউ-না", "কোনো", "কোনো-না", "কোনো-না,", "কোনোই"]·DE["niemand"]·EN["any", "no", "no-one", "none", "not-one", "nothing"]·FR["personne"]·heb["אֵין", "אַף-אַחַת", "אַף־אֶחָד", "אַף־אַחַת", "כְּלָל", "לֹא", "לֹא־שׁוּם", "מְאוּמָה", "מְאוּמָה-לֹא", "שׁוּם", "שׁוּם-לֹא"]·HI["किसि", "किसी-के-भी-नहीं", "कुछ-नहीं", "कुछ-भी", "कोइ-नहि", "कोई-नहीं", "कोई-भी", "कोईनहीं"]·ID["sama-sekali.", "satu-pun", "tidak satupun", "tidak-ada", "tidak-satu", "tidak-satu-pun", "tidak-seorang-pun"]·IT["nessuno"]·jav["boten-satunggal-kemawon", "boten-setunggal-pisan", "boten-wonten", "boten-wonten-satunggal", "mboten-satunggal", "mboten-wonten", "satunggal-kemawon", "satunggal-pisan", "satunggal-punapa"]·KO["아무", "아무도", "아무도-없는", "아무도-없다", "어떤", "어떤-것도", "없는", "전혀", "하나도"]·PT["nada", "nenhum", "nenhuma"]·RU["никакая", "никакая.", "никакого", "никакой", "никакой,", "никакую", "ничто"]·ES["ninguna", "ninguno", "ningún"]·SW["hakuna", "hata-kidogo", "hata-mmoja", "kwa-kitu-chochote", "lolote", "wowote", "yeyote", "yoyote"]·TR["hicbir", "hiç kimse", "hiç-bir", "hiç-birine", "hiçbir", "hiçbir-şey", "ve-"]·urd["کسی-نہیں", "کوئی", "کوئی نہیں", "کوئی-نہیں", "کوئی۔", "کچھ-نہیں"]
Mark 6:5, Luke 4:24, Luke 4:26, John 16:29, John 18:38, John 19:4, John 19:11, Acts 25:18, Acts 27:22, Acts 28:5, 1 Cor 8:4, 1 Cor 14:10 (+4 more)
3. nothing (pronominal) — Pronominal use referring to things or abstractions: 'nothing,' 'not anything' — 11 occurrences where the neuter form ouden refers to things rather than persons. 'What do you answer? What is it that these testify against you?' ... 'But Jesus kept silent and answered nothing' (Matt 26:62-63). 'Nothing is impossible with God' (Luke 1:37 variant). Spanish nada, German nichts, and Korean 아무것도 all select thing-negating pronouns distinct from their person-negating equivalents, confirming this as a genuine cross-lingual sense boundary. 11×
AR["أَلَا", "شَيْءٍ", "شَيْئاً", "لا-شَيء", "لا-شَيْءٍ", "لا-شَيْءَ", "لَا", "لَا-شَيْءٍ", "لَا-شَيْءَ"]·ben["কিছু", "কিছু-না", "কিছুই-না", "কিছুরই-না", "কোনোকিছু", "কোনোকিছুতে", "কোনোটিও"]·DE["niemand"]·EN["Nothing", "none", "nothing", "of-no"]·FR["personne"]·heb["אֵין", "בְּ-אַף-אַחַת", "כְּלוּם", "לֹא", "לֹא-מְאוּמָה", "מְאוּמָה", "שֶׁל-כְּלוּם", "שׁוּם־דָּבָר"]·HI["किसि-बअत", "किसी-की-नहीं", "किसी-को", "किसी-भी", "किसी-से", "कुछ", "कुछ-नहीं", "कुछ-भी-नहीं", "कुछनहीं", "कोई-नहीं।"]·ID["Tidak-ada", "satupun", "tidak", "tidak ada hal", "tidak-ada-yang"]·IT["nessuno"]·jav["Boten-wonten", "Mboten", "Mboten-punapa.", "Mboten-wonten", "mboten-punapa;", "mboten-satunggal", "mboten-wonten", "punapa-kemawon", "satunggal-kemawon"]·KO["아무", "아무것-으로도", "아무것도", "아무것도-아닌"]·PT["Nada", "Nenhuma", "de-nenhuma", "nada", "nenhum"]·RU["Никакого", "Ничего", "не-чем", "никакого;", "ничего-из", "ничем", "чём"]·ES["De-nada", "Nada", "Ninguna", "de-ninguna", "nada", "ninguna"]·SW["Hakuna", "Hakuna-kitu", "Hapana", "Hujibu", "chochote", "hakuna-kitu", "hata-moja", "kwa-chochote"]·TR["Hiç-bir", "Hiçbir-şey", "Hiçbir-şeyden", "hicbirseyde", "hiç", "hiç birini", "hiçbir", "hiçbir-şeyle"]·urd["کسی", "کسی-بات-کی", "کسی-بھی-بات-میں", "کسی-سے-نہیں", "کوئی", "کچھ", "کچھ-بھی-نہیں", "کچھ-نہیں"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)G1063 1. (1047×)G3778 1. this thing, these things (1003×)H???? 2. (1002×)G2424 1. (924×)G3754 1. that (content clause) (881×)H2009 1. presentative particle: behold, look (881×)H0589 1. I (first person singular pronoun) (874×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
οὐδείς, feminine οὐδεμίᾰ (never nominative accusative -μίη, -μίην, since οὐδεμιῇ is probably in Refs, rarely οὐδ᾽ ἴα Refs 7th c.BC+, not one, i.e. no one, none, used by Refs 8th c.BC+, except in the phrase τὸ ὃν μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐδείς is found in Refs 5th c.BC+: rare in plural, no set of persons or things, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδένων εἰσὶ βελτίους, i.e. οὔ τινων ἄλλων, Refs 5th…