This conjunction acknowledges a fact while introducing a contrast or objection. It appears in Acts 14:17, where Paul tells the Lycaonians that God 'did not leave himself without witness, although (καίτοι) he let the nations go their own ways.' The word concedes God's patience with idolatrous nations while asserting his ongoing witness through creation. In Hebrews 4:3, the author reflects on God's rest 'although his works were finished from the foundation of the world,' holding in tension the completed work of creation and the ongoing offer of rest. The particle thus enables nuanced theological argument, balancing truths that might seem contradictory.