ἔλεος G1656
mercy, compassion, covenant faithfulness — God's active pity that rescues the helpless and fulfills promises
Eleos is the Greek noun for mercy or compassion, appearing 27 times in the New Testament as one of its richest theological terms. In the Septuagint it regularly translates the Hebrew chesed ('covenant lovingkindness'), and much of its New Testament weight carries that covenantal resonance. Luke's infancy narrative is saturated with it: Mary's Magnificat celebrates that God's eleos extends 'from generation to generation' (Luke 1:50), Zechariah praises the Lord for 'performing mercy with our fathers' (Luke 1:72), and the birth of John signals that God has 'shown great mercy' to Elizabeth (Luke 1:58). Jesus twice quotes Hosea 6:6 — 'I desire mercy and not sacrifice' (Matt 9:13; 12:7) — redefining what God requires. In the epistles, eleos becomes part of the greeting formula 'grace, mercy, and peace' (1 Tim 1:2; 2 Tim 1:2; 2 John 3; Jude 2), and Paul grounds the entire Gentile mission in God's mercy (Rom 9:23; 11:31; 15:9). James insists that 'mercy triumphs over judgment' (Jas 2:13). Hebrews invites believers to the throne of grace to 'receive mercy' (Heb 4:16). Spanish 'misericordia,' French 'misericorde,' and German 'Erbarmen' all reflect its weight.
Senses
1. mercy — Active divine compassion and covenant faithfulness, rooted in the LXX translation of Hebrew chesed. Permeates Luke's infancy hymns as God's age-spanning promise-keeping mercy (Luke 1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78). Jesus invokes it to reorder religious priorities: 'I desire mercy, not sacrifice' (Matt 9:13; 12:7, quoting Hos 6:6). Paul grounds the inclusion of Gentiles in God's mercy (Rom 9:23; 11:31; 15:9), while James declares mercy's triumph over judgment (Jas 2:13). The epistolary formula 'grace, mercy, and peace' (1 Tim 1:2; 2 Tim 1:2; Titus 1:4) weaves it into the fabric of Christian greeting and blessing. 27×
AR["-رَحمَةِ", "الرَّحمَةَ", "الرَّحمَةُ", "الرَّحمَةِ", "الرَّحْمَةَ", "رَحمَةً", "رَحمَةٌ", "رَحمَةِ", "رَحْمَةً", "رَحْمَةٌ", "رَحْمَةٍ", "رَحْمَةِ", "رَحْمَتَهُ", "رَحْمَتُهُ"]·ben["করুণা", "করুণা,", "করুণা;", "করুণায়", "করুণায়,", "করুণার,", "দয়া", "দয়ার"]·DE["Erbarmen"]·EN["mercy"]·FR["miséricorde"]·heb["חֶסֶד", "רַחֲמִים", "רַחֲמִים;"]·HI["दय", "दय,", "दय;", "दयअ", "दया", "दया,", "दया-के"]·ID["belas-kasihan", "belas-kasihan,", "belas-kasihan.", "itu", "rahmat", "rahmat,"]·IT["eleei", "eleos", "eleous", "misericordia"]·jav["kawelas-asih", "kawelasan", "kawelasan,", "kawelasan.", "kawelasan;", "sih-piwelas", "sih-piwelas,", "welas-asih"]·KO["긍휴", "긍휴,", "긍휴를", "긍휴와", "긍휼", "긍휼-을", "긍휼-의", "긍휼-이", "긍휼을.", "긍흀-을", "꺍휴심에,", "자비가;", "자비를", "자비에"]·PT["de-misericórdia", "misericórdia", "misericórdia,"]·RU["милости", "милости,", "милость", "милость.", "прославить"]·ES["misericordia"]·SW["huruma", "na", "rehema", "rehema,", "yake"]·TR["merhamet", "merhamet,", "merhameti", "merhametin", "merhametine,", "merhametini", "merhametinizle", "merhamettte"]·urd["رحم", "رحم-سے", "رحم،", "رحمت-کے،", "رحم۔"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἔλεος, ὁ, pity, mercy, compassion, Refs 8th c.BC+: also in plural, Refs 5th c.BC+; μ᾽ ἔ. τινος ἐσῆλθε pity for.., LXX+5th c.BC+; ἐ. ποιεῖν μετά τινοςLXX (but masculine is also found,LXX+5th c.BC+ __II personified. worshipped at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III object of compassion, piteous thing, Refs 5th c.BC+