Seeing and Perceiving

רָאָה1315 vb. see (NH id.; וארא MI4, הראני l7, cf. רית spectacle l12; Sab. ראי see, expect, DHM ZMG xxix (1875), 596, 599; Arabic رَأَى see, so Ethiopic ርእየ: 𝔗 רֵו, רֵיוָא human appearance, features, etc. (cf. Heb. רֳאִי 2));— Qal1141 Pf. 3 ms. ר׳ Gn 29:10 +, sf. וְרָֽאֲךָ consec. Ex 4:14, רָאָהוּ 2 K 2:12 +; 3 fs. רָֽאֲתָה Gn 38:14, sf. רָאָֽתְךָ Jb 42:5; 2 ms. רָאִיתָ Gn 20:10 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְאֶה 22:8 +, juss. יֵרֵא Gn 41:33 (Baer Gi, Ges§ 75 p, hh Köi.561; van d. H. יֵרֶא), יֵ֫רֶא Ex 5:21 +, וַיַּרְא Gn 18:2 + (1 S 19:20 read pl. 𝔊 Comm., i.e. וַיִּרְאֻ DrSm lxiii), sf. יִרְאַנִי Ex 33:20, וַיִּרְאֵ֑נִי 2 S 1:7; 3 fs. תִּרְאֶה Lv 20:17; Jb 33:28, juss. תֵּרֵא Mi 7:10; Zc 9:5 (Baer Gi, cf. Ges Kö supr.; van d. H. תֵּרֶא), וַתֵּ֫רֶא Gn 3:6 +; i s. אֶרְאֶה 21:16 +, וָאֵרֶא 31:10 +, etc.; Imv. רְאֵה 27:27 +, etc.; Inf. abs. רָאֹה Ex 3:7 +, רָאוֹ Gn 26:28; Is 6:9; cstr. רְאֹה Gn 48:11, רְאוֹת Ex 10:28 +, רַאֲוָה Ez 28:17, etc.; Pt. act. רֹאֶה Gn 13:15 +, etc.; pass. רְאֻיוֹת (Baer Gi; van d. H. רְאֻיּוֹת):— 1. a. see, subj. עַיִן, עֵינַיִם, c. acc. pers. Is 6:5; 30:20; Je 42:2 + 5 times Jb Pr; subj. pers., c. acc. pers. Gn 12:12, 15 + (מִי רָאָהוּ 1 S 23:22, read הַמְּהֵרָה 𝔊 Th We al. [not HPS]); רֹאִי 16:13 (pt. sf., cf.בְּאֵר לַחַי רֹאִי v 14, p. 91 supr.); acc. of God 32:31 (פָּנִים אֶל־פָּנִים); acc. pers. om. 18:2; 19:1 +; c. acc. פְּנֵי 31:2; 46:30; 48:11; Ex 33:20, opp. אֶת־אֲחֹרָ֑י v 23; c. acc. פְּנֵי specif. of having access to man of rank Gn 43:3, 5 + (v. [פָּנֶה] 2 b). b. see, c. acc. rei: subj. עַיִן, עֵינַיִם Jos 24:7 (E) 1 S 24:11 (van d. H. Baer; v 10 Gi), Dt 3:21 + 5 times Dt, +; וְעֵינָיו אֶת־עֵינָיו תִּרְאֶינָה Je 32:4, cf. 34:3; acc. om. 2 S 24:3 Dt 21:7 + 9 times (לִרְאוֹת 1 S 6:13 read לִקְרָאתוֹ 𝔊 We Dr Kit Bu HPS Now); subj. pers. Gn 13:15; 31:12 + very often; c. acc. cogn. מַרְאֶה Ex 3:3 + 7 times, מַרְאָה Dn 10:7(×2), 8, חָזוֹן 8:15, חֶזְיֹנוֹת Jo 3:1; hence see abs. = receive revelation, Is 30:10 (‖ חזה), cf.Ez 13:3 and v. 1. רֹאֶה" dir="rtl" >רֹאֶה; c.acc. עֶרְוָה, v. ע׳, p. 788 f.; see war, i.e. see it impending Ex 13:17 (E); ר׳ אֶת־הַקּוֹלֹת וְאֶת־הַלַּפִּידִים 20:18 (Gi v 15); רֹאֵי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ Ec 7:11 those who see the sun = living men; acc. rei om. Ex 22:9 ;2 S 13:5 +, וָאֶרְאֶה בֶּחָזוֹן Dn 8:2(×2) (abs.); לֹא יֵדעוּ רְלֹא יִרְאוּ Ne 4:5; עֵינֵי רֹאִים Is 32:3, מְקוֹם רֹאִים Jb 34:26; c. adv. or adv. phr. instead of acc. rei: כָּהֵנָּה Gn 41:19 cf. Is 66:8; Ez 1:27(×2), כַּאֲשֶׁר 2 K 2:19; 2 Ch 29:8; 30:7; Jb 4:8; Ez 16:50; Dn 1:13, כֵּן ψ 48:9. 2. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design.: (1) + epex. cl. c. כִּי, acc. pers. Gn 6:2 saw them that they were fair, 12:14 (both J), Ex 2:2; 32:25 (both E), 1 K 11:28, acc. of face + id. Gn 31:5 (E), Ex 34:25 (P); acc. rei Gn 49:15 (poem), Is 22:9; Gn 1:4 (P), Ec 2:24; 4:4 and prob. 2 K 14:26 (reading כִּי מַר הוּא); (2) ר׳ כָּל־הַבָּא עָלָיו וְעָמָ֑ד 2 S 20:12; (3) + adj. (incl. pt.), acc. pers. Gn 7:1 (J), Am 9:1; 2 S 18:10 + 39 times (Je 46:5 del. ר׳ 𝔊 Gie), + acc. אֲשֶׁר Ex 14:13(×2) (J); acc. rei, †Ex 23:5; 33:10 (both E), Dt 22:4; Ez 33:3, 6; Dn 1:10; 8:4, 6, 7; †(4) + מָה, acc. rei Nu 13:18 (JE), Hg 2:3; †(5) + prep. phr., acc. pers. Ex 5:19 (J), Zc 4:10; Ec 10:7; Est 5:9; acc. rei + בִּכְבוֹדוֹ Hg 2:3, + ב pers. Je 23:13, 14, + כ pers. Ju 9:36, כ rei 2 S 18:27; (6) acc. pers. + adv. acc. + כ pers. Je 30:6. 3. see, so as to learn to know: c. acc. pers. Dt 33:9 (‖ הִכִּיר, יַדַע);c. acc. rei Dt 1:19, 31; 11:2; Jb 11:11 (‖ ��ַדַע), ψ 16:10; 49:10; = have experience of, Je 5:12; 14:13; 20:18; 42:14; Zp 3:15; ψ 89:49; Ec 5:17, שֵׁנָה בְּעֵינָיו אֵינֶנּוּ רֹאֶה Ec 8:16; מָה ראית Gn 20:10 i.e. what hast thou encountered, that …? BacherZAW xix (1899), 345 ff.; Terminol. 177 f. 4. abs. see, have (power of) vision, Gn 27:1 (J), 48:10 (E), 1 S 3:2; 4:15; 1 K 14:4, miraculous 2 K 6:17(×2), 20(×2); denied of idols Dt 4:28 ψ 115:5; 135:16; fig. of spiritual vision Is 6:10; 29:18; 42:18; 44:18; Je 5:21; Dt 29:3; Ez 12:2(×2) ψ 40:13; 69:24; עַיִן רֹאָה Pr 20:12.—1 S 14:27 read Qr v. אוֹר" dir="rtl" >אור. 5. see = perceive: a. sq. cl. c. כִּי, Ex 3:4; 8:11; Gn 1:10, 12 + often (1 S 23:15 read וַיִּרָא and he feared We Dr Kit Bu HPS Now); om. כִּי (late) †La 1:10 ψ 49:11 Ec 3:16; sq. מָה of indirect question Gn 2:19 (J), 37:20 (E), Ju 9:48; Dt 32:20; Je 7:17; 33:24; Ez 8:6; Jon 4:5 +; בַּמָּה Ju 16:5 cf. 1 S 14:38, כַּמָּה Zc 2:6 ψ 35:17; sq. מִי of indirect question 1 S 14:17; Is 40:26; La 2:20 (+ הַבִּיטָה); sq. אֵי 1 S 26:16, אֵיכֹה 2 K 6:13, אֵיפֹה Je 3:2; sq. cl. c. הֲ whether, Gn 8:8; 18:21; Nu 11:23 (all J), Ex 4:18 (E), ψ 14:2; 53:3 Ct 6:11 b Est 3:4, אִם whether Je 30:6; La 1:12 ψ 139:24 Ct 7:13, אֲשֶׁר that or how 1 S 18:15, אֵי Ec 2:3, שֶׁ that v 13, שְׁ 3:18. b. c. acc. צָרַת נַפִשׁוֹ Gn 42:21 (i.e. saw it by out-ward signs), cf. Ho 5:13. [Note, under 5 (rarely in other cases, and only S K Je), †Imv. + ידע Imv.: דַּע וּרְאֵה 1 S 24:12; 2 S 24:13; 1 K 20:22; דְּעִי וּרְאִי 1 S 25:17; Je 2:19; דְּעוּ וּרְאוּ 1 S 12:17; 14:38; 23:22; 1 K 20:7; 2 K 5:7; in reverse order, רְאוּ וּדְעוּ 1 S 23:23; Je 5:1.]. 6. look at, see, by direct volition: a. subj. men, c. acc. rei, Gn 9:22, 23 (J), 42:9, 12 (E), Lv 13:3, 15 +; c. acc. of land = reconnoitre Jos 2:1; look at sun, etc., for worship †Dt 4:19; Jb 31:26; = inspect 1 K 9:12; Lv 14:36(×2); c. acc. pers. Nu 24:20, 21 (JE), Ex 2:25; Lv 13:3, 5 (all P), 1 S 9:16 +, (1 S 19:15 HPS proposes אֶל־בֵּית for לִרְאוֹת); c. prep. ר׳ אַחֲרִי רֹאִי Gn 16:13 (J) I have looked after one seeing me (interpr. v. Di). b. subj. God, c. acc. rei Gn 9:16 (P); = inspect 11:5 (J); look at with favour, acc. pers. Jb 37:24 ψ 138:6; so perhaps fig., subj. man, regard, c. acc. אָוֶן ψ 66:18 (Hup-Now; Che Bae Dr al. intend); look with pleasure (acc. om., + מִן by reason of, as a fruit of) Is 53:11 (si vera l.; ins. acc. אוֹר 𝔊 Houb Klo Du CheHpt Kit [perhaps], with Hiph. יַרְאֵה 𝔊 Du CheHpt, rescues from travail his soul, makes it see light). c. without acc., look, take a look, etc. (of man and God; often + וְהִנֵּה), Gn 8:13; 18:2;Ex 3:2; Lv 13:8; La 3:50 (מִן loc.), Gn 13:14 (מִן loc. + ה loc.), Dt 3:27; Ez 40:4; 44:5 (all בְּעֵינֶיךָ), + often; peculiarly, מִמֶּנִּי תִרְאוּ וְכֵן תַּעֲשׂוּ Ju 7:17 (cf. GFM). d. look after, see after, learn about, c. acc. rei Gn 37:14 (J), c. acc. pers. = visit (go to see) 1 S 15:35; 20:29; 2 S 13:5, 6; 2 K 8:29 = 2 Ch 22:6; 2 K 9:16, cf. Ez 20:28, עֵין רֹאִי Jb 7:8 (Di Bu al.). e. observe, watch, abs. 1 S 6:9, 16; 17:28; Ec 8:16 (‖ ידע). f. look upon = endure to see, c. acc. rei Hb 1:13 (‖ הִבִּיט). g. look out, find out, acc. pers. 2 K 9:2; Gn 41:33 (E), + ל pers. 1 S 16:17; select, acc. pers. + מִן from among 2 K 10:3, + ב among + ל pers. 1 S 16:1; provide, furnish, c. acc. rei Dt 33:21 (poem), + ל pers. Gn 22:8 (E), cf. abs. י׳ יִרְאֶה as n.pr.loc. = י׳ seeth v 14 a (E;? read יֵרָאֶה, cf. v b, Niph. and Di); רְאֻיוֹת Est 2:9 looked out = suitable (as often NH). h. look at = concern oneself about, acc. rei (+ בְּיָדוֹ) Gn 39:23 (J). 7. of mental observation: a. Imv. see! observe! consider! exclam. (nearly = הִנֵּה), sq. cl.: Gn 27:27; 31:50 see! God is witness 39:14; 41:41; Ex 4:21; Dt 1:8 +; sq. nom. independ. 2 S 24:22 (‖ 1 Ch 21:23 sq. cl.). b. look at, i.e. inquire into, a matter, acc. rei om., of י׳, 1 S 24:16 (Gi v 15). c. give attention to, acc. rei, Je 2:31, abs. give attention! 2 S 13:28; 2 K 6:32; Ex 25:40 ψ 45:11; take heed to, acc. rei, 1 K 12:16 = 2 Ch 10:16; abs. take heed! Ex 10:10, + פֶּן 2 K 10:23. d. discern, לִבִּי ר׳ חָכְמָה Ec 1:16, ר׳ טוֹב 3:13. e. distinguish, c. בֵּין … לְ of pers. Mal 3:18; f. consider, reflect, Ec 7:14 (sq. cl orat. rect.). †8. a. c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest (Germ. ‘sich vertiefen in’): (1) gaze at 1 S 6:19 (on context v. We Dr HPS), so as to become acquainted with Gn 34:1 (P); so as to find out Ec 3:22; inspect liver (for omens) Ez 21:26; somewhat weakened = behold Jb 3:9; 2 Ch 7:3 ψ 64:9. (2) look at with kindness, helpfulness, of י׳, בָּעֳנִי Gn 29:32; 1 S 1:11 (+ inf. abs.), 2 S 16:12, בַּצַּר ψ 106:44. (3) upon a spectacle causing anger Ex 2:11 (E), grief Gn 21:16; (E), 44:34; Nu 11:15 (both J), 2 K 22:20 (subj. עֵינַיִם) = 2 Ch 34:28; Est 8:6(×2), abhorrence Is 66:24. (4) gaze at with apprehension Ec 11:4. (5) with joy, pleasure, 2 K 10:16; Mi 7:9; Je 29:32; Is 52:8 (עַיִן בְּעַיִן, cf. Niph. Nu 14:14); Jb 20:17; 33:28 ψ 54:9; 106:5; 128:5; Ct 3:11; 6:11 a Ec 2:1. (6) especially with exultation, triumph = feast eyes upon, sometimes gloat over enemies (cf. MI7) Ju 16:27; Mi 7:10; Ez 28:17 Ob 12, 13 ψ 22:18; 54:9; 112:8; 118:7. b. c. אֶל Je 4:23. Is 17:7 (subj. עֵינַיִם; ‖ שָׁעָה עַל); עַל pers. Ex 5:21 (J); ר׳ עַל־הָאָבְנָ֑יִם Ex 1:16 v. [אֹבֶן" dir="rtl" >אֹבֶן] and Comm., also SpiegelbZA xiv (June 1900), 269 ff.. c. c. ל, הָאָדָם יִר׳ לַעֵינַיִם וְיהוה יִר׳ לַלֵּבָב 1 S 16:7, מִי יִרְאֶה־לָּ֑מוֹ ψ 64:6.—Corrupt is וּרְאִתַנִי כְתוֹר הָאָדָם 1 Ch 17:17 (and ‖ וְזֹאת תּוֹרַת הָאָדָם 2 S 7:19), read וַתַּרְאֵנִי (with other changes) We Dr Kau Bu HPS Now; Ez 12:12; read prob. Niph. 𝔊 Hi Co Krae; Mi 6:9; read prob. יִרְאָה cf. Now GASm. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִרְאָה Gn 48:3 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יֵרָאֶה Gn 22:14 +, juss. יֵרָא Ex 34:3; Lv 9:6, וַיֵּרָא Gn 12:7 +; 1 s. וָאֵרָא Ex 6:3; etc.; Imv. ms. הֵרָאֵה 1 K 18:1; Inf. cstr. לְהֵרָאוֹת 1 S 17:17 +, לֵרָאוֹת Is 1:12 + 2 times, הֵרָאֹה Ju 13:21; 1 S 3:21; etc.;— 1. appear, especially a. of י׳ (God): c. אֶל pers. Gn 12:7(×2) + 6 times J, Gn 35:1 (E), v 9 48:3; Ex 6:3; (בְּאֵל שַׁדַּי, ב essent.), Lv 9:4 (all P), 1 K 3:5; 9:2(×2) = 2 Ch 7:12; 1 K 11:9; c. ל pers. Je 31:3; 2 Ch 1:7; 3:1 (ins. י׳ 𝔊 Kau Kit); abs. Gn 22:14 in the mt. where י׳ appeareth (prob., Di Sta G i. 450 DrHast. DB ii. 563; E), Nu 14:14; (JE; עַיִן בְּעַיִן, v Is 52:8 Qal 8 a (5)), Lv 16:2 (P; ב loc. + עַל), 1 S 3:21 (ב loc.), 2 S 22:11 (עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רוּחַ; וַיֵּדֶא ‖ ψ 18:11), + 5 times; of מַלְאַךְ י׳, c. אֶל pers. Ex 3:2 (E), Ju 13:21; of כְּבוֹד י׳; c. אֶל pers. Lv 9:6, 23; Nu 14:10 (ב loc.), 16:19; 20:6 (all P), Ju 6:12; 13:3; עַל pers. Is 60:2; abs. Ex 16:10 (ב loc.), Nu 17:7 (both P). b. appear, of man, = present oneself: c. אֶל pers. Gn 46:29 (J), Ju 13:10; 1 K 18:1, 2, 15; Lv 13:7(×2), 19, אֶל of God ψ 84:8 (ב loc.), אֶל־פְּנֵי הָאָדֹן Ex 23:17 (E); abs. Is 16:12 (del. as dittogr. Lo Du CheHpt Marti al.); especially (Mass.) sq. אֶת־פְּנֵי) of י׳, rendered appear before י׳: so וְנִרְאָה 1 S 1:22, יֵרָאֶה Ex 34:23 (JE), Dt 16:16, וְאֵרָאֶה ψ 42:3, יֵרָאוּ Ex 23:15 (E), 34:20 (JE), Dt 16:16, לֵרָאוֹת Ex 34:24 (JE), Dt 31:11; Is 1:12; read prob. in all Qal (v. [פָּנֶה] II. 2). c. appear, of things: late (Hex only P), abs. Gn 1:9; 8:5, c. ב loc. 9:14; Lv 13:14, 57; elsewhere poet. ψ 18:16 = 2 S 22:16, ψ 90:16 Pr 27:25 (of דֶּשֶׁא), Ct 2:12 (ב loc.; of blossoms); subj. מַרְאֵיהֶם Dn 1:15 (+ adj. pred.), v 13 (+ לְפָנֶיךָ); subj. חָזוֹן, c. אֶל pers. Dn 8:1(×2); subj. כְּנֶגַע Lv 14:35 (c. ל pers.). 2. be seen: a. subj. rei, 1 K 10:12 = 2 Ch 9:11 (where כָּהֶם subj.) Ez 19:11, of sins 21:29 (‖ חִגָּלוֹת), subj. כָּזֹאת Ju 19:30, כְּאֶבֶן etc. Ez 10:1. b. subj. pers. 2 S 17:17 (+ לָבוֹא) be seen to come. c. be seen = occur 2 K 23:24 (ב loc.); = exist, + ל pers. Ex 13:7(×2) (JE), Dt 16:4, cf. Ez 10:8; = be present, + ב loc. Ju 5:8 Ex 34:3 (JE). 3. be visible, Ex 33:23 (JE; subj. י׳’s face), אֵין אֶבֶן נִרְאָה 1 K 6:18, 8:8(×2) = 2 Ch 5:9(×2), Je 13:26 Is 47:3. †Pu. Pf. 3 pl. עַצְמֹתָיו לֹא רֻאוּ Jb 33:21 (Baer Gi; d. f. Ki Köi. 41, 563, Mappik\ Ges§ 14 d; van d. H. רֻאוּ), appar. his bones are not seen, detected; De which were (formerly) not seen; Di are insignificant (‘unscheinbar’), so Bae; prob. corrupt, Bu נָאווּ, Du del. as doublet. †Hithp. recipr. look at each other: Impf. 2 mpl. לָ֫מָּה תִּתְרָאוּ Gn 42:1 (E); techn. 3 mpl. וַיִּתְרָאוּ פָנִים 2 K 14:11 = 2 Ch 25:21 and they looked each other in the face, i.e. met in combat, so i pl. נִתְרָאֶה פ׳ 2 K 14:8 = 2 Ch 25:17, cf. (perhaps) 2 K 23:29, where Wkl Benz conj. כְּהִתְרָאוֹת אִתּוֹ (or Niph. כְּהֵרָאוֹת אִתּוֹ) for MT כִּרְאֹתוֹ אֹתוֹ. Hiph.62 Pf. 3 ms. הֶרְאָה Gn 41:28 +, sf. הִרְאַנִי Am 7:1 +, הֶרְאָ֑נִי Ez 11:25, הֶרְאָנוּ Dt 5:21; Ju 13:23, הֶרְאֲךָ Dt 4:36; i s. וְהַרְאֵיתִ֫י Na 3:5 (Ges§ 53 p), sf. הֶרְאִיתִיךָ Dt 34:4, הִרְאִיתִים Is 39:4 cf. ‖ 2 K 20:15, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַרְאֶה Is 30:30, וַיַּרְא 2 K 11:4, sf. יַרְאֵנִי Nu 23:3 ψ 59:11; i s. sf. אַרְאֶךָּ Gn 12:1 +, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. הַרְאֵנִי Ex 33:18, etc.; Inf. cstr. הַרְאוֹת Dt 3:24 +, sf. הַרְאוֹתְכָה Ez 40:4, לַרְאֹתְכֶם Dt 1:33, etc.; Pt. מַרְאֶה Ex 25:9 Ez 40:4;— 1. a. cause one to see something, shew: (1) subj. man, c. acc. pers. + rei, Nu 13:26 b (JE), Ju 1:24, 25; 2 K 20:13(×2), 15 = Is 39:2(×2), 4 + 4 times, acc. rei om. Ez 40:4; Est 4:8, acc. refl. נַפְשׁו�� + acc. rei Ec 2:24; מִי יַרְאֵנוּ טוֹב ψ 4:7, acc. pers. om., = exhibit Est 1:4; c. 2 acc. pers. Ju 4:22; 2 K 11:4. (2) especially subj. י׳ (God), c. acc. pers. + rei, Gn 12:1; Ex 9:16 (both J), Gn 41:28; 48:11 (both E), Ex 33:18; Dt 34; 1 b (both JE), Dt 3:24; 4:36; 5:21; Jos 5:6 (D), Ex 25:9 (P), Ju 13:23 + 5 times + (of revelation to prophets) Nu 23:3 (JE), Je 38:21; Ez 11:25, also, c. acc. rei cogn., Nu 8:4 (P), acc. rei om. Dt 34:4 (JE), acc. pers. om. = exhibit, Is 30:30; of visions, י׳ subj., c. acc. pers. + כֹּה Am 7:1, 4, 7; 8:1, + כַּאֲשֶׁר Ex 27:8 (P), c. acc. pers. only = cause to see [a vision] Je 24:1; c. 2 acc. pers. + appos. 2 K 8:13, acc. pers. + cl. c. כִּי v 10. (3) subj. angel, acc. pers. + rei, of revelation to prophet Zc 2:3; 3:1; acc. pers. + cl. c. מָה Zc 1:9. b. cause to experience something, c. acc. pers. + rei, subj. י׳, Hb 1:3 ψ 60:5; 71:20; 85:8. †2. cause to look intently at, to behold, c. acc. pers. + ב rei (cf. Qal 8), subj. י׳: a. cause to gaze at, with joy ψ 50:23; 91:16. b. in exultation, cause to feast one’s eyes upon, fallen enemies ψ 59:11 (cf. MI4). c. in weakened sense, cause to behold Dt 1:33 (cf. Dr). †Hoph. 1. be caused to see, be shewn: Pf. 2 ms. הָרְאֵיתָ, subj. man, acc. rei, Ex 26:30 (P; ב loc.); so Pt. מָרְאֶה 25:40 (P; ב loc.); sq. inf. אַתָּה הָרְאֵתָ לָדַעַת כִּי Dt 4:35. 2. be exhibited to, subj. rei, acc. pers., Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְהָרְאָה אֶת־הַכֹּהֵן Lv 13:49 (P).

ὁράω, contraction ὁρῶ even in Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect ὁρόω Refs, etc.; Aeolic dialect ὄρημι (which see); Ionic dialect ὁρέω Refs 5th c.BC+, 2nd pers. singular ὁρῇς Refs 3rd c.BC+, 3rd.pers. singular ὁρῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive ὁρῆν Refs 5th c.BC+ (but 2nd pers. singular ὁρᾷς Refs 7th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. singular ὁρᾷ Refs 7th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural ὁρῶμεν Refs; 3rd.pers. plural ὁρῶσι (ἐπ-) Refsinfinitive ὁρᾶνRefs (except when found in Doric dialect, as Refs 4th c.BC+; imperfect 3rd.pers. singular ἑώρη Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὥρα Refs 5th c.BC+,2nd pers. plural ὡρᾶτε Refs 3rd.pers. plural ὥρων Refs; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὅρα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect ἑόρᾱκα, a form required by the metre in many passages, as Refs 5th c.BC+; whence ἑόρακα, -άκη ought always to be restored in early Attic dialect writers, though ἑώρακα was used in later Gr., Refs 3rd c.BC+ (ἑώρακε[ν] is probably in Refs 4th c.BC+imperfect probably comes from ἠ- ϝορ- (with a long form of the augment, compare ἠειδ- (ᾐδ-) in imperfect of οἶδα, while ἑορ- in the perfect comes from ϝε-ϝορ-, see below: Ionic dialect perfect ὁρώρηκα Refs 3rd c.BC+; Doric dialect perfect participle ὡρακυῖα Refs 4th c.BC+; 1st pers. singular ὥρακαRefs: an aorist 1 ἐσορήσαις only falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.AD+ —middle ὁράομαι, contraction ὁρῶμαι even in Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect 2nd pers. singular ὅρηαι Refs 8th c.BC+imperfect ἑωρώμην, also ὡρώμην (προ-) NT, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ὁρᾶτο Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, perfect ἑώραμαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἑωράθην only in late Prose, Refs 1st c.BC+; infinitive ὁρᾱθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+: future ὁραθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+ adjective ὁρᾱτός, ὁρᾱτέονRefs 8th c.BC+ 2nd pers. plural optative ὁρόῳτε Refs 8th c.BC+; besides these forms from ὁρα- (ὁρη-) we have __II from root ὀπ- (see. ὄψ) the only future in use, ὄψομαι, always in active sense, Refs 8th c.BC+, and Attic dialect, Epic dialect 2nd pers. singular ὄψεαι Refs 8th c.BC+aorist 1 ἐπ-όψατο in Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive ὄψησθε NT: perfect ὄπωπα Refs 8th c.BC+, never in Attic dialect Prose: pluperfect 3rd.pers. singular ὀπώπει Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀπώπεσαν Refs —passive, aorist 1 ὤφθην Refs 5th c.BC+; optative (Ionic dialect) ὀφθείησαν Refs 5th c.BC+; participle ὀφθείς, infinitive ὀφθῆναι, Refs: future ὀφθήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ὦμμαι Refs 4th c.BC+; compare ὀπτέον. __III from ϝιδ- are formed aorist active εἶδον, infinitive ἰδεῖν: aorist middle εἰδόμην, infinitive ἰδέσθαι: perfect with present sense οἶδα I know, infinitive εἰδέναι: verb. adjective ἰστέος (for these tenses, see at {Εἴδω}). (ὁρ- probably from ϝορ-, as indicated by the imperfect and perfect forms; compare βῶροι (i.e. ϝῶροι), Engl. (a)ware.) __A0Senses: __A0.I absolutely, see, look, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴς τι or εἴς τινα to or at a thing or person, Refs 8th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 8th c.BC+; but ἔς τινα ὁρᾶν to be of so-and-so's party, Refs 2nd c.AD+; εἰς τὴν Ἀττάλου καθαίρεσιν εἶδεν aimed at.., Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁρόων ἐπ᾽ ἀπείρονα πόντον looking over the sea, Refs; ὁρᾶν πρός τι look towards, ἀκρωτήριον τὸ πρὸς Μέγαρα ὁρῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς πλοῦν ὁρᾷ looks to sail (i.e. is ready), Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.I.2 have sight, opposed to μὴ ὁρᾶν, to be blind, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσ᾽ ἂν λέγωμεν, πάνθ᾽ ὁρῶντα λέξομεν [though I am blind,] my words shall have eyes, i.e. shall be to the purpose, Refs; ἐν σκότῳ.. οὓς μὲν οὐκ ἔδει ὀψοίαθ᾽, i.e. should be blind, Refs; ἀμβλύτερον ὁ., opposed to ὀξύτερον βλέπειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ σμικρὸν ὁ. to be short-sighted, Refs __A0.I.3 see to, look to, i.e. take or give heed, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ. εἰς γλῶσσαν.. ἀνδρός look to, pay heed to, Refs 6th c.BC+: frequently in imperative, like{βλέπε}, followed by a dependent clause, ὅρα ὅπως.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅρα εἰ.. see whether.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅρα τί ποιεῖςRefs 4th c.BC+ __A0.I.4 ὁρᾷ; ὁρᾶτ; see'st thou? d'ye see? parenthetically, especially in explanations, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὁρᾷ; at the beginning of a sentence, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽—ὁρᾷ; but, do you see.. ?, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὁρᾷ; ironically, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A0.I.5 with accusative cognate, like{βλέπω} 11, look so and so, δεινὸν ὁρῶν ὄσσοισι Refs 8th c.BC+; also ἡδέως ὁρᾶν look pleasant, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.II transitive, see an object, behold, perceive, observe, with accusative, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+perfect ὄπωπα exclusively in this sense, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀφθαλμοῖσιν or ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὁρᾶν to see with or before the eyes, Refs 8th c.BC+; αἰεὶ τέρμ᾽ ὁρόων always keeping it in sight, keeping his eye on it, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ. τινά look to (for aid), Refs 4th c.BC+ __A0.II.b ζώει καὶ ὁρᾷ φάος ἠελίοιο, poetry for ζῆν, like{βλέπειν}, Refs 8th c.BC+:— in middle, φέγγος ὁρᾶσθαι Refs; so ὁρᾶν alone, τὰ γὰρ φθιτῶν τοῖς ὁρῶσι κόσμος Refs __A0.II.c followed by a clause, οὐχ ὁράᾳς οἷος..; Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁρᾷς ἡμᾶς, ὅσοι ἐσμέ; Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὁρᾷς ὅτι ἥμαρτε; Refs 4th c.BC+ __A0.II.d with participle, καπνὸν.. ὁρῶμεν ἀπὸ χθονὸς ἀΐσσοντα we see it rising, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁρῶν ἐμαυτὸν ὧδε προυσελούμενον seeing myself thus insulted, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁρῶ σε κρύπτοντα.. see you hiding.., Refs 5th c.BC+; so ὁρῶ μ᾽ ἔργον ἐξειργασμένην I see that I have done, Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely in reference to the subject, ὁρῶ μὲν ἐξαμαρτάνων (= ὅτι ἐξαμαρτάνω) Refs 5th c.BC+:—so in middle, ἄνδρα διωκόμενον.. ὁρῶμαι Refs 8th c.BC+: also with infinitive, ἑώρων οὐκέτι οἷόν τε εἶναι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.II.e rarely with genitive, οὐδεὶς Σωκράτους οὐδὲν ἀσεβὲς.. οὔτε πράττοντος εἶδεν οὔτε λέγοντος ἤκουσεν (where the Constr. is suggested by the use of ἤκουσεν) Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.II.2 see to, ἴδε πῶμα Refs 8th c.BC+; look out for, provide, τινί τι LXX+5th c.BC+ __A0.II.3 the infinitive is used after an adjective, δεινὸς ἰδεῖν Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐχθίστου.. ὁρᾶν most hateful to behold, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle or passive, αἰσχρὸς ὁρᾶσθαι Refs: with an adverb, μὴ διχορρόπως ἰδεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+: with a substantive, ἄνδρα τευχηστὴν ἰδεῖν Refs: with a Verb, πρέπουσι.. ἰδεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+ __A0.II.4 middle is used by Poets like active, Refs 8th c.BC+middle occurs only in compounds, as προ-ορῶμαι: for the imperative ἰδοῦ, ἰδού, see at {ἰδοῦ}. __A0.II.4.b no passive is used by Refs 8th c.BC+; in Attic dialect the passive has the sense to be seen, Refs 4th c.BC+participle, ὤφθημεν ὄντες ἄθλιοι was seen in my wretchedness, Refs 5th c.BC+he will prove to be.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ὁρώμενα all that is seen, things visible, like{τὰ ὁρατά}, Refs __A0.III metaphorically, of mental sight, discern, perceive, Refs 5th c.BC+; so blind Oedipus says, φωνῇ γὰρ ὁρῶ, τὸ φατιζόμενον I see by sound, as the saying is, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A0.IV absolutely, see visions, ὁ ἀληθινῶς ὁρῶν LXX:—passive, appear in a vision, ὤφθη ἄγγελος πρὸς τὴν γυναῖκαLXX __A0.V interview, ἐμνήσθης μοι ἰδεῖν τὸν κεραμέα περὶ τῶν κεραμίων you told me to see the potter about the jars, Refs 3rd c.BC+

† יָרֵא vb. fear (NH id.; Assyrian îrû, id.; Hpt KAT2 Gloss i., COTGloss)— Qal328 Pf. יר׳ Gn 19:30 + 14 times; 3 f. יָֽרְאָה Je 3:8 ψ 76:9; יָרֵ֑אָה Gn 18:15; pl. 2 m. יְרֵאתֶם Nu 12:8 + 2 times; + 23 times Pf.; Impf. יִירָא Am 3:8 + 3 times; וַיִּירָא Gn 28:17 + 5 times; וַיִּרָא Je 26:21 + 5 times; pl. יִירְאוּ (יִֽרְאוּ) 23:4 +; יִרָאוּן Dt 13:12, +, etc.; 136 times Impf.; Imv. יְרָא Pr 3:7 + 3 times; יְראוּ Jos 24:14 + 2 times; Inf. cstr. יְרֹא Jos 22:25; לֵרֹא 1 S 18:29 (Ges§ 69, R. i.); לְיִרְאָה Dt 4:10 + 13 times; sf. יִרְאָתוֹ 2 S 3:11; יִרְאָתָם Is 29:13; יְרָאתֶם Jos 4:24 (read יִרְאָתָם Bö§ 1081 a Ew337 b Di etc.); Pt. יָרֵא Gn 32:12 + 15 times; cstr. יְרֵא 22:12 + 10 times; pl. יְרֵאִים Je 42:11 + 6 times; cstr. יִרְאֵי Ex 18:21 + 12 times; f. cstr. יִרְאַת Pr 31:30;— 1. fear, be afraid (not in P): a. abs. Gn 3:10; 18:15; 32:8; 43:18 Ex 14:10 (J), Gn 20:8; 28:17; 42:35 Ex 2:14 Jos 10:2 (E), Dt 20:8; 31:8 Ju 7:3; 8:20 1 S 4:7; 17:11, 24; 23:3; 28:5; 31:4 = 1 Ch 10:4, 2 K 10:4 2 Ch 20:3 Ne 2:2; 6:13 Is 54:14 Je 3:8; 23:4; 26:21 Am 3:8 Jon 1:5, 10 ψ 27:3; 46:3; 49:6 (but Bae reads ראה) 56:4, 5, 12; 64:5, 10; 76:9; 112:8; 118:6 Pr 14:16 Jb 6:21; 11:15; (וּ, י)אַל־תִּירָא fear not Gn 15:1; 21:17; 35:17; 50:19, 21 Ex 20:20 Jos 10:25 (E), Gn 26:24; 43:23 Ex 14:13 Jos 8:1 (J), Dt 1:21; 20:3; 31:6 Ju 4:18; 6:23 1 S 4:20; 12:20; 22:23; 23:17; 28:13 2 S 9:7; 13:28 1 K 17:13 2 K 6:16 1 Ch 22:13; 28:20 2 Ch 20:17 Is 7:4; 35:4; 40:9; 41:10, 13, 14; 43:1, 5; 44:2; 54:4 Je 30:10; 46:27, 28 Jo 2:21, 22 Zp 3:16 Hg 2:5 Zc 8:13, 15 ψ 49:17 La 3:57 Dn 10:12, 19 Ru 3:11; יִשְׁמְעוּ וי׳ hear and fear Dt 13:12; 17:13; 19:20; 21:21; (י)ראו וי׳ see and fear ψ 40:4; 52:8 Is 41:5 Zc 9:5. †b. c. acc. rei or pers. Nu 14:9(×2) (J), 21:34 (E), Dt 3:2, 22 Ju 6:27 1 S 15:24 2 S 3:11 1 K 1:51 Is 8:12; 51:7; 57:11 Ez 3:9; 11:8 Hb 3:2 (acc. פעלךָ in corrected rhythm), ψ 23:4 Dn 1:10; acc. of God (י׳) 1 S 12:18 2 S 6:9 = 1 Ch 13:12 Is 57:11 Je 5:22 Jon 1:16 Jb 9:35; 37:24. c. with מִן be afraid of, Dt 1:29; 2:4; 7:18; 20:1; 28:10 Jos 10:8 (D) 1 S 28:20 2 K 25:24 Is 10:24; 51:12 Je 10:5; 42:11, 16 Ez 2:6(×3) Mi 7:17 ψ 3:7; 27:1; 65:9; 91:5; 112:7; 119:120 Pr 3:25; 31:21 Jb 5:21, 22 Ec 12:5; with מִפְּנֵי Dt 5:5; 7:19 Jos 9:24; 11:6 (D), 1 S 7:7; 18:29; 21:13 1 K 1:50 2 K 1:15; 19:6 (= Is 37:6) 25:26 2 Ch 20:15; 32:7 Ne 4:8 Je 1:8; 41:18; 42:11(×2); מִלִּפְנֵי 1 S 18:12, with בְּ because of, for Je 51:46. d. with inf. and לְ fear to do a thing Gn 19:30; 26:7 (J), Nu 12:8 (E), Ju 7:10 2 S 1:14; 10:19; 12:18; with infin. and מִן, afraid of doing Gn 46:3 Ex 3:6 (E), 1 S 3:15 Je 40:9 Jb 32:6. e. with פֶּן fear lest Gn 31:31 (E) 32:12 (J). 2. stand in awe of, with מן and inf. וַיִּירְאוּ מִגֶּשֶׁת אֵלָיו Ex 34:30 (P) and they stood in awe of drawing nigh unto him; יִירְאוּ מֵיהוה וגו׳ ψ 33:8 let all the earth stand in awe of Yahweh; וְיָרֵאתָ מֵאֱלהֶיךָ and thou shalt stand in awe of thy God Lv 19:14, 32; 25:17, 36, 43 (all H); with מִפְּנֵי, of the king Solomon 1 K 3:28; מִפְּנֵי י׳ אלהים Ex 9:30 (J?); מפני י׳ Hg 1:12; (אלהים) י׳ מלפני stand in awe before (God) Ec 3:14; 8:12, 13. 3. fear, reverence, honour, e.g. parents Lv 19:3 (H), Moses and Joshua Jos 4:14(×2), the oath 1 S 14:26 Ec 9:2, commandment Pr 13:13, the sanctuary Lv 19:30; 26:2 (H), other gods Ju 6:10 2 K 17:7, 35, 37, 38; elsewhere of God: a. abs. Je 44:10. b. with acc. (ה)אלהים Gn 42:18 Ex 1:17, 21; 18:21 (E), Dt 25:18 ψ 55:20; 66:16 Jb 1:1, 8, 9; 2:3 Ec 5:6; 7:18; 8:12; 12:13 Ne 7:2; יר׳ יהוה Ex 14:31 (J), Jos 22:25 (P), 24:14 (E), 1 S 12:14, 24 1 K 18:3, 12 2 K 4:1; 17:25, 28, 32, 33, 34, 41 Is 50:10 Je 26:19 Ho 10:3 Jon 1:9 Mal 3:16(×2) ψ 15:4; 22:24; 25:12; 34:10; 112:1; 115:11, 13; 118:4; 128:1, 4; 135:20 Pr 3:7; 14:2; 24:21; 31:30; יר׳ י׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ (and other sfs.) Dt 6:2, 13, 24; 10:12, 20; 14:23; 17:19; 31:12, 13 Jos 4:24 (D), 2 K 17:39 Je 5:24; with sfs. referring to Yahweh or Elohim Dt 4:10; 5:26; 8:6; 13:5 1 K 8:40, 43 = 2 Ch 6:31, 33, 2 K 17:36 Is 25:3; 29:13 Je 10:7; 32:39 Mal 2:5; 3:5 Zp 3:7 ψ 22:26; 25:14; 31:20; 33:18; 34:8, 10; 60:6; 67:8; 72:5; 85:10; 103:11, 13, 17; 111:5; 119:63, 74, 79; 145:19; 147:11; הַיָּרֵא אֶת־דְּבַר י׳ Ex 9:20 he that feared the word of Yahweh (J); the name (of Yahweh) Dt 28:58 Is 59:19 Mal 3:20 ψ 61:6; 86:11; 102:16 Ne 1:11. Niph.45 Impf. 2 m. תִּוָּרֵא ψ 130:4; Pt. נוֹרָא Gn 28:17 + 33 times; f. נוֹרָאָה Is 21:1; pl. נוֹרָאוֹת 64:2 + 5 times; נוֹרָאֹת Dt 10:21; נֹרָאוֹת 2 S 7:23; sf. נוֹרְאוֹתֶיךָ ψ 145:6;— 1. be fearful, dreadful, e.g. wilderness Dt 1:19; 8:15, land Is 21:1, people 18:2, 7 Hb 1:7, ice (in sim.) כְּעֵין הַקֶּרַח הנ׳ Ez 1:22 (del. 𝔊 Co). 2. cause astonishment and awe: of Yahweh himself ψ 47:3; 68:36; 76:8; נוֹרָא תְהִלֹּת awe-inspiring in praises Ex 15:11 (song); עַל־אלוהּ נוֹרָא הוֹד awe-inspiring majesty (is) upon Eloah Jb 37:22; c. לְ, to kings of the earth ψ 76:13; c. על of hostile nations Zp 2:11; of י׳’s doings Ex 34:10 (J) ψ 66:3, 5; (ה)נוראות wonderful, glorious things, of Messianic king 45:5; of Yahweh himself Dt 10:21 2 S 7:23 = 1 Ch 17:21 Is 64:2 ψ 106:22; 145:6; נו׳ adverbially in ψ 65:6; 139:14 Ges§ 118. 5. b DaSynt. § 70(b); יוֹם י׳ הגדול והנורא the great and awful day of Yahweh Jo 3:4 Mal 3:23 cf. Jo 2:11. 3. inspire reverence, godly fear, and awe: a. as attribute of God, לְמַעַן תִּוָּרֵא that thou mightest be revered ψ 130:4; (ה)גָּדוֹל ו(ה)נוֹרָא (the) great and awful (God) Dt 7:21; 10:17 Ne 1:5; 4:8; 9:32 Dn 9:4; with עַל, above all gods ψ 96:4 = 1 Ch 16:25; above the angels round about him ψ 89:8. b. of the name of Yahweh Dt 28:58 ψ 99:3; 111:9 Mal 1:14. c. of sacred things: מלאךְ האלהים Ju 13:6; place of theophany Gn 28:17 (E). Piel.5 Pf. 3 m. sf. יֵֽרְאֻנִי 2 S 14:15; Inf. sf. לְיָֽרְאֵנִי Ne 6:19; לְיָֽרְאָם 2 Ch 32:18; Pt. pl. מְיָֽרְאִים Ne 6:9, 14 make afraid, terrify, with acc.

βλέπω, Refs 6th c.BC+: imperfect ἔβλεπον Refs: future βλέψομαι Refs 4th c.BC+, Doric dialect infinitive βλεψεῖσθαι LXX+2nd c.AD+aorist ἔβλεψα (see. below): perfect βέβλεφα (ἀπο-) Refs 5th c.AD+; βέβλοφα (ἐμ-) Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, aorist ἐβλέφθην (προσ-) Refs 1st c.AD+perfect βέβλεμμαι to be supplied in Refs 2nd c.AD+ —chiefly in present and aorist active in early writers: middle (except future) and passive only late:—see, have the power of sight (distinct from ὁρῶ perceive, be aware of,Refs 5th c.BC+; μὴ βλέπων ὁ μάντις ᾖ lest he see too clearly, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ βλέπων the seer, Hebraism in LXX; ὀλίγον βλέπων short- sighted, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II look, βλέφ᾽ ὧδε Refs 5th c.BC+; πῶς βλέπων; with what face? Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, φιλοφρόνως, ἐχθρῶς β. πρός τιναςRefs 5th c.BC+ look terror, i. e. to look terrible, Θυιὰς ὣς φόβον βλέπων Refs 4th c.BC+; Comedy texts, ἔβλεψε νᾶπυ looked mustard, Refs 5th c.BC+; πυρρίχην βλέπων looking like a war-dancer, Refs; αἴκειαν βλέπων looking like one disgraced, Refs; σκύτη β., of a slave, Refs 5th c.BC+ adjective, μέγα β.Refs 7th c.BC+: by infinitive, ἁρπάζειν β. Refs 4th c.BC+: by participle neuter, τί πεφροντικὸς βλέπεις ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 β. ἐς look to, rely on, εἰς ἔργον οὐδὲν γιγνόμενον βλέπετε Refs 6th c.BC+; ἔς σε δὴ βλέπω, ὅπως.. in the hope that.., Refs: metaphorically also, have regard to, ἡ πολιτεία β. εἰς πλοῦτον Refs 4th c.BC+; of aspects, οἰκίαι πρὸς μεσημβρίαν βλέπουσαι.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 look longingly, expect, propose, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 look to a thing, beware, ἀπό τινος NT; τι NT+1st c.AD+; β. ἵνα.. NT; β. ἑαυτοὺς ἵνα μὴ.. NT __III transitive, see, behold, with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ αὑτοῦ βλεπόμενον self-evident, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὰ βλεπόμενα the visible universe, LXX __III.2 ζῇ τε καὶ β. φάος sees the light of day, Refs 5th c.BC+; βλέποντα νῦν μὲν ὄρθ᾽ ἔπειτα δὲ σκότον (i. e. being blind) Refs 5th c.BC+, to be alive, ζῶντα καὶ βλέποντα Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, ἀληθῆ καὶ βλέποντα actually existing, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.3 look for, μεῖζόν τι β. Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 Astrology texts of signs equidistant from the tropical points, to be in aspect, β. ἄλληλα Refs 8th c.BC+

† יָרָה vb. throw, shoot (NH shoot, Hiph. teach; Aramaic Aph. אוֹרִי teach; Ethiopic ወረወ jecit; Amh. warê is information, news, v. NöZMG 1886, 724; Assyrian ârû, lead, guide, DlHWB 241; têrtu, law, DlHA 49; Zinj. ירי set, found, DHMSendsch. 57, cf. 2 infr.—Buhl distinguished 3√ √ ירה: i. = throw, cf. mod. Arabic warra; ii. Hiph. = moisten, cf. רוה; iii. Hiph. = teach, cf. ראה, Arabic رأى, رَوَى; but evidence for this division hardly sufficient)— Qal Pf. יר׳ Ex 15:4 + 3 times; 1 s. יָרִיתִי Gn 31:51 Jos 18:6; Impf. 1 pl. sf. וַנִּירָם Nu 21:30 (SS after 𝔊 וְנִינָם, see Ges§ 76 (2) e); Imv. יְרֵה 2 K 13:17; Inf. abs. יָרֹה Ex 19:13; cstr. לִיר(וֹ)ת ψ 11:2; 64:5; Pt. יֹרֶה Pr 26:18; pl. יוֹרִים 1 Ch 10:3; יֹרִים 2 Ch 35:23;— 1. throw, cast, with acc.: cast lots Jos 18:6 (E); army into (בְּ) the sea Ex 15:4 (song). 2. cast (= lay, set), corner-stone Jb 38:6; pillar Gn 31:51 (E; v. Zinj. supr.) 3. shoot arrows, abs. Ex 19:13 (E) 2 K 13:17; acc. of arrows 1 S 20:36, 37 Pr 26:18; acc. pers. Nu 21:30 (song, E) ψ 64:5; with לְ pers. 11:2; י(וֹ)רִים archers 1 Ch 10:3 2 Ch 35:23. 4. throw water, rain: Ho 6:3, but v. יוֹרֶה" dir="rtl" >יוֹרֶה early rain (cf. Hiph. 3). Niph. Impf. יִיָּרֶה shot through (with arrows) Ex 19:13 (E). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. הֹרַנִי Jb 30:19 (הֹרָנִי Baer); הוֹרָהוּ 2 K 12:3; הוֹרֵתָ֑נִי ψ 119:102; 1 s. וְהוֹרֵיתִ֫י Ex 4:15 1 S 12:23; sf. הֹרֵיתִיךָ Pr 4:11; הוֹרֵיתִיךָ Ex 4:12; Impf. יוֹרֶה ψ 25:8 + 5 times; וַיּוֹר 2 K 13:17 (for this and other forms see Ges§ 76 (2) e); וַיֹּרֵנִי Pr 4:4; יוֹרֵנוּ Ju 13:8 + 2 times; יוֹרֶנּוּ ψ 25:12 Is 28:26; וַיּוֹרֵהוּ Ex 15:25; יֹרֵם 2 K 17:27 ψ 64:8; 2 f. sf. תּוֹרְךָ ψ 45:5; תֹּרֶ֑ךָּ Jb 12:7, 8; 2 m. sf. תּוֹרֵם 1 K 8:36 = 2 Ch 6:27; 1 s. אוֹרֶה 1 S 20:20 Jb 27:11; sf. אוֹרְךָ ψ 32:8; 3 mpl. יוֹרוּ Dt 24:8 + 3 times; יֹרוּ 2 S 11:20 2 Ch 35:23; יֹרֻהוּ ψ 64:5; יוֹרוּךָ Dt 17:10 + 2 times; Imv. sf. הֹרֵנִי Jb 34:32; הוֹרֵנִי ψ 27:11 + 2 times; pl. sf. הוֹרוּנִי Jb 6:24; Inf. cstr. הוֹרֹת Gn 46:28 + 3 times; הוֹרֹתָם Ex 24:12; Pt. מוֹרֶה 1 S 20:36 + 5 times; מֹרֶה Pr 6:13; pl. מוֹרִים 1 S 31:3 + 2 times; sf. מוֹרָ֑י Pr 5:13; מוֹרֶיךָ Is 30:20(×2);— 1. throw, cast, with ל, into the mire Jb 30:19. 2. shoot (arrows) 1 S 20:20, 36 2 S 11:20 2 K 13:17; 19:32 = Is 37:33; with ל, of pers. 2 Ch 35:23; acc. pers. ψ 64:5, 8; מוֹרִים archers 1 S 31:3(×2) 1 Ch 10:3. 3. throw water, rain: וְיוֹרֶה צֶדֶק לָכֶם Ho 10:12 and rain righteousness for you (Thes al. under 5); hence מוֹרֶה early rain (cf. Qal 4). 4. point out, shew: לְהוֹרֹת לְפָנָיו גּשְׁנָה Gn 46:28 (J) to point out before him (the way) to Goshen; מֹרֶה בְּאֶצְבְּעֹתָיו Pr 6:13 pointing out with his fingers; acc. pers. et rei Ex 15:25 (JE) ψ 45:5 Jb 6:24. 5. direct, teach, instruct: a. of men, abs. Bezalel in handicraft Ex 35:34 (P); c. acc. pers., a father his son Pr 4:4; the ancients Job Jb 8:10; the animals and the earth, the friends of Job 12:7, 8; c. 2 acc. Is 28:9; בּדֶרֶךְ in the way 1 S 12:23 ψ 25:8; 32:8 Pr 4:11; בְּיַד־אֵל concerning the hand of Ēl Jb 27:11.—מוֹרֶה שֶׁקֶר teaching lies is used of prophet Is 9:14. b. specially of the authoritative direction (v. תּוֹרָה) given by priests on matters of ceremonial observance, with acc. rei and לְ pers. Dt 33:10 (song), they teach thy judgments to Jacob, and thy direction (law) to Israel; double acc. 17:10, 11 according to the direction, wherewith they direct thee; 24:8 (on leprosy), Lv 10:11 (P), abs. 14:57 (P), 2 Ch 15:3 כֹּהֵן מוֹרֶה, Ez 44:23 the Zadokite priests את־עמי יֹרוּ בֵּין קֹדֶשׁ לְחֹל; Mi 3:11 the priests give such ‘direction’ for hire; less technically, of Moses Ex 24:12 (E), of Jehoiada 2 K 12:3, of the Samaritan priests 2 K 17:27, 28. c. of God; c. acc. pers. Is 28:26 ψ 119:102; double acc. Ex 4:12, 15 (J), Ju 13:8 Jb 34:32 1 K 8:36 (= אֶל הַדֶּרֶךְ 2 Ch 6:27), ψ 27:11; 86:11; 119:33; acc. pers. בְּדֶרֶךְ ψ 25:12; מִדְּרָכָיו of his ways Is 2:3 = Mi 4:2. d. of idol-image Hb 2:18 (מוֹרֶה שָׁ֑קֶר), v 19.

θεωρ-έω:— passive, future -ηθήσομαιRefs 2nd c.AD+: future middle in passivesense,Refs 2nd c.AD+: (θεωρός):—to be a θεωρός Refs 5th c.BC+; of the states which sent θεωροί, οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐθεώρουν ἐς τὰ Ἴσθμια Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 to be sent to consult an oracle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of spectators at games, τὰ Ὀλύμπια Refs 5th c.BC+; θ. τινά to see him act, Refs 5th c.BC+; to go as a spectator, ἐς τὰ Ἐφέσια Refs 5th c.BC+; see entry ὀβολός Refs __III look at, behold, γῆν πολλήν Refs 5th c.BC+; inspect, review soldiers, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, gaze, gape, ἑστηκὼς θ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 of the mind, contemplate, consider, αὐτῇ τῇ ψυχῇ αὐτὴν τὴν ψυχὴν θ. Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by an interrogative, τοῦτο θ., εἰ τἀληθῆ λέγω Refs 4th c.BC+; θ. τι ἔκ τινος to judge of one thing by another, τὴν ἔννοιαν ἐκ τῶν ἔργων Refs 4th c.BC+; θ. τι πρός τι compare one thing with another, Refs 4th c.BC+; θ. [τι τεκμηρίοις] Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2.b observe, θ. μᾶλλον τοὺς πέλας δυνάμεθα ἢ ἑαυτούς Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, τεθεώρηται τοῦτο μάλιστα ἐπὶ τῶν περιστερῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; λόγῳ θεωρεῖσθαι, of objects not accessible to sense, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III.2.c perceive, with infinitive, ἀναγκαῖον ὑπάρχειν Refs 1st c.BC+ __III.2.d absolutely, speculate, theorize, ἀκριβῶς, φορτικῶς, Refs 4th c.BC+; λογικῶς, φυσικῶς, Refs; θ. ἔκ τινος to conclude by observation from..,Refs —passive, ἡ παρὰ τοῖς Ἕλλησι τεθεωρημένη μάθησις Ael.Tact.Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. חָזָה vb. (almost wholly poet.) see, behold (Aramaic ܚܙܳܐ, חֲזָא, see, perceive with the eyes; Palm. Ethp. אתחזי = ἔδοξεν Reckendorf ZMG, 1888, 397; Arabic حَزَى, perceive with the inner vision, only; حَازٍ astronomer, astrologer)— Qal Pf. ח׳ ψ 58:11 + 6 times; חָזִיתָ Pr 22:29; 29:20; חָזִית Is 57:8; חָזִיתִי Jb 15:17; חֲזִיתִךָ ψ 63:3; חָ֥זוּ Jb 24:1 + 5 times; חֲזִיתֶם Jb 27:12 Ez 13:7, 8; Impf. יֶחֱזֶה Nu 24:4 + 2 times; 3 fs. וְתַ֫חַז Mi 4:11; 2 ms. תֶּחֱזֶה Ex 18:21; 1 s. אֶחֱזֶה ψ 17:15 + 4 times; אָ֫חַז Jb 23:9; pl. יֶחֱזוּ Is 26:11 + 4 times; יֶחֱזָ֑יוּן Is 26:11; תֶּחֱזֶ֫ינָת Is 33:17 + 2 times; תֶּחֱזוּ Is 30:10 Ct 7:1; 1 pl. וְנֶחֱזֶת Ct 7:1; Imv. חֲזֵה Is 33:20; 48:6; חֲזוּ ψ 46:9 Is 30:10; Inf. cstr. חֲזוֹת ψ 27:4 Ez 21:34; Pt. חֹזֶה Ez 12:27; pl. חֹזִים Is 47:13 Ez 13:9, 16; 22:28. (All other ptc. forms are used as nouns, v. חֹזֶה.) 1. see, behold: a. with the eye, acc. rei ψ 58:9, 11 Pr 22:29; 29:20 Is 33:20; 57:8; God in theophany Ex 24:11 (JE); God, after death, apart from the flesh Jb 19:26, 27; the face of God ψ 11:7; 17:15 (after death). b. subj. the eyes themselves; man’s eyes: תֶּחֱזֶינָה עֵינֶיךָ thine eyes will behold Is 33:17; also of God’s eyes: ψ 11:4; 17:2. c. with בְּ look on (intensely, with gratification); a damsel Ct 7:1, 1; Zion Mi 4:11; נֹעַם י׳ in the temple ψ 27:4; the work of God Jb 36:25; with investigation בַּכּוֹכָבִים on the stars, as stargazers, in astrology Is 47:13. 2. see as a seer in the ecstatic state, with acc. of the vision seen: חזון Is 1:1 Ez 12:27; 13:16; מחזה Nu 24:4, 16 (JE; poet., Balaam); מחזה שׁוא Ez 13:7; משּׂא Is 13:1 Hb 1:1; משׂאות שׁוא La 2:14; שׁוא Ez 13:6, 9, 23; 21:34; 22:28 La 2:14; כזב Ez 13:8; שֶׁקֶר Zc 10:2; obj. deceitful things Is 30:10; דבר(ים) Is 2:1 Am 1:1 Mi 1:1; with לְ, be a seer, for any one Is 30:10; see a vision for one La 2:14, 14. 3. see, perceive: a. with the intelligence, abs. Jb 34:32 Pr 24:32; acc. rei Is 48:6; Yahweh in his temple ψ 63:3; in his providential workings Jb 23:9 ψ 46:9 Is 26:11(×2). b. see, by experience abs. Jb 27:12; acc. rei Jb 15:17; 24:1. c. provide, תחזה מכל העם אנשׁי חיל Ex 18:21 provide from all the people men of ability (E). Note. —בֵּית אֲבָנִים יֶחֱזֶה Jb 8:17 is difficult: RV renders he (it) beholdeth the place of stones (the root of the plant personified) Hengst, cf. Reuss al. after 𝔖 𝔗. Other renderings are: pierceth (cf. חָזַז) Bö Ew Hi (יְחַזֶּה), Di De MV; between (v. p. 108) the stones it liveth (יִחְיֶה) 𝔊 Siegf.

† I. [נָכַר] vb. (not Qal) regard, recognize (NH Hiph. know, be acquainted with; 𝔗 Aph. id.; Syriac Aph. ܐܰܟܰܪ id.; cf. also Arabic نَكِرَ in sense be shrewd, appar. rare, cf. نُكْرٌ cunning Lane 2850 a. v. p. 1125);— Niph. Pf. 3 mpl. לֹא נִכְּרוּ La 4:8 they are not recognized. Pi. Pf. לֹא נִכַּר שׁוֹעַ לִפְנֵי־דָ֑ל Jb 34:19 he regardeth not the opulent above the poor (‖ לֹא־נָשָׂא פְּנֵי שָׂרִים); Impf. לֹא תְנַכֵּ֑רוּ Jb 21:29 do ye not recognize their tokens. Hiph. Pf. הִכִּיר Dt 33:9; Dn 11:39 Kt; sf. הִכִּירוֹ Gn 27:23; 3 pl. הִכִּירוּ Ju 18:3 + 2 times, sf. הִכִּירֻהוּ Jb 2:12, הִכִּרֻהוּ Gn 42:8; Impf. יַכִּיר Dt 21:17 + 3 times + Dn 11:39 Qr; וַיַּכֵּר Gn 38:26 +; sf. וַיַּכִּרֵ֫הוּ 1 K 18:7, יַכִּירֶ֫נּוּ Jb 7:10, וַיַּכִּירָהּ Gn 37:33, etc.; Imv. הַֽכֶּר־ Gn 31:32 + 2 times; Inf. abs. הַכֵ��ֽר־ (Ginsb van d. H. הַֽכֶּר־) Pr 24:23; 28:21; cstr. sf. הַכִּירֵנִי Ru 2:10; Pt. מַכִּיר ψ 142:5, sf. מַכִּירֵךְ Ru 2:19, etc.;— 1. regard, observe, especially with a view to recognition, c. obj. cl., Gn 31:32; 37:32; 38:25; pay attention to, c. acc. pers. Ru 2:10, 19; acc. rei (of God) Jb 34:25; acc. rei om. 2 S 3:36; י׳ subj. כֵּן אַכִּיר … לְטוֹבָה Je 24:5 so will I regard the exiles … for good; Antiochus subj. Dn 11:39; הִכִּיר פָּנִים pay regard to (shew partiality, = נָשָׂא פְּנֵי פ׳) Dt 1:17; 16:19 (‖ הִטָּה מִשְׁפָּט), Pr 24:23; 28:21. 2. Recognize (as formerly known) c. acc. pers. vel rei, Gn 27:23; 37:33; 38:26 (all J), 42:7, 8(×2) (E), 1 K 18:7; 20:41; Jb 2:12; proverb. בְּטֶרֶם יַכִּיר אִישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵהוּ Ru 3:14 before a man could recognize his fellow (i.e. before dawn); recognize voice (קוֹל), Ju 18:3; 1 S 26:17; = perceive the true situation, וָאַכִּירָה וְהִנֵּה Ne 6:12 and I perceived, and lo! God had not sent him. 3. Be willing to recognize, acknowledge Dt 21:17; 33:9; Is 63:16 (‖ יָדַע), ψ 142:5; acknowledge with honour Is 61:9. 4. Be acquainted with, לֹא יַכִּירֶנּוּ עוֹד מְקוֹמוֹ Jb 7:10 his place shall be acquainted with him no more (he shall be gone and forgotten), cf. ψ 103:16; c. acc. rei Jb 24:13, 17. 5. Distinguish, understand, הִכִּיר קוֹל … לְקוֹל Ezr 3:13 could not distinguish, etc.; cf. Jb 4:16 could not distinguish its appearance; הִכִּיר לְדַבֵּר Ne 13:24 understand how to speak, etc. Hithp. Impf. יִתְנַכֶּר־נָ֑עַר Pr 20:11 by his deeds a youth maketh himself known, whether his doing be pure, etc.

† חֲזָה vb. see, behold (v. BH);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Dn 4:20; 7:1; 2 ms. חֲזַ֫יְתָ 2:43 +, -תָה 2:41(×2); 1 s. חֲזֵית v 26 +; 2 mpl. חֲזֵיתוּן 2:8; Pe. Inf. לְמֶחֱזֵא֑ Ezr 4:14; Pt. act. חָזֵה Dn 2:31 + 14 times; pl. חָזַ֫יִן 3:27; 5:23; pass. חֲזֵה 3:19;— 1. see, have sense of sight Dn 5:23. 2. see, behold: a. acc. pers. 3:25, c. ל v 27, acc. rei 5:5. b. see, witness dishonour of king (acc.) Ezr 4:14. 3. usually behold in dream or vision (often pt. in periphrast. conj.), acc. pers., Dn 4:20, acc. rei 2:41(×2), 43; 4:17, abs. 2:34; 7:4, 7, 9, 11(×2), 21, + אֲלוּ 2:31; 4:7, 10, אֲרוּ 7:2, 6, 13; c. obj. cl. 2:8, 45; behold a dream, acc. חֵלֶם, 2:26; 4:2, 6, 15; 7:1. 4. pass. = customary (seemly) Dn 3:19 (so 𝔗 Lv 5:10 al., v. Dr).

ἀναβλέπω, future -βλέψωRefs 5th c.BC+ -βλέψομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist -έβλεψαRefs 5th c.BC+ [same place], etc.:—look up, Refs 5th c.BC+: especially as a mark of confidence, ἀ. ὀρθοῖς ὄμμασινRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. πρός τινα ἐκ τοῦ ἴσου look him in the face, Cyr.Refs __2 with accusative, look up at, φῶς ἀναβλέψεσθεRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 with accusative cognate, ἀ. φλόγα cast up a glance of fire, Refs __II recover one's sight, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.2 open one's eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III metaphorically, revive, ᾧ δῶμ᾽ ἀνέβλεφ᾽Refs 5th c.BC+

θεάομαι, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect θηέομαι (see. below), Doric dialect θᾱέομαι, Θάομαι (which see), imperative θεῶ Refs 5th c.BC+; optative θηοῖο (for Attic dialect θεῷο) Refs 8th c.BC+; participle θηεύμενος Refs 5th c.BC+imperfect ἐθηεῖτο, ἐθηεῦντο, Refs; Epic dialect θηεῖτο Refs 8th c.BC+ poetical cited in Refs 1st c.BC+future θεάσομαι [ᾱ], Ionic dialect -ήσομαι: aorist ἐθεᾱσάμην, Epic dialect optative θηήσαιο, θηήσαιτο, Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἐθηήσαντο Refs 3rd c.BC+; Ionic dialect infinitive θεήσασθαι (variant{θεάσ-}) Refs 5th c.BC+: Attic dialect perfect τεθέαμαι Refs 5th c.BC+ is found in θησαίατ᾽ Refs 8th c.BC+:—gaze at, behold, mostly with a sense of wonder, θηεῦντο μέγα ἔργον Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐθεᾶτο.. τὴν θέσιν τῆς πόλεως.., ὡς ἔχοι reconnoitred it, Refs 5th c.BC+; do you see? Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 of the mind, contemplate, τὸ ἀληθές Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b see clearly, ἵν᾽ ἴδητε καὶ θεάσησθε ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 view as spectators, especially in the theatre, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ θεώμενοι the spectators, Refs 5th c.BC+ (but also, onlookers, bystanders, Refs 5th c.BC+ to be spectators of the war, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 θ. τὸ στράτευμα to review it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II active θεάω, late, Baillet Tombeaux des rois à Thèbes Refs 4th c.AD+aorist ἐθεάθην in passive sense, Ps. -Callisth.NT+1st c.AD+: present θεῶνται Refs 2nd c.AD+

† II. [שׁוּר] vb. behold, regard (especially Jb);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יָשׁוּר Je 5:26, sf. יְשׁוּרֶנּוּ Jb 34:29, etc.; Imv. ms. שׁוּר Jb 35:5;— 1. behold, c. acc. pers. Nu 23:9; 24:17 (poems in JE, ‖ רָאָה), לֹא תְּשׁוּרֵנִי, subj. eye, Jb 24:15, and (= I shall not exist) 7:8, cf. 20:9 (subj. מְקוֹמוֹ), 17:15; God object 34:29; 35:14; look, gaze, abs., מִן loc. Ct 4:8. 2. regard with watchful care (subj. י׳) Ho 14:9; so, = notice, Jb 35:13; regard, observe, acc. rei, God’s word Jb 33:14 (Hi De Da al.), so, (reading 2 ms.), Siegf Bu; Du יְשִׁיבֶנָּה he (God) retracts it not. 3. watch stealthily, lie in wait, כְּנָמֵר עַל־דֶּרֶךְ אָשׁוּר Ho 13:7 (subj. י׳; Meinh Marti אֶשְׁקֹד; 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 We Now al. אַשּׁוּר), Je 5:26 (subj. wicked).—Jb 33:27 v. שׁיר" dir="rtl" >שׁיר.

† [עַפְעַף] n.m. Je 9:17 eyelid (NH id.; from fluttering?);—only du. cstr. (v. infr.) and sf. עַפְעַפַּי Jb 16:16 ψ 132:4, עַפְעַפֶּיךָ Pr 4:25; 6:4, etc.;—eyelids, usually nearly = eyes (6 times ‖ עֵינַיִם), as weeping, עַפְעַפֵּינוּ Je 9:17; closed in sleep ψ 132:4 Pr 6:4, cf. of צַלְמָוֶת Jb 16:16; looking Pr 4:25 cf. ψ 11:4 (of י׳, testing men); used seductively by wanton women Pr 6:25; raised, in arrogance (‘superciliousness’) 30:13; fig. עַפְעַפֵּי־שָׁ֑חַר Jb 3:9 eyelids of dawn, break of dawn, 41:10 (sim.).

παρατηρ-έω, watch closely, θεία φύσις -τηροῦσα τὰς τῶν ζῴν ἐξόδους Refs 4th c.BC+; of a general, π. τόπους Refs 2nd c.BC+; σφᾶς αὐτοὺς π. Refs; observe, -τετηρηκότες μόνον (opposed to scientific explanation) Refs 5th c.BC+: by a participle. π. [ὄρνιθα] ἀποδυόμενον Refs 4th c.BC+; with evil design, lie in wait for, watch one's opportunity, absolutely, Refs; ἐνεδρεύειν καὶ π. Refs 2nd c.BC+ W.:—middle, παρετηροῦντο αὐτὸν οἱ Φαρισαῖοι NT:—passive, ὑπό τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; to be kept under ob servation, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2. take care, ὅπως μὴ.. Refs 4th c.BC+; π. ἵνα.. Refs 1st c.BC+ __3. observe carefully, τὸ μέτριον Refs 4th c.BC+:—Med, observe religiously, ἡμέρας καὶ μῆνας NT+1st c.AD+

σκοπ-έω, used by early writers only in present and imperfect active and middle (see. below 11), the other tenses being supplied by σκέπτομαι (which see):—but in later writers we find future σκοπήσω, Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist ἐσκόπησα Refs 4th c.BC+middle, aorist ἐσκοπησάμην (περι-) Refs 2nd c.AD+perfect ἐσκόπημαι (προαν-) Refs 1st c.AD+:—behold, contemplate (rather of particulars than of universals, of which θεωρέω is more commonly used, but οἱ τὸν ἥλιον ἐκλείποντα θεωροῦντες καὶ σκοπούμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+; examine, inspect, καταθεῖναί τι.. σκοπεῖν τῷ βουλομένῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. παραγραφάς Refs 5th c.BC+; σκοπεῖτε look out, watch, Refs 4th c.BC+: followed by a clause, σ. ὅπου.. Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by a preposition, σ. εἰς.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, look to or into, consider, examine, τὰ ἑωυτοῦ σ. look to one's own affairs, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοὺς νόμους πρὸς τοὺς τῇδε with reference to the laws here, Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by an accusative and interrogative clause, or μή.., σ. τὴν τελευτὴν κῇ ἀποβήσεται Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by an interrogative clause alone, σ. πόθεν χρὴ ἄρξασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅπως.. Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes with genitive person as well as accusative or clause, σκόπει δὴ τόδε αὐτῶν Refs 5th c.BC+: followed by a preposition, ἐξ ὧν ἀγγέλλουσι σκοποῦντες λογιεῖσθε τὰ εἰκότα Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ὀρθολογίαν περί τι Refs adverb, absolutely, ὀρθῶς σRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 look out for, παῦλαν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II middle, used like active 1.1 (perhaps implying a more deliberate consideration), with accusative, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 =Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 =Refs 5th c.BC+ __III rarely in passive, σκοπῶν καὶ σκοπούμενος ὑπ᾽ ἄλλων considering and being considered, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ λόγος.. αἰσχρὸς τοῖς σκοπουμένοις is disgraceful in the very matter considered, Refs 4th c.BC+

προορ-άω, future πρόψομαι: perfect προεόρᾱκα: (compare προεῖδον):— see before one, look forward to, τὰ ἔμπροσθεν Refs 5th c.BC+; see what is just before the eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, look before one or forward, εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 foresee, τὸ μέλλον γίνεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with genitive, take thought or care, make provision for.., σεωυτοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+. α᾽: absolutely, τὸ προορᾶν.. σευ your thoughtfulness, Refs __4 see previously, NT __II middle, with perfect and pluperfect passive, look before one, δυοῖν ὀφθαλμοῖν προεωρᾶτο Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 foresee, ἐς οἷα φέρονται Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 provide for, τὸ ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; make provision, περὶ τῶν μελλόντων Refs 5th c.BC+; π. μή c.infinitive, cavere ne.., Refs 4th c.BC+

ἀναθεωρ-έω, examine carefully, Refs 4th c.BC+; consider a second time, Refs 4th c.BC+

ἐπισκοπ-έω, future -σκέψομαι, later -σκοπήσωRefs 2nd c.AD+aorist -εσκεψάμην, later -εσκόπησαRefs 2nd c.AD+: perfect ἐπέσκεμμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; also in passive sense, Refs 4th c.BC+:—look upon or at, inspect, observe, ἱστορίας καὶ τἆλλα ἔγγραφα Refs 2nd c.BC+ (also in middle, ἐ. τὸ περίχωμα Refs 3rd c.BC+; regard, τἄμ᾽ ἐ. κακά Refs 5th c.BC+; of tutelary gods, Θηβαΐας ἐπισκοποῦντ᾽ ἀγυιάς, of Bacchus, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὦ Δῆμ᾽, ἐναργῶς ἡ θεός σ᾽ ἐπισκοπεῖ Refs 5th c.BC+; also of a ruler, ἐ. τὴν πολιτείαν Refs 5th c.BC+ observed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. μή.. take care lest, NT __2. visit, ὦ θάνατε, νῦν μ᾽ ἐπίσκεψαι μολών Refs 5th c.BC+; visit as a friend (ironically), Refs 4th c.BC+; especially visit the sick, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the physician, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—middle, Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, εὐνὴν ὀνείροις οὐκ ἐπισκοπουμένην visited not by dreams, i.e. sleepless, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3. of a general, inspect, review, τὰς τάξεις Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ὅπλα Refs 4th c.BC+ __4. consider, reflect, meditate, ὅ τι ἂν μέλλῃς ἐρεῖν, πρότερον ἐπισκόπει τῇ γνώμῃ Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἐ. πρός τι Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, examine with oneself, meditate, Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, perfect (see.above). __5. exercise the office of ἐπίσκοπος, variant in NT

ἐποπτ-εύω, (ἐπόπτης) overlook, watch, of an overseer, ἔργα τ᾽ ἐποπτεύεσκε Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ πάντ᾽ ἐ. τάδε ἥλιοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 visit, punish, κότῳ Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 absolutely, keep watch, οἱ περὶ τοὺς νόμους ἐποπτεύοντες Refs 5th c.BC+ __II become an ἐπόπτης, be admitted to the highest gkade at the mysteries, Refs 1st c.AD+: with accusative, view as an ἐπόπτης, Refs 5th c.BC+: proverbial, of attaining to the highest earthly happiness, ἐποπτεύειν δοκῶ Refs 5th c.BC+ __III study, meditate on, with dative, καθαρῇσιν ἐ. μελέτῃσιν Refs 5th c.BC+

εἴσοπτρον (so Refs 3rd c.AD+, mostly in the form ἔσοπτρον, τό, (ὄψομαι) looking-glass, mirror, Refs 5th c.BC+

† פִּקֵּחַ adj. seeing;—פ׳ Ex 4:11 (opp. עִוֵּר); pl. פִּקְחִים, fig., 23:8 clear-sighted ones (cf. [עָוַר]).

† I. [שָׂבַר] vb. inspect, examine (van d. H. שֹׁבֵר [so 𝔊 συντρίβων], but Mas. שׂ׳ v. Norzi; hence connex. with Arabic سَبَرَ probe a wound, try, examine, improb., and this (according to Frä261) denom. from Aramaic loan-word; improb. also is connex. with Aramaic סְבַר think (cf. foll.), KauAram. im AT, 85);— Qal Pt. שֹׂבֵר, c. ב obj., Ne 2:13, 15 I examined into the wall, inspected it closely.

αἰσθ-άνομαι (compare αἴσθομαι), Ionic dialect 3rd.pers.plural optative αἰσθανοίατοRefs 5th c.BC+: imperfect ῃσθανόμην: future αἰσθήσομαιLXX+5th c.BC+aorist 2 ᾐσθόμην: perfect ᾔσθημαι: later, aorist 1 ᾐσθησάμηνLXX+4th c.BC+:—perceive, apprehend by the senses, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἰ. τῇ ἀκοῇ, τῇ ὀσμῇ, Refs 5th c.BC+; hear, βοήνRefs; τινὸς ὑποστενούσης αἰ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of mental perception, perceive, understand, τῇ γνώμῃ αἰσθέσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+:— hear, learn, see below Refsyou are right, Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾔσθημαι, in parenthesis, Refs __II Construct. in both senses, with genitive, take notice of, have perception of, τῶν κακῶνRefs 5th c.BC+; αἰ. ὑπό τινος learn from one, Refs 5th c.BC+:—frequently with participle agreeing with subject, αἰσθάνομαι κάμνωνRefs 5th c.BC+; agreeing with object, τυράννους ἐκπεσόντας ᾐσθόμηνRefs 5th c.BC+: less frequently with accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἰ. ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ᾔσθετο ὅτι τὸ στράτευμα ἦν.. Refs 5th c.BC+; οὕνεκα.. Refs 5th c.BC+ — _absolutely_, αἰσθανόμενος having full possession of one's faculties, τῇ ἡλικίᾳRefs 5th c.BC+; sensible, of keen perception, καὶ μετρίως αἰσθανομένῳ φανερόνRefs 5th c.BC+ —The passive is supplied by αἴσθησιν παρέχω,compare αἴσθησιςRefs __III display feeling, Refs 4th c.BC+

αἴσθ-ησις, εως, ἡ, sense-perception, sensation, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ σώματος ἡ αἴ. Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς αἴσθησιν perceptibly, Refs 1st c.BC+: in plural, the senses, Refs 3rd c.AD+; δι᾽ ἑπτὰ σχημάτων αἱ αἰ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπ᾽ ὄψεως ἤ τινος ἄλλῃς αἰ. Refs; organ or seat of sensation, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἴ. πημάτων perception, sense of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of pain, Refs; also of the mind, perception, knowledge of a thing, ἐν αἰ. γενέσθαι τινόςRefs 1st c.AD+; αἴ. ἔχειν τινός, ={αἰσθάνεσθαί τινος}, have a perception of a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+ —also of things, αἴσθησιν ἔχειν give a perception, i.e. become perceptible, serving as passive to αἰσθάνομαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; αἴ. παρέχειν τινός furnish the means of observing, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II in object. sense, impressions of sense, Refs 4th c.BC+; stage-effects, Po. Refs; αἰσθήσεις θεῶν visible appearances of the gods, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 display of feeling, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 in hunting, scent, Refs 5th c.BC+—Confined to Prose in early writers, except Refs 5th c.BC+

αἰσθ-ητήριον, τό, organ of sense, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ αἰ., opposed to ἡ διάνοια, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ αἰ. the faculties, LXX+NT

ἀνάβλεψις, εως, ἡ, looking up, seeing, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II recovery of sight, LXX+NT

ἐπόπτ-ης, ου, ὁ, (ἐπόψομαι) overseer, watcher, especially of a god, Πυθῶνος LXX+5th c.BC+; title of Poseidon, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the Sun, Refs 1st c.AD+; δαίμονες ἐ. τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. γῆς καὶ θαλάσσης, of Pompey, Refs; of Augustus, Refs; ἐ. εἰρήνης, of a police magistrate, Refs 4th c.AD+ __2 simply, spectator, πόνων Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 inspector, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II one admitted to the highest grade of the mysteries, Refs 1st c.AD+; τινος NT

θεωρ-ία, Ionic dialect θεωρίη, Doric dialect θεᾱρία (see. below), Boeotian dialect θιαωρία Ἐφ.Ἀρχ. 1892.34: ἡ:— sending of θεωροί or state-ambassadors to the oracles or games, or, collectively, the θεωροί themselves, embassy, mission, θεωρίαν ἀπάγειν εἰς Δῆλον Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄγειν τῷ Διὶ τῷ Νεμείῳ τὴν κοινὴν ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 office of θεωρός, discharge of that office, τῆς Ὀλυμπίαζε θ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II being a spectator at the theatre or games, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III viewing, beholding, θεωρίης εἵνεκεν ἐκδημεῖν to go abroad to see the world, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατὰ θεωρίης πρόφασινRefs 5th c.BC+; pilgrimage, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 of the mind, contemplation, consideration, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ τῶν ἀρχῶν, ἡ τῶν ὅλων θ., Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ φύσεως θ. Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2.b theory, speculation, opposed to practice, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὰ στρατόπεδα θ. Refs; αἱ νυκτεριναὶ καὶ ἡμεριναὶ θ. theoretic reckoning of night and day, Refs; ἡ μαθηματικὴ θ. Refs 1st c.AD+ __III.3 passive, sight, spectacle, Refs 4th c.BC+; especially public spectacle at the theatre or games, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ τοῦ Διονύσου θ. the Dionysia, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.4 Rhet., explanatory preface to a μελέτη, Refs 6th c.AD+: so in Philos., continuous exposition, Refs 6th c.AD+

κατοπτρ-ίζω, show as in a mirror or by reflexion, τοῦ-ίζοντος [τὴν ἶριν] ἀστέρος Refs:—passive, to be mirrored, Refs __II middle, look into a mirror, behold oneself in it, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 behold as in a mirror, ἰδέαν NT+1st c.AD+ (but here perhaps reflect).

ὁρ-ᾱτός, ή, όν, to be seen, visible, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to νοητός, Refs; compare ὁρατικός. adverb -τῶςRefs 4th c.BC+

παραθεωρ-έω, examine a thing beside another, compare, πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους ἐμαυτόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 keep in mind, take into account, ποσαχῶς.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II take slight notice of, overlook, Refs 1st c.BC+:—passive, NT+1st c.BC+

παρατήρ-ησις, εως, ἡ, observation, διειλημμένοι εἰς παρατήρησιν kept under surveillance, Aen.Refs 5th c.BC+; ποιεῖσθαι τὴν π. Refs 1st c.AD+; μετὰ παρατηρήσεως so that it can be observed, NT.Luke.17.20: in bad sense, close observation, to detect faults, etc., Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐνέδρα καὶ π. Refs 1st c.AD+; empirical observation, opposed to λογισμός, Refs 2nd c.AD+; so κατὰ ἱστορίαν ἢ π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2. observance of rules, etc., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3. remark, note, παρατηρήσεως ἄξια Refs 5th c.BC+; ψιλὴ π. bare notice, Refs 2nd c.AD+

προβλέπω, foresee, ὅτι ἥξει ἡ ἡμέρα LXX; provide against, Refs 1st c.BC+; provide, θανάτου μνημόσυνον Refs:—middle, θεοῦ περὶ ἡμῶν τι προβλεψαμένου NT

† [הָכַר] vb. only Qal or Hiph. (Ges§ 53 R. 4 Köi 251) Impf. 2 mpl. תַּהְכְּרוּ in phrase לֹא־תֵבֹשׁ��ּ תַּהְכְּרוּ־לִי Jb 19:3, sense very dubious; Schult Thes De al. (as Hiph.) ye cause me (לְ = acc.) to wonder (cf. Arabic هَكَرَ ); others (as Qal) ye deal hardly with, wrong me (so context seems rather to require, v. Ges in Add 84 RobGes. Ew Di Da RV; cf. Arabic حَكَرَ wrong, detract from; Codd. read תחכרו, which is preferable, if this meaning be adopted; 𝔊 ἐπίκεισθέ μοι, 𝔙 opprimentes); conjectures are תְּחָֽרְפוּ Ol Hiob; תַּחַבְרוּ אֵלָ֑י Me; Siegf תִּתְחַבְּרוּ.

—

† רְאִי n.m. mirror;—כִּ׳ מוּצָק Jb 37:18 (sim.).

† [רָזַם] vb. wink, flash (of eyes) (transp. [textual error?] for Arabic رَمَزَ, Aramaic רְמַו, ܪܡܰܙ; so NH רָמַז (rare), רֶמֶר sign, intimation);— Qal Impf. 3 mpl. וּמַה־יִּרְזְמוּן עֵינֶיךָ Jb 15:12 (Codd. ירמזון) why do thine eyes flash (in wrath)? but possibly read יְרוּמוּן (Pr 6:17; 30:13, etc., cf. Bu).