Nearness and Approach

I. [קָרֵב], קָרַב, vb. come near, approach (NH approach, be offered; Assyrian ḳarâbu, approach; Arabic قَرِبَ, قَرُبَ be near, approach; so Ethiopic ቀርበ: Sab. קרב approach a woman (sexually, v. 1 a infr.), DHMHofmus. No. 6. 1. 2, but also gen. דֿ רחק וקרב he who is far and he who is near CISiv, no. 95, 7, 8 cf. SabDenkmNo. 12, 9, 10; Aramaic קְרֵב, ܩܪܶܒ, approach; also, = oblation, Sab. קרבן DHMZMG xxx (1876), 672 Arabic قُرْبَانٌ, Old Aramaic קרבן, 𝔗 קוּרְבָּנָא, Syriac ܩܽܘܪܒܳܢܳܐ; cf. Assyrian kurbannu (כ), DlHWB 351);— Qal93 Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Gn 20:4 +; 3 fs. קָרֵ֑בָה Zp 3:2, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְרַב Gn 37:18 + etc.; Imv. ms. קְרַב 2 S 20:16 +, קָ֫רְבָה ψ 69:19; mpl. קִרְבוּ Ex 16:9; Inf. abs. קָרוֹב Ec 4:17 De Siegf Ol§ 249c Sta§ 642c Köi. 175; cstr. קְרֹב ψ 27:2; 32:9, לְקָרְבָה Ex 36:2, etc.;—approach: 1. a. c. אֶל pers. (27 times) Gn 37:18; Nu 18:4; Mal 3:5 (+ לַמִּשְׁפָּט), Jon 1:6 +; in kindness 1 K 2:7, of י׳ to help ψ 69:19; for war, battle, Ex 14:20; Ju 20:24; unto God †1 S 14:36 (+ הֲלוֹם), Zp 3:2, י׳ †Ez 44:15; Is 48:16; approach sexually, of man, †Gn 20:4; Is 8:3; Dt 22:14; Lv 18:6, 14, 19; (H) Ez 18:6; of woman †Lv 20:16 (אֶל of beast); ק׳ אֵלֶיךָ Is 65:5 = keep to thyself (‖ אַל־תִּגַּשׁ־בִּי); c. עַל pers., in hostility, ψ 27:2 (+ inf. purpose), so prob. מִקְרָב־לִי ψ 55:19 that none may approach me (ק׳ inf. cstr., so Che Bae Dr, > n. = battle). b. אֶל loc. Ex 32:19; Dt 2:37; 20:10; Jos 8:5; Pr 5:8; אֶל rei Jos 3:3; Ez 42:14; 44:16; Lv 22:3; (H), Ex 36:2 + 5 times P; עַל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ 2 K 16:12; אֶל־הַמִּלְחָמָה Dt 20:2. †c. לִפְנֵי pers. (י׳) Ex 16:9; Lv 16:1 ψ 119:169 (of cry); before men Nu 9:6; Jos 17:4. †d. מוּל gent. Dt 2:19. †e. ב loc. Ju 19:13 ψ 91:10 (of evil). †f. ל loc. Jb 33:22; adv. loc. הֲלֹם Ex 3:5, הֵ֫נָּה Is 57:3 (cf. g, 2 S 20:16). †g. draw near for a purpose, c. Inf. 1 S 17:48; 2 S 15:5; Dt 25:11; Ex 12:48; Lv 21:17; Nu 17:5; Is 34:1; Ec 4:17, + (Inf. om.) Lv 21:18; c. וְ subord. 2 S 20:16 (+ עַד־הֵ֫נָּה); c. לַמִּשְׁפָּט Is 41:1 (cf. a. Mal 3:5); + Imv. Dt 5:24; Jos 10:24; Lv 10:4, + Impf. Jos 10:24; Lv 10:5. h. abs. (15 times) Jos 7:14(×3) (technically of approach to sanctuary, for trial by lot), Is 5:19 (of י׳’s counsel), 41:5 +, La 3:57 (of י׳, to help); וַתִּק׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 K 20:29 i.e. the battle was joined; of calamities Ez 9:1, ק׳ קִצֵּנוּ La 4:18. †2. of time, draw near, Gn 27:41; Dt 15:9; Ez 12:23; spec. ק׳ יְמֵי פ׳ לָמוּת Gn 47:29; Dt 31:14; 1 K 2:1. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנִקְרַב אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים Ex 22:7 he shall be brought unto God (at the sanctuary), also (abs., reflex.) 2 mpl. consec. וְנִקְרַבְתֶּם Jos 7:14 (cf. Qal 1 h). †Pi. Pf. 1 s. קֵרַבְתִּי Is 46:13; 3 pl. קֵרְבוּ Ho 7:6 (v. infr.), Ez 36:8; Impf. 2 ms. וּתְקָרֵב ψ 65:5; 1 s. sf. אֲקָֽרְבֶנּוּ Jb 31:37; Imv. ms. קָרַב Ez 37:17; mpl. קָֽרְבוּ Is 41:21;—cause to approach, bring near: 1. in space, acc. rei + אֶל Ez 37:17; = receive, acc. pers. Jb 31:37 (Thes Du; most approach majestically, march up to), acc. om. ψ 65:5; ק׳ רִיבְכֶם Is 41:21 bring on your suit! 2. in time, ק׳ צִדְקָתִי Is 46:13 (of י׳), ק׳ לָבוֹא Ez 36:8 they have brought near to come, brought their coming near, it is at hand (cf. Hiph. Gn 12:11).—Ho 7:6 read בָּעַר for קֵרְבוּ (קִרְבּוֹ RSProph. iv, N. 19), cf. 𝔊 Now. Hiph.177 Pf. 3 ms. הִקְרִיב Gn 12:11 +, -רִב Nu 7:19; 2 ms. וְהִקְרַבְתָּ֫ Ex 29:3 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַקְרִיב Ez 44:27 +, -רִב 46:4; וַיַּקְרֵב Ju 3:17 +; 1 pl. וַנַּקְרֵב Nu 31:50, etc.; Imv. ms. הַקְרֵב Nu 3:6 +, etc.; Inf. abs. הַקְרֵב Lv 6:7; cstr. הַקְרִיב Ju 3:18 +, etc.; Pt. מַקְרִיב Lv 3:1 +, etc.;— 1. a. bring near, bring, present, c. acc. rei, Ju 5:25 (+ בְּסֵפֶל), cf. Ex 29:3 (+ בַּסָּל); tribute ψ 72:10; מִנְחָה Ju 3:17 (+ ל pers.), v 18; cf. (ל pers.) Mal 1:8; שָׂדֶה בְּשָׂדֶה יַק׳ Is 5:8 i.e. join, incorporate; pregn., c. מִן loc. 2 K 16:14 (v. RSSem i. 466 ff., 2nd ed. 486 ff.); acc. of case, affair, †Dt 1:17 (+ אֶל pers.), Nu 27:5 (+ לִפְנֵי י׳); c. acc. pers.: + אֶל pers. Nu 15:33; 25:6; Jos 8:23, + אֶל reflex. Ex 28:1, + אֶת (prep.) reflex. Nu 18:2; abs., of pers., make an approach Ex 14:10. b. of time, הִקְרִיב לָבוֹא Gn 12:11; תַּקְרִיב לָלֶדֶת Is 26:17; וַתַּקְרִיבִי יָמַיִךְ Ez 22:4. 2. as term. techn. (c. 158 times), chiefly in Ez HP, bring near, of presenting, dedicating, or offering to י׳: †a. c. acc. pers., (1) Aaron and his sons, and Levites, sometimes c. אֶל, לְפְנֵי, pers. or loc., Ex 29:4, 8; 40:12, 14; Lv 3:6; 7:35; 8:6, 13, 24 Nu 8:9, 10; 16:5(×2), 9, 10, cf. (of prince, subj. י׳) Je 30:21; (2) for selection by let Jos 7:16, 17(×2), 18; 1 S 10:20, 21; (3) for ordeal of מֵי הַמָּרִים Nu 5:16. b. usually (c. 142 times) c. acc. of offering, with or without further complement (אֶל, לִפְנֵי loc., לי׳, לְפְנֵי י׳; rarely אֶל, ל, of priest, etc.): (1) animal-offering Lv 3:7, 12; 8:18, 22 (all + סָמַךְ of offerer), Ex 29:10; Lv 1:15; 4:3, 14 +, etc.; (2) זֶבַח Lv 7:16; עֹלָה Nu 29:13, 36; אִשֶּׁה Lv 3:3, 14; 23:8, 25 +; †(3) blood Lv 1:5 (+ זָרַק), 7:33; 9:9; (4) מִנְחָה Lv 2:8; 6:7; 7:12; 23:16; Nu 5:25; 6:16; 15:9; לֶחֶם אֱלֹהָיו Lv 21:6, 8, 17, 21, etc.; (5) incense Nu 16:35, censer v 17; 17:3, 4; אֵשׁ זָרָה Lv 10:1 Nu 3:4; 26:61; (6) especially c. acc. cogn. קָרְבָּן Lv 1:2(×2), 14; 2:1, 4; 22:18 Nu 7:10, 11; 31:50 + (c. 33 times); (7) acc. om. 2 Ch 35:12. c. abs. make an offering Nu 7:2, 18.

[נָגַשׁ125] vb. draw near, approach, less freq. syn. of קרב q.v. (NH id. Hiph. (rare) and deriv.);— Qal68 Impf. יִגַּשׁ Ex 24:14 +, יִגָּ֑שׁ ψ 91:7, וַיִּגַּשׁ Gn 18:23 +; 3 fs. וַתִּגַּשׁ Gn 33:7; 2 ms. תִּגַּשׁ־ Is 65:5; 3 mpl. יִגְּשׁוּ Is 41:1 +, יִגָּ֑שׁוּ Ex 24:2, יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 (Baer; van d. H. יִגָּ֑שׁוּ); 3 fpl. וַתִּגַּשְׁןָ Gn 33:6, etc.; Imv. גַּשׁ 2 S 1:15, גֶּשׁ־ Gn 19:9, גְּשָׁה Gn 27:21 +; גֹּשִׁי Ru 2:14, וּגְשׁוּ Je 46:3 גּשׁוּ Jos 3:9; Inf. cstr. לָגֶ֫שֶׁת Ju 20:23 +; sf. גִּשְׁתּוֹ Gn 33:3; גִּשְׁתָּם Ex 28:43 + 2 times;—draw or come near, 1. human subj.: sq. אֶל־ pers. Gn 27:22; 43:19; 44:18; 45:4 (all J), Ex 19:15 (of sexual intercourse), 24:2 Nu 32:16; Jos 14:6 (all E), Ex 34:30; Jos 21:1 (P), + 10 times elsewhere (not D), + ψ 91:7 (subj. pestilence personif.); of priestly approach to י׳ Ez 44:13, cf. Je 30:21b, also sq. אֶל־ of altar Ex 28:43; 30:20; Lv 21:23 and abs., v 21 (all P or H); sq. אֶל־ rei also Nu 8:19; sq. עַד־ pers. Gn 33:3 (J), rei Ju 9:52; sq. עַל־ pers. Ez 9:6, rei 44:13; sq. בְּ pers. Is 65:5 (‖ קָרַב אֶל־); in Am 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ בַּעֲדֵנוּ (for MT תַּגִּישׁ Hiph. cf. We GASm Dr Now; ‖ קִדֵּם); sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה draw near for battle Ju 20:23; Je 46:3; 2 S 10:13 = 1 Ch 19:14 (+ לִפְנֵי pers.); sq. acc. pers. 1 S 9:18; 30:21, rei Nu 4:19 (P), but acc. difficult; Dr reads אֶל־ for אֶת־ 1 S 9:18 Nu 4:19, cf. Klo HPS; in 1 S 30:21 Dr takes אֶת־ = with; sq. הֲלוֹם hither, 1 S 14:38 Ru 2:14; abs. Gn 18:23; 27:21; 29:10; 33:6, 7; 45:4 (all J), Ex 24:2 (E), Jos 8:11 (E; + ויבאו), + 9 times (not P, D), + Gn 27:26, 27 (E), Jos 3:9 (J), 2 S 1:15; 2 Ch 29:31 (all Imv. sq. 2nd Imv.), + Gn 19:9 (J), Lv 21:21(×2) (H), 2 K 4:27 (all sq. Inf. purpose). Note especially גֶּשׁ־הָ֫לְאָה Gn 19:9 lit. approach thither! i.e. move away! cf. גְּשָׁה־לִי וְאֵשֵׁ֑בָה Is 49:20 move away for me (make room for me) that I may dwell (‖ צַר־לִי הַמָּקוֹם). 2. inanim. subj. אֶחָד בְּאֶחָד יִגַּ֑שׁוּ Jb 41:8 one to another they approach (fit closely together; of scales of crocodile).—Qal not in D. Niph. Pf. נִגַּשׁ Gn 33:7 +; 3 fs. וְנִגְּשָׁה Dt 25:9; 3 mpl. נִגְּשׁוּ Ex 34:32 +; נִגַּשְׁתֶּם 2 S 11:20, 21; Pt. pl. נִגָּשִׁים Ex 19:22;—draw near = Qal (and substit. for it in D):—sq. אֶל־ pers. Dt 25:9; 1 K 20:13; Ezr 9:1, of priestly approach to Yahweh Ex 19:22 (J), Je 30:21; sq. אֶל־ rei Ex 20:21; 24:2 (both E), 2 S 11:20, 21, אֶל־הַמִּשְׁפָּט Dt 25:1; sq. בְּ pers. Am 9:13; sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה 1 S 7:10; abs. Gn 33:7 (J), Dt 20:2 (‖ קרב), 21:5; Ex 34:32 (P), so fig. of worship Is 29:13. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. sf. consec. וְהִגִּישׁוֹ Ex 21:6(×2), וְהִגִּישָׁהּ Lv 2:8; 3 pl. הִגִּ֫ישׁוּ 2 S 17:29; 2 mpl. הִגַּשְׁתֶּם Am 5:25; Impf. juss. יַגֵּשׁ Jb 40:19; וַיַּגֶּשׁ־ Gn 27:25; וַיַּגַּ֑שׁ Ju 6:19; 3 fs. תַּגִּישׁ Am 9:10, וַתַּגֵּשׁ 1 S 28:25; 2 S 13:11; 3 mpl. יַגִּ֫ישׁוּ Is 41:22; 2 mpl. תַּגִּ֫ישׁוּ Mal 1:8, תַּגִּישׁוּן v 8, וַתַּגִּישׁוּן Am 6:3, etc.; Imv. ms. הַגִּ֫ישָׁה Gn 27:25 +; mpl. הַגִּ֫ישׁוּ 1 S 13:9 +; Pt. מַגִּישׁ Mal 2:12; pl. cstr. מַגִּישֵׁי Mal 3:3, etc.;—cause to approach, bring near, bring, sq. אֶל־ pers. (usually obj. acc. rei, rarely pers. Ex 21:6(×2) 1 S 15:32; Gn 48:10 cf. v 13):—Gn 48:10, 13 (E), Ex 21:6(×2) (E), 1 S 13:9; 14:34; 15:32; 2 S 13:11 (+ Inf. purpose), 2 K 4:5, 6; sq. אֶל־הַמִּזְבֵּחַ Lv 2:8 (P; of sacrifice); עַל־מִזְבְּחִי Mal 1:7 (sacrif.); לְ pers. Gn 27:25(×2) (E), 1 S 30:7; 2 S 17:29 (read וַיַּגִּישׁוּ 𝔊 Th We Klo Kit, cf. Dr), of sacrifice Am 5:25 Mal 2:12; 3:3; לִפְנֵי pers. 1 S 28:25; 2 Ch 29:23; no prep. Ex 32:6 (J), 1 S 14:18, 34; 23:9; 30:7; Ju 6:19 (foll. הוציא אֶל־), Am 6:3; 1 K 5:1; Lv 8:14 (P), of sacrif. also Mal 1:8 (לִזְבֹּחַ), v 8 (‖ הקריב); fig. (obj. proofs, evidences) Is 41:21 (‖ קרב), v 22 (+ וַיַּגִּידוּ), cf. 45:21 (‖ הַגִּידוּ); הָעשֹׁוֹ יַגֵּשׁ חַרְבּוֹ Jb 40:19 let him that made him (the hippot.) draw near his sword, is dub.; Du הֶעָשׂוּ[י] נֹגֵשׂ חֲבֵרָו wh. is made ruler of its fellows (other conject. v. Di Bu); Am 9:10 read תִּגַּשׁ Qal q.v.). †Hoph. Pf. 3 mpl. לֹא־לִנְחֻשְׁתַּיִם הֻנַּ֑שׁוּ 2 S 3:34 (Ginsb הֻנָּ֑שׁוּ) thy feet have not been brought near (put into) fetters; Pt. מֻגָּשׁ לשׁמי Mal 1:11 it (impers.) is offered to my name. †Hithp. Imv. mpl. הִתְנַגְּשׁוּ Is 45:20 draw near! (‖ הִקָּֽבְצוּ וָבֹאוּ).

προσέρχομαι, imperfect -ηρχόμηνRefs 5th c.BC+: future -ελεύσομαιRefs 2nd c.BC+aorist -ήλυθον, -ῆλθον: perfect -ελήλυθα:—come or go to, with dative, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. Σωκράτει visit him as teacher, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινὶ ὥσπερ ἀθλητῇ Th. [prev. cited] (see. προσάρχομαι); αἷς ἂν προσέλθω [γυναιξί] Refs 5th c.BC+: with adverbs, π. δεῦρο Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγγύθεν, ὄπισθεν, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, approach, draw nigh, Refs 5th c.BC+; of pain, pleasure, etc., to be nigh at hand, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in hostile sense, attack, π. πρὸς τοὺς ἱππέας Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 come in, surrender, capitulate, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 come forward to speak, π. τῷ δήμῳ Refs 4th c.BC+; π. πολιτείᾳ enter political life, Refs 1st c.AD+; π. πρὸς τὰ κοινά come forward in public, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. πρὸς τὸ πολιτεύεσθαι, πρὸς τὴν πολιτείαν, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑμῖν (i.e. Ἀθηναίοις) Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 appear before a tribunal, προσελθὼν εἶπεν Refs 2nd c.AD+; π. τῷ δικαστηρίῳ κατ᾽ αὐτοῦ Refs 4th c.AD+; approach an official, π. διὰ βιβλιδίων τῷ λαμπροτάτῳ ἡγεμόνι Refs 3rd c.AD+; π. τοῖς θεοῖς in supplication, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __6 π. τῇ φιλοσοφίᾳ, τοῖς νόμοις, apply oneself to.. , Refs 1st c.BC+; π. τῇ τούτου κληρονομίᾳ enter upon his inheritance, Refs 2nd c.AD+; have recourse to, τοῖς ἀνασκευαστικωτέροις Refs 2nd c.AD+ __7 of things, to be added, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II come in, of revenue, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III have sexual intercourse, Refs 5th c.BC+

† קָרֹב, קָרוֹב, adj. near;—abs. קָרֹב Ex 12:4 +; -וֹב 2 S 19:43 +; pl. קְרֹבִים 1 K 8:59, קְרוֹבִים Is 33:13 +; fpl. קְרֹבוֹת Ez 22:5, etc.;—near (often opp. רָחוֹק): 1. of city Gn 19:20 (+ לָנוּם שָׁ֫מָּה), Je 48:24, הַקּ׳ Dt 21:3 the nearest (+ אֶל), cf. (of elders) v 6; of land 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36; road Ex 13:17; = contiguous, כֶּרֶם 1 K 21:2 (+ אֵצֶל בֵּיתִי). 2. of pers.: a. + אֶל pers. Gn 45:10; Dt 13:8; 22:2 Jos 9:16; 1 Ch 12:41 (van d. H. v 40); הַקּ׳ אֶל Ex 12:4 the nearest to; c. sf. קְרֹבוֹ Ex 32:27, i.e. his neighbour. b. abs. (opp. or + רחוק, often = near and far, i.e. all without distinction), Ez 6:12; Is 57:19; Pr 27:10; pl. Is 33:13; Je 25:26; Dn 9:7; Est 9:20; Ez 22:5; ק׳ of distress, personif., 22:12.—Ez 23:5, 12 Co Berthol read קְרוּאִים famous; Toy רַבִּים (cf. Je 39:13); Hpt in Toy Krae conj. קְרוֹדִים (Assyrian ḳurâdu, warrior). c. of near relationship, + אֶל pers. 2 S 19:43; Lv 21:2, 3; 25:25 (all H), Nu 27:11 (P); ל pers. Ne 13:4; Ru 2:20; + מִן comp. 3:12; of intimacy, קְרֹבוֹ ψ 15:3 (‖ רֵעֵהוּ), קְרוֹבַי Jb 19:14 (‖ מְיֻדָּעַי), ψ 38:12 (‖ אֹהֲבַי וְרֵעַי); near, in office, Est 1:14. d. near to י׳, עַם קְרֹבוֹ ψ 148:14 (Rie Bae קְרֹבָו the people of those near him). e. near to י׳ in ceremon. function, c. אֶל Ez 43:19, c. ל 42:13, sf. Lv 10:3. f. of God (י׳), + אֶל pers. Dt 4:7; 30:14; ל pers. ψ 34:19; 145:18; abs. Je 12:2; Is 50:3; 55:6 ψ 119:151; אֱלֹהֵי מִקָּרֹב Je 23:23 a God from near by (opp. א׳ מֵרָחוֹק); ק׳ of צֶדֶק י׳ Is 51:5, יֶשַׁע י׳ ψ 85:10 (+ ל pers.);—ק׳ שִׁמְךָ ψ 75:2, read קֹרְאֵי בְּשׁ׳ Dy Che Gr Dr, cf. Bae 𝔊 𝔖 Du. g. of word, + אֶל pers. Dt 30:14; prayer, + אֶל־י׳ 1 K 8:59. 3. of time: ק׳ יוֹם אֵידָם Dt 32:35; especially of יוֹם י׳ Zp 1:7, 14(×2); Ez 30:3 (perhaps del. as 𝔊 Co Krae), v 3 Is 13:6; Ob 15; Jo 1:15; 2:1; 4:14, cf. Ez 7:7; + inf. ק׳ אֵיד־מוֹאָב לָבוֹא Je 48:16, cf. Is 13:22; 56:1; מְחִתָּה ק׳ Pr 10:14 imminent ruin; מִקָּרוֹב Dt 32:17 recently, so Ez 11:3 𝔊 𝔙 Co Siegf Berthol (for MT †בְּקָרוֹב); Ez 7:8 soon; Jb 20:5 of the briefest.—אוֹר ק׳ מִפְּנֵי חֹשֶׁךְ Jb 17:12 is dub.; Thes (my) light is near to (prope abest a, as Arabic قَرِبَ مِن, but not proven in Heb.) darkness; Di light (they say) is near (breaking away) from darkness, will soon leave it behind; Bu אוֹר קְרוֹבָם פֶּן־יֶחְשַׁךְ the light of their intimate friend shall not (?) grow dark.

ἐγγίζω, aorist ἤγγισα Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect ἤγγικα LXX+NT: (ἐγγύς):—bring near, bring up to, τῇ γῇ τὰς ναῦς LXX+2nd c.BC+ __II mostly intransitive, approach, LXX+4th c.BC+; εἰς θάνατονLXX; ἕωςLXX+NT; to be imminent, ἤγγικεν ἡ παρουσία τοῦ Κυρίου NT: also, with genitive, approximate to, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 to be next of kin, LXX __III with infinitive, to be on the point of doing, ναοῦ -οντος συμπεσεῖν Refs

ἐγγύς [ῠ], adverb, comparative ἐγγυτέρω (-τέρῳRefs 5th c.BC+ or -ύτατα (first in Refs 5th c.BC+; also ἔγγῑον, ἔγγιστα (see. ἐγγίων). __I of Place, near, nigh, at hand: frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+: with genitive, hard by, near to; so λύπας ἐγγυτέρω nearer to grief, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐγγὺς ὁδῷ uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of Time, nigh at hand, Refs 8th c.BC+ __III of Numbers, etc., nearly, ἔτεσι ἐ. εἴκοσι Refs 5th c.BC+: generally, nearly, almost, ἐ. ἔγνως Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ ἐ. τινος not nearly, i. e. not by a great deal, nothing like it, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔχει οὐχ οὕτω ταῦτα οὐδ᾽ ἐ. not so.. nor yet nearly so, Refs 4th c.BC+; mostly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV of Qualities, coming near, ἐ. τι καὶ παραπλήσιον Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγγύτατα τοῦ νῦν τρόπου, τῆς ξυμπάσης γνώμης, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. εἶναι, with genitive, Refs; ἐ. τι τείνειν τοῦ τεθνάναι very near death, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V of Relationship, akin to, οἱ Ζηνὸς ἐ. Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐγγυτέρω γένει or γένους, Refs 5th c.BC+

πλήσι-ος, α, ον, Boeotian dialect πλᾱτίος Refs: (πέλας, πελάζω):— near, close to, with genitive, πλησίοι ἀλλήλων variant in Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 with dative, πλησίοι ἀλλήλοισι Refs 8th c.BC+ __3 absolutely, near, neighbouring, πλησίαι αἵ γ᾽ ἥσθην Refs 8th c.BC+: substantive, neighbour, ἰδὼν ἐς π. ἄλλον Refs 8th c.BC+ __II adverb πλησίον, Aeolic dialect πλάσιον [ᾱ] Refs 7th c.BC+; Doric dialect πλᾱτίον: ={πέλας}, near, hard by, with genitive, τὰ μὲν κατέθεντ᾽ ἐπὶ γαίῃ π. ἀλλήλων Refs 8th c.BC+; κεῖται στενωποῦ π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with the Article, ὁ πλησίον (i.e. ὤν) one's neighbour, Refs 6th c.BC+; Doric dialect, ὁ πλατίον Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ π. παράδεισος, αἱ π. κῶμαι, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III superlative -αίτατος Refs adverb -αιτέρωRefs 5th c.BC+; -αίτερον Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -αίταταRefs: later comparative -έστεροςRefs 6th c.AD+. adverb -έστερονLXX+4th c.AD+—The adjective is poetry and Ionic dialect; in Attic dialect Prose only the adverb is found.

† קְרֵב vb. approach (v. BH I. קרב);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Dn 3:26 (ל loc.); 1 s. קִרְבֵת 7:16 (עַל pers.); abs., 3 mpl. קְּרִ֫בוּ Dn 3:8; 6:13; Inf. sf. כְּמִקְרְבֵהּ 6:21 when he approached, ל loc. Pa. offer sacrifice: Impf. 2 ms. תְּקָרֵב Ezr 7:17, c. acc. + עַל of altar. Haph. 1. = Pa.: c. acc. Pf. 3 mpl. הַקְרִ֫בוּ Ezr 6:17, Pt. act. מְהַקְרְבִין v 10 (ל dei). 2. bring near: Pf. sf. הַקְרְבוּהִי Dn 7:13 (קֳדָם dei).

ἀναγκ-αῖος, α, ον, in Attic dialect also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+: of, with, or by force: __I active, constraining, applying force, μῦθος ἀ. a word of force, Refs 8th c.BC+; χρειὼ ἀ. urgent necessity, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦμαρ ἀ. day of constraint, i.e. life of slavery, Refs; ἀ. τύχη a doom imposed by fate, or fateful chance, Refs 5th c.BC+ (but, fatal chance, Refs 6th c.BC+; τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους by the compulsory nature of our rule, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under stress of circumstances, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 forcible, cogent, πειθώRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων the more authoritative copies, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II passive, constrained, forced, twice in Refs 8th c.BC+ soldiers perforce, Refs 8th c.BC+; so δμῶες ἀ.Refs trusty, serviceable, see below Refs __II.2 necessary (physically or morally), οὐκ ἀ. unnecessary (on its different senses in philosophy see Refs 4th c.BC+ it is necessary to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότατον, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. κακόν a necessary evil, Refs 4th c.BC+: also with infinitive, ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; [μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι necessary for us to have learnt them before, Refs __II.3 τὰ ἀ. necessaries of life, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b τὰ ἀ. things necessary to be done, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ. the appointed order of things, HGRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 indispensable, i. e. a bare minimum, frequently in superlative, τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ᾽ εἰπεῖν give a bare outline of the facts, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια the most distant degree of kinship recognized by law, Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, scanty, makeshift, παρασκευήRefs __II.5 of persons, connected by necessary or natural ties, i. e. related by blood, Refs 5th c.BC+kinsfolk, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.6 Astrology texts, efficacious, Refs 2nd c.AD+ line of fate, Refs __II.7 costly, ὄξοςRefs 5th c.AD+; ἐσθήςRefs __III adverb -ως of necessity, perforce, ἀ. ἔχει it must be so, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. φέρειν, opposed to ἀνδρείως, Refs 5th c.BC+; as best might be, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν in a narrow sense (compare Refs 2nd c.AD+:—superlative ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγειςRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 strictly, κελεύεινRefs 1st c.AD+ __IV οἱ ἀ. τόποι privy parts, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __V see {ἀναγκαῖον}, τό

† קָרֵב adj.vb. approaching;—abs. ק׳ 1 S 17:41 +; pl. קְרִבִים Ez 40:46; 45:4;—approaching: 1. as pred., הֹלֵךְ וְק׳ אֶל־דָּוִד 1 S 17:41, אַתֶּם קְרֵבִים לַמִּלְחָמָה Dt 20:3; abs. הָלוֹךְ וְק׳ 2 S 18:25; c. art. as subst., 1 K 5:7 (+ אֶל־שֻׁלְחָן), Nu 17:28(×2) (+ אֶל־מִשְׁכַּן י׳). 2. c. art., approaching י׳, temple or tabern., for service, c. לְשָׁרֵת Ez 40:46 (+ אֶל־י׳), 45:4; abs. הַזָּר הַקּ׳ Nu 1:51; 3:10, 38; 18:7.

προσᾰγωγ-ή, ἡ, bringing to, πρὸς τὴν τῆς τροφῆς π. for the purpose of bringing the food to the mouth, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 bringing up, μηχανημάτων, ὀργάνων, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ποιεῖσθαι τὴν π., much like our phrase 'to make approaches', Refs __3 a bringing over, acquisition, ξυμμάχων Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ π. φίλος a friend under compulsion, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 administering or taking of medicine, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II solemn approach, as at festivals or in supplication, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 approach, access, introduction to a person, especially to a king's presence, NT+5th c.BC+ __II.3 π. νεῶν a place for ships to put in, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.4 attack, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5 addition, of food, opposed to ἀφαίρεσις, Refs 5th c.BC+by gradual additions, gradually, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἀθρόος, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἐξαίφνης, Refs; τόποι ὑψηλοὶ ἐκ π. rising gradually to a height, Refs __III accession, addition, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III.2 increase of rent, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV surface of a stone intended for application to another, Refs

ἆσσον (Doric dialect ἄσσιον accusative to Refsadverb comparative of ἄγχι:— nearer, especially of hostile approach, ἆσσον ἴτ᾽Refs 8th c.BC+; simply of approach, γυναῖχ᾽ ὁρῶ στείχουσαν ἡμῶν ἆ.Refs 5th c.BC+; of a woman, ἥτις ἀνδρῶν ἆ. οὐκ ἐλήλυθενRefs 7th c.BC+: with double comparative, ἕρποντι μᾶλλον ἆσσονRefs: superlative ἄσσισταRefs 4th c.BC+ __II hence new comparative ἀσσοτέρω, with or without genitive, Refs 8th c.BC+; later comparative adjective ἀσσότερος, ={ἐγγύτερος}, Refs 4th c.BC+: superlative adverb ἀσσοτάτωRefs 1st c.BC+adjective ἀσσότατοςRefs

ἐγγύτερος [ῠ], α, ον, comparative adjective, (ἐγγύς) nearer, Refs 5th c.AD+: superlative ἐγγύτατος, η, ον, nearest, LXX+4th c.BC+; δι᾽ ἐγγυτάτου, ={ἐγγυτάτω}, Refs 5th c.BC+

παραπλήσιος, α, ον Refs 5th c.BC+; also ος, ον Refs 5th c.BC+:— coming alongside of: hence, coming near, nearly resembling; of numbers, nearly equal, about as many; of size, about as large; of age, about equal; etc.: __1 absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοιαῦτα καὶ π. such and such-like, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰς πράξεις ὁμοίας καὶ π. ἀποβαίνειν Isoc. [prev. cited]; ταὐτόν ἐστι σοφιστὴς καὶ ῥήτωρ, ἢ ἐγγύς τι καὶ παραπλήσιον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 frequently with dative, ἐν τῇ ναυμαχίῃ παραπλήσιοι ἀλλήλοισι ἐγίνοντο were about equal, of a drawn battle, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅμοι᾽ ἢ π. τούτοις Refs 5th c.BC+; ἦχος συριγμοῦ π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 followed by a relative, τρόπῳ παραπλησίῳ, τῷ καὶ Μασσαγέται Refs 5th c.BC+; also π. πάσχουσιν ὥσπερ ἂν εἰ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb, π. ὡς εἰ.., perinde ac si.., Refs 5th c.BC+ about the same distance and not much more, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ π. Refs 1st c.BC+ adverb -ίωςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἆρά γ᾽ ὁμοίως ἢ π.; Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀγωνισάμενος π. having fought with nearly equal advantage, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. καὶ.., Latin perinde ac.., Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἔχει καθάπερ.. Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative παραπλησιαίτερον Refs

προσπορεύομαι, Doric dialect ποτιπορ- Refs 4th c.BC+: — go to, approach, Refs 4th c.BC+; apply for a loan, Refs 3rd c.BC+; π. πρὸς τὰς προσοδικὰς κρίσεις take up revenue cases, of advocates, Refs 2nd c.BC+; π. πρὸς ταῦτα καὶ πρὸς τὰ λοιπὰ μαθήματα Refs 3rd c.BC+; π. πρὸς τὰ γενήματα make a start or get on with the crops, Refs 3rd c.BC+; π. πρὸς τὴν ἀγορανομίαν go in quest of the office of aedile, be candidate for it, Refs 2nd c.BC+; of a writer, π. πρὸς πᾶν παρὰ τὴν κοινὴν ἔννοιαν λεγόμενον hunt for paradoxes, Refs encroach on what does not belong to him, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 of a certain day, draw near, approach, προσπορευομένης τῆς νουμηνίας Refs 4th c.BC+ __II attach oneself to, ἀνδρὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ LXX; of proselytes,LXX; also ὅταν -πορεύωνται πρὸς τὸ θυσιαστήριον λειτουργεῖνLXX __III of revenue, come in, Refs

συνομορέω, border on, about upon, τῇ συναγωγῇ NT