Mercy and Compassion

† [נחם] vb. Niph. be sorry, console oneself, etc. (only in der. species) (NH Pi. comfort; Ph.in n.pr.Lzb322; 𝔗 Pa. = NH, and deriv.; Chr. Pal. Aramaic Pa. id., SchwallyIdiot. 54; Arabic نَحَمَ breathe pantingly (of horse));— Niph. Pf. נִחַם Am 7:3 + 4 times; נִחָ֑ם Je 20:16 + 2 times; 1 s. נִחַמְתִּי Gn 6:7 + 8 times; נִחָ֑מְתִּי Zc 8:14; 2 mpl. נִחַמְתֶּם Ez 14:22; Impf. יִנָּחֵם Ex 13:17 + 6 times; וַיִּנָּ֫חֶם Gn 6:6 + 6 times; + 5 times Impf.; Imv. הִנָּחֵם Ex 32:12 ψ 90:13; Inf. הִנָּחֵם Je 31:15 1 S 15:29; Pt. נִחָם Ju 21:15 + 3 times; — 1. be sorry, moved to pity, have compassion, for others, abs. Je 15:6; c. על ψ 90:13; אֶל Ju 21:6; לְ v 15; מִן 2:18. 2. be sorry, rue, suffer grief, repent, of one’s own doings, abs. Ex 13:17 (E), ψ 106:45 Je 20:16 Jo 2:14 Zc 8:14; ‖ שׁקּר 1 S 15:29(×2); מאם Jb 42:6; שׁוב Je 4:28; 31:19 Jon 3:9; חוּס Ez 24:14; לא נ׳, ‖ נשׂבע ψ 110:4; c. עַל Am 7:3, 6 Je 8:6; 18:10; על־הרעה for ill done to others Ex 32:12, 14 (J), Je 18:8 Jo 2:13 Jon 3:10; 4:2; אל־הרעה 2 S 24:16 = 1 Ch 21:15 (על), Je 26:3, 13, 19; 42:10; כִּי Gn 6:6, 7 (J), 1 S 15:11, 35. 3. comfort oneself, be comforted: abs. Gn 38:12 (J) ψ 77:3 Ez 31:16; c. עַל 2 S 13:39 Je 31:15; על הרעה, concerning the evil Ez 14:22; 32:31; אחרי Gn 24:67 (J). 4. be relieved, ease oneself, by taking vengeance c. מן Is 1:24; על 57:6. Piel Pf. נִחַם Is 49:13; + 8 times Pf.; Impf. יְנַחֵם Jb 29:25; 3 mpl. יְנַחֲמוּ Jb 42:11; יְנַחֵמ֑וּן Zc 10:2 + 13 times Impf.; Imv. נַחֲמוּ Is 40:1(×2); Inf. נַחֵם Is 61:2; sf. נַחֲמוֹ Gn 37:35 + 9 times Inf.; Pt. מְנַחֵם La 1:2, pl. מְנַחֲמִים ψ 69:21, + 11 times Pt.—comfort, console, abs. Gn 37:35 (J), 1 Ch 19:3 = 2 S 10:3; ψ 69:21 Ec 4:1(×2) Zc 10:2 Na 3:7 La 1:16; c. acc. pers. Gn 50:21 (E) 2 S 12:24 1 Ch 7:22; 19:2 Jb 2:11; 7:13; 21:34; 29:25 Ru 2:13 ψ 23:4; 71:21; 119:76, 82 Is 12:1; 22:4 40:1(×2) 51:3(×2), 12, 19; 61:2; 66:13(×2) Ez 14:23; 16:54 Zc 1:17 La 2:13; ‖ עזר ψ 86:17; רַחֵם Is 49:13; גאל Is 52:9; שׂמּח Je 31:13; מן rei Gn 5:29 (J); על Je 16:7; 42:11; אל 2 S 10:2 = על 1 Ch 19:2; מְנַחֲמֵי עמל Jb 16:2; אֵין מְנַחֵם לְ La 1:2, 9, 17, 21. Pual Pf. נֻחָ֑מָה Is 54:11; Impf. תְּנֻחָ֑מוּ Is 66:13; be relieved, consoled. Hithpa. Pf. 1 s. וְהִנֶּחָ֑מְתִּי (for הִתְנ׳; but del. Co) Ez 5:13; Impf. יִתְנֶחָ֑ם Dt 32:36 + 2 times; 1 s. אֶתְנֶחָ֑ם ψ 119:52; Inf. הִתְנַחֵם Gn 37:35; Pt. מִתְנַחֵם Gn 27:42— 1. be sorry, have compassion עַל־עֲבָדָיו upon his servants Dt 32:36 = ψ 135:14. 2. rue, repent, ‖ כזּב, Nu 23:19 (poem). 3. comfort oneself, be relieved, abs. Gn 37:35 (J), ψ 119:52. 4. ease oneself, by taking vengeance Ez 5:13 (?); c. לִ pers. Gn 27:42 (JE): cf. Ni. 4.

† [רָחַם] vb.denom. love Pi. have compassion;— Qal Impf. 1 s. sf. אֶרְחָֽמְךָ ψ 18:2 I love thee (perhaps gloss; v. not in ‖ 2 S 22:2; Hi Ch SS Gerber read אֲרֹמִמְךָ). Pi. Pf. 3 ms. רִחַם ψ 103:13 +; sf. וְרִחַמְךָ consec. Dt 13:18, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יְרַחֵם Is 9:16 +; sf. יְרַחֲמֵהוּ Is 55:7, etc.; Inf. abs. רַחֵם Je 31:20; Hb 3:2; cstr. רַחֵם Is 49:15 ψ 103:13; sf. רַחֶמְכֶם Is 30:18; Pt. מְרַחֵם ψ 116:5, etc.;—have compassion, be compassionate;— 1. usually of God: c. acc. of his people, Ex 33:19(×2) (J) Dt 13:18; 30:3; 2 K 13:23; Is 9:16; 14:1; 27:11; 30:18; 49:10, 13; 54:8, 10; 55:7; 60:10; Je 12:15; 30:18; 31:20(×2); 33:26; Ez 39:25; Ho 1:6, 7; 2:6, 25; Mi 7:19; Zc 1:12; 10:6 ψ 102:14; c. עַל 103:13; abs. Je 13:14; Hb 3:2 ψ 116:5 La 3:32. 2. of man, usually a conqueror: c. acc. 1 K 8:50; Je 42:12; abs. 6:23; 21:7; 50:42; elsewhere of children, c. acc. Is 13:18; 49:15; c. עַל ψ 103:13. Pu. Pf. 3 fs. רֻחָ֑מָה Ho 2:3, 25 (Ges§ 152 a. n. Köi, 270);—Impf. 3 ms. יְרֻחַם Ho 14:4; יְרֻחָ֑ם Pr 28:13; be shewn compassion, compassionated: of orphans Ho 14:4; children, of Israel wife of Yahweh 2:3, 25 (cf. לא־ר׳ 1:6, 8, p. 520); penitent sinner Pr 28:13.

† חָמַל vb. spare (Arabic حَمَلَ is bear, become responsible; Aramaic ܚܡܰܠ comportavit, congessit);— Qal Pf. ח׳ 1 S 15:15 + 3 times; חָמָ֑ל 2 S 12:6; La 2:17; חָמָ֑לְתָּ La 2:21; 3:43; וְחָמַלְתִּ֫י Mal 3:17; Impf. יַחְמֹל Jb 16:13 + 6 times; יַחְמוֹל Jb 6:10 + 3 times; וַיַּחְמֹל 1 S 15:9 + 3 times; 3 fs. וַתַּחְמֹל Ex 2:6; 2 ms. תַּחְמֹל Dt 13:9 1 S 15:3; אֶחְמֹל Ez 8:18; 9:10; אֶחְמוֹל Je 13:14 + 4 times; וָאֶחְמֹל Ez 36:21; יַחְמֹ֑לוּ Is 9:18; תַּחְמְלוּ Je 50:14; 51:3; תַּחְמֹ֑לוּ Ez 9:5; Inf. cstr. חֻמְלָה Ez 16:5 (Ges§ 45. 1. b);—spare, have compassion, c. על Ex 2:6 (E), 1 S 15:3, 9, 15; 23:21; 2 S 21:7; 2 Ch 36:15, 17; Je 15:5; Ez 16:5; 36:21; Jb 20:13; Zc 11:5, 6; Mal 3:17(×2) Jo 2:18; Dt 13:9 (‖ חוס sq. על), Je 21:7 (‖ חוס sq. על + רתם), Ez 9:10 (‖ חוס sq. על according to 𝔖 𝔗 Co); sq. אֶל־ Je 51:3; Is 9:18; note poet. אַל־תַּחְ׳ אֶל־חֵץ = spare no arrow Je 50:14; sq. Inf. 2 S 12:4; abs. 2 S 12:6; Is 30:14; La 2:17, 21, also v 2 where appar. sq. acc., 3:43; Jb 6:10; 16:13; 27:22; Pr 6:34; Hb 1:17; ‖ חוס Ez 5:11; 7:4 (del. Co as doubl. of v 9), 7:9; 8:18; 9:5; Jer 13:14 (‖ אחוס and ארחם).

† רַחֲמִים n.m. 2 S 24:14 abs.pl.intens. compassion (according to many denom. from רֶחֶם, orig. brotherhood, brotherly feeling, of those born from same womb, v. NöZMG xl (1886), 151 (yet v. 152) WeGGN 1893, 475 Gerber 126, or motherly feeling Köii. 1, 34);—abs. ר׳ Gn 43:14 +; cstr. רַחֲמֵי Pr 12:10; sf. רַחֲמָיו La 3:22 (Baer Gi; van d. H. Qr, Kt רחמו), 2 S 24:14 Qr (> Kt רחמו), etc.;— 1. compassion: usually of God Is 63:7, 15 ψ 77:10; 79:8; 119:77; Zc 1:16 Dn 9:9 Ne 9:28; c. רבים 2 S 24:14 = 1 Ch 21:13; Ne 9:19, 27, 31 ψ 119:156; Dn 9:18; גדולים Is 54:7; ‖ חסד ψ 40:12; 103:4; Ho 2:21; Je 16:5; חסדים ψ 25:6; כרֹב רחמיךָ ψ 51:3; 69:17; c. על rei 145:9; נתן ר׳ ל Dt 13:18; Je 42:12; לא כָלוּ ר׳ La 3:22. 2. of man, Am 1:11; Pr 12:10; עשׂה ר׳ Zc 7:9; נָתַן לפ׳ ר׳ לִפְנֵי Gn 43:14 (R); נתן פ׳ לר׳ לִפְנֵי 1 K 8:50; Ne 1:11; Dn 1:9 ψ 106:46, cf. 2 Ch 30:9; שׂם ר׳ ל Is 47:6; נִכְמְרוּ ר׳ אל Gn 43:30 (J), c. על 1 K 3:26.

ἐλε-έω, imperfect ἠλέουν Refs 4th c.BC+aorist ἠλέησα, Epic dialect ἐλέησα (see. below):—passive, perfect ἠλέημαι Refs 4th c.BC+: (ἔλεος):—to have pity on, show mercy to, ὁ δ᾽ ἐρύσατο καί μ᾽ ἐλέησεν Refs 8th c.BC+ Eph.5.4:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 absolutely,feel pity, Refs 5th c.BC+

† [חוּס] vb. pity, look upon with compassion (Aramaic ܚܳܣ, חוּס pity, spare; Assyrian ḫûs, in n.pr. cf. DlPr 181)— Qal Pf. 3 fs. חָסָה Ez 16:5, 2 ms. חַ֫סְתָּ Jon 4:10; Impf. 3 ms. יָחוּס Je 21:7; יָחֹס ψ 72:13; 3 fs. תָּחוּס Is 13:18; תָּחוֹס Dt 7:16 + 9 times (Ges§ 72 R 4 Bö§ 1133 (2)); תָּחֹס Gn 45:20 Ez 9:5; וַתָּ֫חָס 1 S 24:11 Ez 20:17; 1 s. אָחוּס Je 13:14 + 2 times; Imv. חוּ֫סָה Jo 2:17 Ne 13:22:— a. of the eye, עין, תח(ו)ס על (לא) the eye shall (not) look with compassion, pity, upon Dt 7:16; 13:9; 19:13; Is 13:18 Ez 7:4; 20:17; לא חסה עָלַיִךְ עין Ez 16:5; עֵינְכֶם אַל־תָּחֹס עַל־כְּלֵיכֶם Gn 45:20 (RJE) let not your eye look with regret upon your stuff; with ellipsis of עַיִן 1 S 24:11 (but read וָאָחֻס for וַתָּחָס 𝔊 𝔖 We Klo Dr); with ellipsis of על Dt 19:21; 25:12 Ez 5:11; 7:9; 8:18; 9:10; ע֯ל תחס עיני֯כם (אל) Ez 9:5. b. of God חוסה על Ne 13:22 Jo 2:17; לא אחוס על נינוה Jon 4:11; ellipsis of עַל Je 13:14 Ez 24:14. c. of man: the Messianic king על־דַּל וְאֶבְיוֹן ψ 72:13 he shall have pity on poor and needy; Nebuchadrezzar עליהם (i.e. on Zedekiah and the people) Je 21:7; Jonah, על חקיקיון Jon 4:10.—Vid. also חָמַל" dir="rtl" >חמל.

ἐλε-ημοσύνη, ἡ, pity, mercy, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __2 charity, alms, LXX+NT+3rd c.AD+

σπλαγχν-ίζω, = σπλαγχνεύω, LXX:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+. __II middle (with aorist passive -ίσθην), feel pity, compassion, or mercy, LXX+NT; οὐκ ἐσπλαγχνίσθη had no mercy, Refs 6th c.AD+

φείδομαι, Refs 6th c.BC+imperfect φείδοντο (without augment) even in Refs 5th c.BC+ after a diphthong at the end of the preceding line: future φείσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect πεφῐδήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+, later future passive in middle sense φ[ε]ισθήσομαι Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist 1 ἐφεισάμην Refs 6th c.BC+, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φείσατο Refs 8th c.BC+aorist 2 πεφῐδόμην, used by Refs 8th c.BC+, infinitive πεφιδέσθαι Refs: perfect participle πεφεισμένος Refs 2nd c.AD+; Epic dialect imperative πεφίδησο Refs; participle πεφιδημένος Refs 4th c.AD+:—spare: __I spare persons and things, e.g. in war, i.e. not destroy them, with genitive, Τρώων Refs 8th c.BC+ [same place]; μὴ φείσῃ βίου spare not my life, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, spare, be merciful, Refs __II spare persons and things in using them, use sparingly, ἵππων φειδόμενος, i. e. taking care of them, Refs 8th c.BC+; φ. ὃν εἶχε βίον (βίον by attraction to the relative) Refs 6th c.BC+ not to spare, i. e. to use or give freely, οὐδέ νυ τοῦ περ [δέπαος] φείσατο Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 absolutely, to be sparing, live thriftily, φείδεσθαι μὲν ἄμεινον Refs 6th c.BC+; frequently in participle φειδόμενος, η, ον, thrifty, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.; ὄμμασι φειδομένοις with shrinking, shy eyes, Refs 2nd c.AD+; αἱ μὴ φ. (i.e. μέλισσαι) the unthrifty ones, Refs 4th c.BC+; compare πεφεισμένως, φειδομένως. __III have consideration for, τῆς τοῦ λόγου συμμετρίας Refs 1st c.AD+: with negative, pay no heed to, οὔτ᾽ ἀνθρώπων φείδεται οὔτε θεῶν Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV draw back from, refrain from, θαλάσσας Refs 7th c.BC+; τοῦ λέγειν, τοῦ ἀκολουθεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, spare to do, forbear from doing, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+; also φ. μή τι δρᾶσαι τῶν τυραννικῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __V in Refshave mercy upon.., LXX; φ. περί τινος to keep one's hands off.., LXX spare to hurt, LXX; φ. τι ἀπό τινος keep it off, Jb.Refs; φ. τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπὸ θανάτουLXX; φειδεύμενοι (from contraction φειδέομαι) is conjecture for φιλεύμεναι in Refs 4th c.AD+

† I. [כָּמַר] vb.Niph. grow warm and tender, be or grow hot (NH id. Pi. heat fruit in the ground, making it ripe, over-ripe, tender; Aramaic כְּמַר id., and more gen. make warm (one’s flesh, or food); cf. kemr, fermentation, etc., in mod. Syria WetzstZPV xiv (1891), 6)— Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִכְמְרוּ Gn 43:30 + 2 times, נִכְמָ֑רוּ La 5:10;— 1. grow warm and tender, fig., subj. רחמים; נ׳ רַחֲמָיו אֶל־אָחִיו Gn 43:30 (J), so נ׳ רַחֲמֶיהָ עַל־בְּנָהּ 1 K 3:26; (רַחֲמָ֑י We) יַחַד נ׳ נִחוּמָ֑י Ho 11:8 (‖ נֶהְפַּךְ עָלַי לִבִּי). 2. be or grow hot, עוֹרֵנוּ כְתַנּוּר נ׳ מִפְּנֵי וגו׳ La 5:10 our skin has become hot like a furnace, because of the famine.

ἐλεεινός, ή, όν, ἐλεινός Refs, Attic dialect Refs 5th c.BC+, but ἐλεεινός Refs 4th c.BC+ Papyrus: written ἐλεηνός in LXX: (ἔλεος):— finding pity, pitied, δός μ᾽ ἐς Ἀχιλλῆος φίλον ἐλθεῖν ἠδ᾽ ἐλεεινόν Refs 8th c.BC+; moving pity, piteous, Refs, etc.; ἐλεινὸς εἰσορᾶν piteous to behold, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐλεινὸν ὁρᾷς thou lookest piteous, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b having received mercy, Refs __2 showing pity, ἐ. δάκρυον a tear of pity, Refs 8th c.BC+, Men.[same place]; οὐδὲν ἐλεινόν no feeling of pity, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II adverb ἐλεεινῶς, Attic dialect ἐλεινῶς, pitiably, Refs 5th c.BC+ as adverb, Refs 8th c.BC+

ἱλᾰσ-κομαι, future ἱλάσομαι [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+ Oracle texts cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ also ἱλάξομαι Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist 1 ἱλᾰσάμην, Epic dialect participle ἱλασσάμενοι Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect subjunctive 2nd pers. singular ἱλάσσεαι Refs, -ηαι Refs 3rd c.BC+; infinitive ἱλάσσασθαι Refs 3rd c.BC+ —passive (see. below Refs. [ῑ regularly (written ι, not ει, Refs 4th c.BC+; ῐ Refs 8th c.BC+: (ἵλαος):—appease, in Refs 8th c.BC+; σπονδῇσι θύεσσί τε ἱλάσκεσθαι (i.e. θεούς) Refs 8th c.BC+; with participle, ἱλάσκομαι πέμπων by presenting, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦτον (i.e. θεὸν) ἱλάσκου ποῶν μηδὲν ἄτοπον Refs 4th c.BC+; of the dead as heroized, θυσίῃσί τινα ἱ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of men, conciliate, ἱ. τινὰ χρήμασι Refs; πῶς ἱλασόμεθα καὶ τίνι λόγ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 expiate, τὰς ἁμαρτίας NT __II passive with future ἱλάσομαι, also ἱλασθής ομαι variant in LXXaorist 1 ἱλάσθηνLXX:—to be merciful, gracious, τινι [same places]; ἱλάσθητί μοι τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ LXX+NTinfinitive, ἱλάσθη κύριος περιποιῆσαι τὸν λαόνLXX

Included with: οἰκτ-ίρω [ῑ] (in codices frequently -ειρ-, but -ῑρ- in early Inscrr., Refs, see entry near the end; compare κατοικτίρω): imperfect ᾤκτ (ε) ιρον Refs 7th c.BC+: future οἰκτῐρῶ Refs 4th c.BC+aorist ᾤκτ (ε) ιρα Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect οἴκτ (ε) ιρα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, only present and imperfect NT+8th c.BC+:—pity, have pity upon, with accusative person, Refs 8th c.BC+; οἰ. τινά τινος pity one for or because of a thing, οἰκτίρω σε θεσφάτου μόρου Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative of things, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with infinitive, οἰ. νιν λιπεῖν I am sorry to leave her, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἰ. εἰ.. to be sorry that it should be, Refs 5th c.BC+. [Aeolic dialect οἰκτίρρω Refs 3rd c.BC+future is οἰκτερῶ accusative to Refs

לֹא רֻחָ֫מָה n.pr.f. (uncompassionated: Ges§ 152 a, N) symb. name of Hosea’s daughter, Ho 1:6, 8, cf. 2:25 (v. also 2:3).

ἀνελεήμων, ον, genitive ονος, merciless, without mercy, NT+4th c.BC+:—also ἀνηλεήμων, Refs 4th c.BC+ ἀνελήμων. adverb ἀνελεημόνως, ἀπολέσθαιLXX+5th c.BC+

ἀνίλεως [ῑ], ων, Attic dialect for ἀνίλαος (not in use), unmerciful, NT+2nd c.AD+