Living Creatures

† I. חַי adj. alive, living;—ח׳ Gn 25:6 +; חָ֑י Gn 3:20 +, חֵי Am 8:14 + 15 times (Ew§ 329 explains as cstr., but Ges§ 93, R 7 n. al. as contracted abs.); f. חַיָּה Gn 1:20 +; pl. חַיִּים ψ 116:9 +;— 1. a. of God, as the living one, the fountain of life אֵל חַי Jos 3:10 (J), Ho 2:1 ψ 42:3; 84:3; אלהים חי 2 K 19:4, 16 = Is 37:4, 17; אלהים חיים Dt 5:23 1 S 17:26, 36 Je 10:10; 23:36; חי יהוה Yahweh is living ψ 18:47 = 2 S 22:47; גאלי חי my avenger is living Jb 19:25; the formula of the oath is חַי י׳ Ju 8:19 Ru 3:13 1 S 14:39, 45; 19:6; 20:3, 21; 25:34; 26:10, 16; 28:10; 29:6 2 S 4:9; 12:5; 14:11; 15:21 1 K 1:29; 2:24; 17:1, 12; 18:10; 22:14 = 2 Ch 18:13, 2 K 5:16, 20 Ho 4:15 Je 4:2; 5:2; 12:16; 16:14, 15; 23:7, 8; 38:16; חי אל Jb 27:2; חי האלהים 2 S 2:27; חי אדני י׳ Je 44:26; חי י׳ צבאות 1 K 18:15 2 K 3:14; as used by God Himself it is חי אנכי Dt 32:40, elsewhere חי אני Nu 14:21, 28 (P) Is 49:18; Je 22:24; 46:18 Ez 5:11; 14:16, 18, 20; 16:48; 17:16, 19; 18:3; 20:3, 31, 33; 33:11, 27; 34:8; 35:6, 11 Zp 2:9, cf. also חֵי דרך באר שׁבע, חֵי אלהיך דן Am 8:14; with the exception of בְּחֵי הָעֹולָם by him who liveth for ever Dn 12:7, חֵי is always (as an artificial distinction of scribes) used of non-sacred oaths, v. b. b. of man; אָדָם חַי a living man La 3:39, in antith. מֵת: חי חי Is 38:19; הַחַי collective Ec 7:2; Absalom 2 S 19:7; Naboth 1 K 21:15; a son or lad 2 S 12:21 1 K 3:22(×2), 23(×2), 25, 26(×2), 27; 17:23; usually pl. חיים alive, living Nu 16:30, 33 (J), 17:13 (P), Dt 4:4; 5:3 Is 8:19 ψ 55:16; 124:3 Pr 1:12 Ec 4:2(×2), 15; 6:8; 9:4, 5 Ru 2:20; taking prisoners alive Jos 8:23 (J) 1 S 15:8 1 K 20:18(×2) 2 K 7:12; 10:14(×2) 2 Ch 25:12; living (prosperously) 1 S 25:6 (We reads לָחִי = לְאָחִי (v. Klo Dr) to my brother, after 𝔙 fratribus meis); elsewhere in phrase כל־הימים אשׁר הֵם (אַתֶּם) היים על (פני) האדמה all the days that they (ye) live upon (the face of) the land Dt 4:10; 12:1; 31:13 1 K 8:40 = 2 Ch 6:31. Note phrases: עוֹד חַי (ים) yet alive Gn 25:6; 43:7, 27, 28; 45:28; 46:30 (J), 45:3, 26 Ex 4:18 (E), Dt 31:27 1 Sa 20:14 2 S 12:22; 18:14 1 K 20:32; בהיות חי 2 S 12:18 1 K 12:6 2 Ch 10:6; אֶרֶץ (הַ)חַיִים land of the living Is 38:11; 53:8 Je 11:19 Ez 26:20; 32:23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32 ψ 27:13; 52:7; 142:6 Jb 28:13; ארצות הח׳ ψ 116:9; ספר ח׳ ψ 69:29; צרור הח׳ bundle of the living 1 S 25:29; אור הח׳ light of the living Jb 33:30 ψ 56:14. In the oath by life of men חי is pointed always חֵי: חֵי אדני המלך as my lord the king liveth 2 S 15:21; חֵי פרעה Gn 42:15, 16 (E); חֵי נַפְשְׁךָ 1 S 1:26; 17:55 2 S 14:19; חַי י׳ וְחֵי נַפְשְׁךָ as Yahweh liveth and as thy soul (or thyself) liveth 1 S 20:3; 25:26 2 K 2:2, 4, 6; 4:30 חַיֶּךָ וְחֵי נ׳ 2 S 11:11 (but on text v. We Dr). c. of animals, alive, living: ox Ex 21:35; 22:3 (E); goat Lv 16:10, 20, 21 (P); bird Lv 14:4, 6(×2), 7, 51, 53; dog, לְכֶלֶב חַי הוּא טוֹב מִן־הָאַרְיֵה הַמֵּת Ec 9:4 (comp. Arabic prov. Kalb ḥay wa-lâ maiyit, a living dog and no dead lion Wetzst Verhand. Berl. Anthrop. Ges 1878, 388); reptiles Gn 1:28 (P); animals in general Gn 9:3 (P); בשׂר חי living, raw flesh Lv 13:10, 14, 15(×2), 16 (P) 1 S 2:15. d. animals and man, phrases for either or both: כל חי Gn 3:20; 8:21 (J) Jb 12:10; 28:21; 30:23 ψ 143:2; 145:16; כל החי Gn 6:19 (P); נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 1:20, 24, 30 (P) 2:7, 19 (J); כל נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 9:12, 15, 16 (P) Ez 47:9; כל נפשׁ החיה Gn 1:21; 9:10 Lv 11:10, 46 (P). e. (dub.) of vegetation, as thorns, green, ψ 58:10 (Ges Ew Ol Pe, but De Ri Che Bae raw flesh, v. c supr. ad fin.) f. of water, flowing, fresh מים חיים Gn 26:19 (J), Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51, 52; 15:13 Nu 19:17 (P), Je 2:13; 17:13 Zc 14:8 Ct 4:15. 2. (dub.) lively, active: אישׁ חַי an active man 2 S 23:20 (but Qr אישׁ חַיִל is to be preferred); איבי חיים mine enemies are lively ψ 38:20 (RV, but Houb Ol Ew Hu. Che al. read חִנָּם, ‖ שׁקר). 3. reviving: כָּעֵת חַיָּה at the time (when it is) reviving, the spring Gn 18:10, 14 (J), 2 K 4:16, 17.

† I. חַיָּה n.f. living thing, animal (Zinj. wild beast DHMSendsch. 34)—ח׳ Gn 8:17 +; cstr. חַיַּת Is 57:10 +; old case ending (poetic) חַיְתוֹ Gn 1:24 ψ 50:10; 79:2; 104:11, 20 Is 56:9(×2) Zp 2:14; sf. חַיָּתִי ψ 143:3, etc.; pl. חַיּוֹת Lv 14:4 + 12 times— 1. animal, as a living, active being: a. in general, Gn 8:17 Lv 11:2, 27, 47(×2) Nu 35:3 (P) ψ 104:25 Is 46:1 Dn 8:4. b. wild animals, on account of their vital energy and activity Gn 7:14, 21; 8:1, 19; 9:5 (P) Lv 17:13; 25:7 (H) Jb 37:8 ψ 148:10 Is 40:16 Ez 14:15; 33:27 Zp 2:14, 15; ח׳ קנה ψ 68:31 wild animal of the reeds; ח׳ רעה evil beast Gn 37:20, 33 (JE) Lv 26:6 (H) Ez 5:17; 14:15, 21; 34:25; ח׳ טמאה Lv 5:2 (P) unclean beast; ח׳ הארץ Gn 1:25, 30; 9:2, 10(×2) (P) 1 S 17:46 Ez 29:5; 32:4; 34:28 Jb 5:22; חיתו ארץ Gn 1:24 (P) ψ 79:2; ח׳ השׂדה Ex 23:11, 29 (covt. code) Lv 26:22 (H) Dt 7:22 2 S 21:10, 2 K 14:9 = 2 Ch 25:18, Ho 2:14, 20; 4:3; 13:8 Is 43:20 Je 27:6; 28:14 Ez 38:20; 39:4 Jb 5:23; 39:15; כל ח׳ השׂדה Gn 2:19, 20; 3:1, 14 (J) Jb 40:20 Je 12:9 Ez 31:6, 13; 34:5, 8; 39:17; חיתו שׂדי Is 56:9 ψ 104:11; חיתו (ב)יער Is 56:9 ψ 50:10; 104:20; פְּרִיץ חיות Is 35:9 destroyer among beasts. c. living beings, of the cherubic chariot Ez 1:5, 13(×2), 14, 15(×2), 19(×2), 20, 21, 22; 3:13; 10:15, 17, 20. 2. life, only in late poetry, ψ 143:3 Jb 33:18, 20, 22, 28; 36:14 Ez 7:13(×2), and (dub.) ψ 74:19; 78:50. 3. appetite, activity of hunger: חית כפרים appetite of young lions Jb 38:39. 4. revival, renewal: חַיַּת יָדֵךְ מָצָאתְ thou didst find renewal of thy strength (re-invigoration) Is 57:10; v. חָיָה" dir="rtl" >חָיָה 2.

† I. יוֹנָה n.f. dove (NH id.; Aramaic id., ܝܰܘܢܳܐ )—abs. יוֹנָה Gn 8:8 + 20 times; cstr. יוֹנַת ψ 56:1; sf. יוֹנָתִי Ct 2:14 + 2 times; pl. יוֹנִים Na 2:8 + 6 times; cstr. יוֹנֵי Ez 7:16 (v. infr.);—dove Gn 8:9, 10, 11, 12 (all J); often of offerings, בֶּן־יוֹנָה Lv 12:6 (P; an individual of the species; ‖ תֹּר); בְּנֵי (ה)יונה (‖ תֹּרִים) 1:14; 5:7, 11; 12:3; 14:22, 30; 15:14, 29 Nu 6:10 (all P); חֲרֵי יוֹנִים dove’s dung 2 K 6:25 (Kt, yet v. GeiUrschrift 409); in various similes: Ephr. is כְּיוֹנָה פּוֹתָה like a silly dove Ho 7:11 (allowing itself to be snared); sim. of retun of exiles, like eager flight of doves 11:11, of ships with white outspread sails Is 60:8; אֵבֶר כַּיּוֹנָה ψ 55:7; v. also כַּנְפֵי יוֹנָה 68:14; sim. of fugitive Moab Je 48:28; also כְּיוֹנֵי הַגֵּאָיוֹת Ez 7:16 like the doves of the valleys (but on txt v. Co, who emends כיונים הוֹגִיּוֹת, but regards phr. as gloss); sim. of mourning כְּקוֹל יוֹנִים Na 2:8; without קוֹל, הגה כיונים Is 38:14; 59:11 (from mournful note); fig. of beauty (only Ct): עֵינַיִךְ יוֹנִים thine eyes are (those of) doves Ct 1:15; 4:1, v. also v 12; term of endearment, יוֹנָתִי my dove Ct 2:14; 5:2; 6:9. Elsewhere only ψ 56:1 (title) יוֹנַח אֵלֶם רְחֹקִים (עַל) prob. name of melody: To ‘the dove of distant terebinths’ (read אֵלִים for אֵלֶם; v. אֵלֶם supr. p. 48, and Baeψψ, p. xvii).—On sanctity of dove among Semites, v. RSSem.i. 202, 275.

ζῷον, τό, living being, animal, Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῷα, opposed to φυτά, Refs; ζ. θαλάττιον, χερσαῖον, Refs 1st c.BC+.; contemptuously, ὅπως ἡ χώρα τοῦ τοιούτου ζῴου καθαρὰ γίγνηται may be free from this kind of animal (i.e. beggars), Refs 5th c.BC+; ζ. πονηρόν, of women, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II in art, figure, image, not necessarily of animals (compare ζῴδιον), ζῷον δέ οἱ ἐνῆν, ἀνὴρ ἱππεύς Refs 5th c.BC+: mostly in plural, ζῷα ἐς τὴν ἐσθῆτα ἐγγράφειν Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῷα γράψασθαι τὴν ζεῦξιν τοῦ Βοσπόρου to have pictures of the bridging of the Bosporus painted, Refs 5th c.BC+; compare ζωγραφέω: ζῷα ποιεῖν Refs 1st c.AD+ __III sign of the Zodiac, Refs 8th c.BC+, no generic word used for animal being found till after the middle of the fifth cent. BC Refs 7th c.BC+ by contraction: ι is found in Refs 3rd c.BC+., and in codices optative in the Noun; the adjective ζωός (which see) had no ι: for the compounds (except ζωγλύφος, ζωγράφος) decisive evidence is lacking: ζῳάγρια with ι was read by Refs 8th c.BC+

† II. תֹּר, תּוֹר n.f. Lv 5:7 (m. Lv 14:30) turtle-dove (onomatop.);—abs. תֹּר Gn 15:9 (J; + גּוֹזָל), Je 8:7 (as migratory); as sacrif. offering (RSSem. i. 202; 2nd ed. 219, 294) [usually יוֹנָה (בְּנֵי) בֶּן] Lv 1:14; 5:7, 11; 12:6, 8; 14:22, 30; 15:14, 29; Nu 6:10 (all P; cf.also Gn 15:9); קוֹל הַתּוֹר Ct 2:12; sf. תּוֹרֶ֑ךָ ψ 74:19 (fig. of י׳’s people).—Vid. TristrNHB 201 ff. Shipley-CookEncy. Bib. Dove PostHast. DB Turtle-Dove.—i. תֹּר v. i. תּוֹר.

קֵן n.m. Dt 22:6 nest;—abs. ק׳ Is 10:14; +; cstr. קַן־ Dt 22:6; sf. קִנּוֹ 32:11; +, etc.; pl. קִנִּים Gn 6:14;— 1. nest, of bird Dt 22:6 Jb 39:27; in sim. Is 10:14 Pr 27:8, of nestlings Dt 32:11 Is 16:2 (קֵן מְשֻׁלָּח֑), perhaps also עִם־נִּי Jb 29:18, but difficult, CheJQ July, 1897, 578 proposes זָקֵן or בִּזִקֻנַי (cf. 𝔊); nest on high, of rock-dwellings Nu 24:21 (JE) Je 49:16; Ob 4; fig. of Chaldeans’ secure abode Hb 2:9; temple as secure home for Isr. ψ 84:4 (fig. of swallow). 2. cells, like nests, in Noah’s ark Gn 6:14 (P; read prob. קִנִּים קִנִּים, so Lag Ol BuUrg. 255 Di Holz Gunk).

ἀλέκτωρ, ορος, ἡ, (ἀ- privative, λέγω) __B ={ἄλεκτρος}, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† עֹרֵב n.m. Lv 11:15 raven;—ע׳ Is 34:11; הָע׳ Gn 8:7 Lv 11:15; Dt 14:14; Jb 38:41; כָּעוֹרֵב Ct 5:11 black as the raven; בְּנֵי עֹרֵב ψ 147:9, young ravens; pl. abs. הָעֹרְבִים 1 K 17:4, 6; cstr. עֹרְבֵי־נַחַל Pr 30:17.

† קַשְׂקֶ֑שֶׂת n.f. scale of fish, etc.;—of water-animals having סְנַפִּיר וְק׳ fin and scale Dt 14:9, 10 = Lv 11:9, 10, 12; pl. קַשְׂקַשִּׂים, of scale-armour 1 S 17:5; pl. sf. קַשְׂקְשׂתֶיךָ Ez 29:4(×2) (of Pharaoh under fig. of crocodile).

† I. זְאֵב n.m. Is 11:6 wolf (NH id., Arabic ذِئْبٌ (jackal according to HomNS 303 ff.; but see RSZMG 1880, 373 and DoughtyArabic Deserta i. 327; ii, 144, 145) Aramaic דֵּיבָה, ܕܺܐܒܳܐ, Assyrian zîbu DlS 47; Ethiopic ዝእብ hyena Di1056 (on format. cf. LagBN 58); Ph. in cpd.n.pr. זיבקם)—זְאֵב abs. Gn 49:27 + 2 times; cstr. Je 5:6; pl. זְאֵבִים Ez 22:27; cstr. זְאֵבֵי Hb 1:8 Zp 3:3;—wolf, never in narrative; in predictions of peace in Messian. age וְגָר זְאֵב עִם כֶּבֶשׂ Is 11:6 זְאֵב וְטָלֶה יִרְעוּ כְּאֶחָד Is 65:25; in simile, of Benjamin’s fierceness ב׳ זְאֵב יִטְרָ֑ף Gn 49:27; of fierce horses of Chaldeans חַדּוּ מִזְּאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Hb 1:8 (‖ קַלּוּ מִנְּמֵרִים); of princes of Judah כִּזְאֵבִים טֹרְפֵי טָ֑רֶף Ez 22:27; metaph. of enemies of Judah Je 5:6 זְאֵב עֲרָבוֹת (‖ אַרְיֵה, נָמֵר); of corrupt and oppressive judges שֹׁפְטֶיהָ זְאֵבֵי עֶרֶב Zp 3:3 (‖ אֲרָיוֹת שֹׁאֲגִים).

† חַי adj. living (BH id.);— 1. of God: cstr. חַי Dn 4:31, emph. חַיָּא 6:21, 27; men, pl. emph. חַיַּיָּא the living 2:30; 4:14 (חַי עָֽלְמָא). 2. pl. as n. abstr. life (BH חַיִּים): חַיִּין 7:12; cstr. חַיֵּי Ezr 6:10.

κάμηλος [ᾰ], ὁ and ἡ (as in Refs 5th c.BC+, camel, Camelus bactrianus and C. dromedarius Refs 4th c.BC+; τοὺς ἔρσενας τῶν κ. Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. ἀμνός a camel-lamb, i.e. young camel, NT+5th c.BC+; compare κάμιλος. __2 ἡ κ. camelry, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Semitic word, cf. Hebrew gāmāl.)

λύκος [ῠ], ὁ, wolf, Refs 8th c.BC+; πολιός grisly,Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀρέστεροιRefs 8th c.BC+; the small Egyptian wolves mentioned by Refs 5th c.BC+ were perhaps jackals: various kinds distinguished by Refs 3rd c.AD+ to see a wolf, i. e. to be struck dumb, as was vulgarly believed of any one at whom a wolf got the first look Refs 5th c.BC+; λύκου πτερά, of things that are not, 'pigeon's milk', Refs; ὡς λ. χανών, of vain expectation, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρίν κεν λ. οἶν ὑμεναιοῖ, of an impossibility, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὡς λύκοι ἄρν᾽ ἀγαπῶσιν, of treacherous or unnatural love, poetical cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; λύκου βίον ζῆν, i. e. live by rapine, Prov. cited in Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐκ λύκου στόματος, of getting a thing praeter spem, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τῶν ὤτων ἔχειν τὸν λύκον 'catch a Tartar', Refs 4th c.BC+; λ. ἀετὸν φεύγει, of the inescapable, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II a kind of daw, Refs 4th c.BC+; compare λύκιος. __III a fish, ={καλλιώνυμος}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV a kind of spider, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V anything shaped like a hook: __V.1 a jagged bit for hard-mouthed horses, Latin lupus, Refs 1st c.AD+; compare λυκοσπάς. __V.2 hook or knocker on a door, Refs 5th c.AD+ __V.3 flesh-hook, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VI nickname of παιδερασταί, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VII the flower of the iris, Philin. cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __VIII a kind of noose, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IX a pastille used in dysentery, Refs 6th c.AD+ __X ={ὀροβάγχη}, variant in marginal of Refs 1st c.AD+ __XI an engine of war for defending gates, Refs 6th c.AD+. (Cf. Sanskrit vŕ[null]kas, Lithuanian vi[ltilde]kas, Slavonic vl[ucaron]k[ucaron], Gothic wulfs.)

† [בֵּיצָה] n.f. Is 10:14 egg (NH id., Arabic بَيْضَةٌ, Aramaic בִּיעֲתָא, ܒܺܝܥܬܳܐ )—only Pl. בֵּיצִים Dt 22:6(×2) Is 10:14; cstr. בֵּיצֵי Is 59:5; sf. בֵּיצֶיהָ Jb 39:14, בֵּיצֵיהֶם Is 59:5;—eggs Is 10:14 (of small bird צפור) Dt 22:6(×2), cf. Is 10:14 (in simil.); (of ostrich רננים) Jb 39:14; (of great viper צפעוני) Is 59:5(×2) (metaph.)

† חֲסִידָה n.f. stork (so called as kind and affectionate to its young)—Lv 11:19 = Dt 14:18; ψ 104:17; Je 8:7; Zc 5:9; cf. Lat. pietaticultrix.

† קָאַת, קָאָת n.[f.] a bird, usually pelican (cf. 𝔊 Lv Dt ψ, 𝔙 ψ (der. by Thes from [קוא], קיא (v. Köii. 1, 173, and, on ת, Ges§ 80 g), as throwing up food from its crop for its young); but sea-fowl improb. in ψ Is; NH קָאָת, 𝔗 קָאתָא id.);—abs. הַקָּאָת Lv 11:18 = Dt 14:17, as unclean; קָאַת (van d. H. Gi; Baer קָאָת) Is 34:11; Zp 2:14, as inhabiting ruins; cstr. קְאַת מִדְבָּר ψ 102:7, sim. of loneliness.

† שְׂלָו n.f. Ex 16:13 quail (prob. foreign word; Arabic سَلْوَى, Syriac ܣܰܠܘܰܝ, Sam. ࠔࠋࠅࠉ );—quail, coturnix communis vel vulgaris (TristrNHB 229 ff. FFP 124 PostHast.DB. quail, Di Ex 16:13):—abs. coll. Nu 11:32 (J); Ex 16:13 (P), ψ 105:40 (in all Qr שְׂלָיו); pl. שַׂלְוִים Nu 11:31 (J; as if from sg. שַׂלְוֶה).

† I. שָׁפָן n.m. Lv 11:5 rock-badger, hyrax syriacus, AV RV coney;—abs. שׁ׳ Dt 14:7 = Lv 11:5 (P; unclean animal); living in rocks, pl. שְׁפַנִּים ψ 104:18 Pr 30:26.—Vid. RobBR iii. 66, 387 TrNHB 75; FFP 1, and Pl. 1 Dr Dt PostHast. DB coney McLean-ShipleyEncy. Bib. id..

ἀλώπηξ [ᾰ], εκος (also ἀλώπηκοςRefs 6th c.BC+, ; dative plural, ἀλώπεξιLXX, Epic dialect ἀλωπήκεσσιRefs 3rd c.AD+:—fox, Canis vulpes (smaller Egyptian species Refs 4th c.BC+, C. niloticus), Refs 7th c.BC+: of sly persons, ἀλώπεκος ἴχνεσι βαίνεινRefs 6th c.BC+; μῆτιν ἀ. a very fox for craft, Refs 5th c.BC+ we must trail Archilochus' foxskin behind, i.e. deceive by false appearances, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἀ. τὸν βοῦν ἐλαύνει 'sleight masters might', Refs 4th c.AD+; πεινῶσαν ἀ. ὕπνος ἐπέρχεται 'qui dort dine', Refs; ἡ κέρκος τῇ ἀλώπεκι μαρτυρεῖ 'ex pede Herculem', Refs; ἀλλ᾽ οὐκ αὖθις ἀ. (i.e. πάγαις ἁλώσεται) 'a burnt child dreads the fire', Refs __II a large bat, Sciurus or Pteromys volans, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III ={ἀλωπεκίας} Refs __IV in plural, muscles of the loins, psoas-muscles, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V ={ἀλωπεκία} Refsmange, Refs 3rd c.BC+: in plural, bald patches, Refs 5th c.BC+ __VI kind of dance, uncertain in Refs 5th c.BC+

τετρά-πους, ὁ, ἡ, πουν, τό, genitive ποδος, plural ποδα, four-footed, Refs 5th c.BC+; λεία τ. a booty of cattle, Refs 2nd c.BC+; τετράποδα ζῴδια, viz. Aries, Taurus, Leo, Sagittarius, Refs __2 τετράπουν, τό, quadruped, beast, NT+5th c.BC+ __II of things, δίφρος τ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 of four feet in length or area, Refs 5th c.BC+

† יְקוּם n.[m.] substance, existence כָּל־הַיְקוּם = all that subsists Gn 7:4, 23 (man and animal), in more limited sense Dt 11:6.

† עֲטַלֵּף n.[m.] bat (quadrilit., Ges§ 85 w Sta§ 243, 8; NH id.; Ph. οθολαβαδ GesMon. Ph. 391; LewyFremdw. 17 cp. ἀττέλεβος, name of a locust in N. Africa Herod. iv. 172);—י׳ abs. Lv 11:19 (H), = Dt 14:18 (unclean creature); pl. עֲטַלֵּפִים Is 2:20.

† אֲנָפָה n.f. an unclean bird (cf. Assyrian anpatu DlHA 33; meaning quite dub.; on conjectures v. Di Lv 11:19) Lv 11:19; Dt 14:18.

אָ֫נָה, אָ֫נֶה v. אָן sub אַי.

† עָגוּר n.[m.] appar. understood by Mass. as name of a bird; very uncertain; crane according to Saad. (Is), but note of crane not suitable (TristrNHB 239 f.);—וְתוֹר וְסוּס וְעָגוּר Je 8:7; כְּסוּס עָגוּר Is 38:14 (but here gloss Klo Brd Di Dn CheHpt); Thes and (in Je) Hi Gf Gie del. וְ and take ע׳ as adj. of סוס = twittering or the like; Thes assumes transpos. from גער, Ethiopic ግዕረ: cry.

† [צָפִיעַ] n.[m.] dung of cattle;—pl. cstr. צְפִיעֵי הַבָּקָר Ez 4:15 Qr (opp. גֶּלְלֵי הָאָדָם), so Co Toy al., > Kt צפועי.

† [קוֹף] n.[m.] ape, so Vrss, 𝔊 πίθηκοι (om. 𝔊B in K) (foreign word; prob. = Skr. kapi, id.; Egyptian as loan-word gôfë WMMAs. u. Eur. 95, giʾf ErmanZMG xlvi (1892), 121; Gk. κῆβος, κῆπος is of Egyptian orig. according to LewyFremdw. 6);—pl. קֹפִים 1 K 10:22 = קוֹפִים 2 Ch 9:21, brought to Sol. [from SE.] by Phoenician fleet; cf. Arabic prov. ‘donum regionis Jemen simiae sunt,’ FreytagProv. iii. 3160.

† I. קֹרֵא n.m. Je 17:11 usually partridge (from calling; v. Gray in FFP 123 PostHastings DB s.v. TristrMoab 129, 144 f.; otherwise BoHieroz. Pt. 2, 81 ff.; ed. Rosenm. vol. ii. 632 ff.);—1 S 26:20; Je 17:11, cf. עֵין הַקּוֹ׳ Ju 15:19.

† [שַׁ֫חַף] n.[m.] prob. sea-mew, gull (cf. 𝔊 𝔙) (from attenuated body, Thes); so Post Hast. DB Cuckow TristrNHB 210 ff.; sterna fluviatilis, or tern Id FFP 135 M’Lean-Shipley Ency. Bib. Id.;—הַשָּׁ֑חַף Dt 14:15 = Lv 11:16 (P), in list of unclean birds.

† שָׁלָךְ n.[m.] bird of prey, prob. cormorant (as hurling itself from above;—cf. Thes 1419 Di Lv TristrNHB 252 McLean-ShipleyEncy. Bib. cormorant);—Dt 14:17; Lv 11:17 (P).

† תֻּכִּיִּים n.m. peacocks (according to 𝔗 𝔖 Jerome Rabb.; perhaps = Malabar tôgai, tôghai, peacock Thes1502);—1 K 10:22 = תּוּכִּיִּים 2 Ch 9:21 + ivory, apes.

βάτρᾰχος [βᾰ], ὁ, frog, Refs 5th c.BC+ a very frog to drink, Refs 4th c.BC+; βατράχοις οἰνοχοεῖν, of those who give what is not wanted, Refs 5th c.BC+; χλωρὸς β., of the tree-frog, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II ={ἁλιεύς}, a kind of fish, fishing-frog or sea-angler, Lophius piscatorius, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III frog of a horse's hoof, Refs: hence Astron., of the star β Centauri, Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV ἐσχάρας εἶδος, Refs 5th c.AD+ __V swelling under the tongue, Refs 6th c.AD+ —Dial. forms are cited by Grammars, __V.1 Ionic dialect βάθρακος, cited from Refs 8th c.BC+; Ionic dialect also βότραχος Refs 6th c.BC+ __V.2 βράταχος Refs 5th c.AD+ __V.3 Refs 5th c.AD+ __V.4 Refs 6th c.BC+ __V.5 Pontic βάβακος Refs

κόραξ, ᾰκος, ὁ, raven, Corvus corax (not in Refs 8th c.BC+; πάντα τάδ᾽ ἐν κοράκεσσι καὶ ἐν φθόρῳ 'food for crows', Refs 6th c.BC+; in imprecations, ἐς κόρακας 'go and be hanged', Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐς κ. ἐρρήσετεRefs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐς κ. ἀποφθερε; Refs 2nd c.AD+: as a prophet of bad weather, Refs 4th c.BC+; of fair weather, Refs 4th c.BC+; λευκὸς κ., proverbial of something unheard of, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 cormorant, Phalacrocorax carbo, Refs __3 the constellation Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 title of a grade in the mysteries of Mithras, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II anything hooked or pointed like a raven's beak,Refs __II.1 engine for grappling ships,Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.1.b siege-engine, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II.2 hooked door-handle, Refs 3rd c.BC+; hook on a machine, Refs 3rd c.BC+: generally, hook, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.3 instrument of torture, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.4 ={κατακλείς}, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.5 point of a surgical knife, σμιλαρίου Refs 1st c.AD+; κατιάδος Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.6 cock's bill, Refs 5th c.AD+ __III tub-fish (compare κορακῖνος), Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV a plaster, Refs 3rd c.AD+, Latin corvus, cornix, etc.)

II. אֶ֫לֶף n.m. Ju 6:15 thousand (אלף MI, SI, Sab. DHMZMG 1875, 615; Arabic أَلْفٌ, Aramaic ܐܳܠܶܦ, אֲלַף, אלפיא; cf. Ethiopic እልፍ mille, myrias)*.—(אָ֑׳)א׳ Gn 20:16 +; sf. אַלְפִּי †Ju 6:15; du. אַלְפַּיִם Nu 4:36 +; pl. אֲלָפִים Ex 18:21 +; cstr. אַלְפֵי Ex 32:28 +; אֲלָפֶיךָ Dt 7:13 + 2 times; אֲלָפָיו Qr 1 S 18:7 + 2 times (Kt ־פו)—a thousand. 1. numeral: a. used with noun alone; mostly before noun Nu 35:4 Jos 7:3 Ne 3:13 1 Ch 18:4 +; after noun (late) 1 Ch 12:35 + 6 times Ch Ezr Ne; א׳ בָּאַמָּה Nu 35:5(×4) Ez 47:3 (del. Co); the noun always pl. when preceding, sometimes when following, 1 S 25:2 1 K 3:4 2 K 18:23 = Is 36:8 2 Ch 30:24 ψ 90:4 Jb 42:12 Ec 6:6; elsewhere sg. אישׁ Ju 9:49; 15:15, 16 Jos 7:3 +; אַמָּה Nu 35:4 + (so SI); דּוֹר Dt 7:9 +, cf. 1 Ch 18:4; 19:6 2 K 15:19 Jb 42:12 Ct 4:4 Is 7:23, noun sometimes coll.; א׳ pl. cstr. Mi 6:7 ψ 119:72 Gn 24:60; noun not expr. (or not fully) Gn 20:16 Nu 31:5, 6 +; distrib. אֶלֶף … אֶלָף Nu 31:4; multipl. Dt 1:11 א׳ פְּעָמִים; indef. for great no. (pl.) Ex 20:6; 34:7 Dt 5:10 Je 32:18, (sg.) Dt 32:30 Ec 6:6 +. b. א׳ + other num. usually precedes it Ex 38:25 + often; but foll. רִבּוֹא Ezr 2:64 + 2 times; it follows also smaller no. Nu 3:50 1 K 5:12 (so SI); the noun foll. in sg. Ex 38:25 + 8 times; pl. 2 S 8:4 + 2 times; noun precedes, in pl. (late) Dn 12:12 + 2 times; noun not expr. Ex 38:28 + often c. א׳ × other no. always foll. Ex 12:37 +; usual order is no. × א׳ + additional no. (if any) + noun (ifexpr.) Nu. 31:52 Ju 20:35 cf. Ex 12:37 2 K 3:4(×2) +; less often noun + no. × א׳ Nu 31:33 1 K 8:63 +; (other combin. v. Ex 38:26 Nu 26:51; 31:32 Ez 48:30 1 Ch 29:7 etc.); א׳ usually sg. Nu 11:21 +; except after units, where pl. abs. Nu 1:46 Ju 20:34 + (so MI); seld. pl. cstr. Ex 32:28 Ju 4:10 Jb 1:3(×2); (noun mostly sg. when foll. Ju 4:10 1 K 12:21 +, yet pl. Jos 4:13 1 S 13:5 +; when preceding it is pl. 1 Ch 5:21 +, or coll. Nu 31:33 1 S 25:2 1 K 8:63 2 Ch 7:5 +); אֶלָף אֲלָפִים 1 Ch 21:5; 22:14 2 Ch 14:8; אַלְפֵי שִׁנְאָן ψ 68:18, cf. שִׁנְאָן" dir="rtl" >שִׁנְאָן; בְּהַרְרֵי אָ֑לֶף ψ 50:10, read אֵל cf. ψ 36:7, Ol Bi Che; yet v. Hup De.— Note. 10,000 = עֲשֶׂרֶת אֲלָפִים etc. Ju 1:4; 3:29 1 K 5:28 1 Ch 29:7 +; less often רִבּוֹ, רְבָבָה etc. q.v. 2. a thousand, a company of 1000 men, as united under one superior, or leader, hence שַׂר א׳ (שָׂרֵי) Ex 18:21, 25 cf. Nu 31:14 +; cf. רָאשֵׁי א׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Nu 1:16; 10:4 Jos 22:21, 30 & v. infr.; cf. also 1 S 29:2; especially family, etc. Ju 6:15 1 S 10:19 (‖ שֵׁבֶט & cf. מִשְׁפַּחַת v 21); cf. Mi 5:1;—Nu 10:36 (רִבְבוֹת אַלְפֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל) 31:5 Jos 22:14 1 S 23:23 apparently shew transit. to this technical use.

† בְּהֵמוֹת n.m. behemoth, i.e. hippopotamus (appar. pl. intens. of foreg.; according to Di Jb 40:15 cf. De Is 30:6 from an (assumed) Egyptian p-ehemau, ox of the water) Jb 40:15 (on identity, cf. further BoHieroz. iii. 705); prob. also ψ 73:22 בְּהֵמוֹת הָיִיתִי עִמָּ֑ךְ a behemoth was I with (toward) thee (so Hi De; Che beasts); according to De Or also in בַּהֲמוֹת Is 30:6 the burden of the behemoth of the south (supposed to be a designation of Egypt; but this unlikely, cf. Che Di, read therefore) rather beasts of the south, viz. of Judah.

† בִּכְרָה n.f. young camel, dromedary (Arabic بَكْرَهٌ young she-camel) Je 2:23; pl. cstr. בִּכְרֵי Is 60:6.

† I. דִּישֹׁן n.[m.] a clean animal, 𝔊 πύγαργος cf. 𝔙; hence AV RV & most pygarg, a kind of antelope or gazelle, cf. Di Lv 11:2 f.; perhaps rather mountain-goat, HomNS 391 cf. Ethiopic Vrs.; only Dt 14:5—(Hom l.c. der. from √ דושׁ with kindred meaning of spring, leap & comp. Assyrian daššu; so already DlS i. 54).

† חַיּוּת n.f. abstr. אַלְמְנוּת חַיּוּת 2 S 20:3, lit. ‘widowhood of livingness,’ Dr; We reads אַלְמָנוֹת חַיּוֹת living widows (‘grass-widows,’ who were separated from their husbands), after 𝔊 χῆραι ζῶσαι, so SS.

† חֹ֫לֶד n.[m.] weasel (NH חוּלְדָּא; Arabic خُلْدٌ mole or blind-rat, or a species of rat; on format. v. LagBN 144)—weasel Lv 11:29 (Vrss Ki Thes al. v. especially Di; >Saad Bö MV SS Lag l.c. mole).

† חֹ֫מֶט n.[m.] a kind of lizard, only in list of unclean creeping animals Lv 11:30 וְהָאֲנָקָה וְהַכֹּחַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹמֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃ (Aramaic ܚܽܘܠܡܳܛܳܐ is chameleon).

† II. נָא adj. raw, of flesh Ex 12:9 (P; opp. בשׁל).