Dawn and Twilight

† שַׁ֫חַר n.m. Gn 19:15 dawn;—abs. שׁ׳ 1 S 9:26 +, שָׁ֑חַר Ju 19:25 +; הַשַּׁחַר Gn 19:15; Ps 22:1;—dawn, c. עָלָה rise Gn 19:15; 32:25, 27; Jos 6:15 (all J), Ju 19:25; 1 S 9:26; Ne 4:15; Jon 4:7; opp. עֵיפָה Am 4:13; as adv. at dawn ψ 57:9 = 108:3; עַפְעַפֵּי־שׁ׳ Jb 3:9; 41:10; כַּנִפֵי־שׁ׳ ψ 139:9; 110:3 read prob. רֶחֶם שׁ׳ (v. מִשְׁחָר infr.); שׁ׳ also Jb 38:12, in sim. Ho 6:3 (but read כְּשַׁחֲרֵנוּ כֵּן נִמְצָאֵהוּ as inf., v. following, GieBeitr. 208 We Now GASm Marti), Is 58:8; Ct 6:10; Jo 2:2 (al. blackness, ‖ עָנָן וַעֲרָפֶל); בֶּן־שׁ׳ Is 14:12 (of star, fig. of royal splendour;—lit. as myth RSK 300); אֵין לוֹ שׁ׳ Is 8:20 is obscure, so also בַּשּׁ׳ Ho 10:15 (We in storm, i.e. בַּשַּׂעַר).—Is 47:11 usually, but improbably, dawn (origin) of calamity: JHMich Hi Ew Röd (Thes) De Di al. charm away (RVm) (Arabic سَحَرَ enchant (WeHeid. 2. 159, 200), سِحْرٌ enchantment [= Sab. סחר DHMHofmus. 24. 1]); but v. [שָׁחַד]. Also צֶרֶת הַשַּׁחַר v. p. 886.

† I. נֹ֫גַהּ n.f. Hb 3:4 (?) brightness;—נ׳ abs. Am. 5:20 +; cstr. Is 4:5 +; sf. נָגְהָם Jo 2:10; 4:15;—brightness of a (clear, sunshiny) day Am 5:20 (‖ אוֹר; opp. אָפֵל, חֹשֶׁךְ), 2 S 23:4 (מִמָּטָר after rain); so fig. of Zion’s dawning, נ׳ זַרְחֵךְ Is 60:3 (‖ אוֹר); of her righteousness כַּנֹּגַהּ 62:1 (c. art. only here and Ez 1:28), ‖ כְּלַפִּיד יִבְעָ֑ר; of moon Is 60:19, of stars Jo 2:10; 4:15; of theophany 2 S 22:13 = ψ 18:13 (in storm); cf. Ez 1:4, 27, 28, נ׳ כְּבוֹד י׳ 10:4; נ׳ כאור Hb 3:4; נ׳ לָאֵשׁ Ez 1:13, נ׳ אֵשׁ לֶהָבָה Is 4:5; נ׳ בְּרַק חֲנִיתֶ֑ךָ Hb 3:11 (of glitter of י׳’s spear; ‖ אוֹר חִצֶּיךָ); of individ., וְאֵין נ׳ לוֹ Is 50:10 (fig. of distress ‖ חֲשֵׁכִים); so וְאֹרַח צַדִּיקִים כְּאוֹר נ׳ Pr 4:18 the path of righteous men is like a light of brightness.

† נֶ֫שֶׁף n.m. twilight (proposes twilight-breeze, cf. לְרוּחַ הַיּוֹם Gn 3:8; NH id.; 𝔗 נְשַׁף, נִשְׁפָּא);—נ׳ abs. 1 S 30:17 +, נָ֑שֶׁף Je 13:16; cstr. Is 21:4; sf. נִשְׁפּוֹ Jb 3:9;— 1. evening twilight 2 K 7:5, 7 (cf. לַיְלָה v 12); opp. בֹּקֶר Is 5:11; time of concealment Jb 24:15 Pr 7:9 (+ עֶרֶב יוֹם, אִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה, to emphasize sin that shuns the day); of refreshing Is 21:4 (נ׳ חִשְׁקִי); of stumbling, in dim light Is 59:10 (opp. צָהֳרַיִם), so הָרֵי נָ֑שֶׁף Je 13:16 (both fig.); כּוֹכְבֵי נִשְׁפּוֹ Jb 3:9 the stars of its twilight (i.e. of night of Job’s birth).—so מֵהַנּ׳ וְעַד־הָעֶרֶב לְמָחֳרָתָם 1 S 30:17 Klo Kit HPS (read לְהַחֲרִמָם for לְמָח׳, We Kit Bu); Th, after Luth, sub 2, so Buhl Lex SS; Löhr allows either. 2. morning twilight Jb 7:4 (opp. עֶרֶב), appar. also ψ 119:147.

ὄρθρος, ὁ, the time just before or about daybreak, dawn, cock-crow (ἀπ᾽ ὄρθρου μέχρι περ ἂν ἥλιος ἀνάσχῃ Refs 5th c.BC+at dawn, Refs 8th c.BC+; πρὸς ὄρθρον towards dawn, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν ὄ., absolutely, in the morning, Refs 5th c.BC+; δι᾽ ὄρθρων each morning early, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄ. βαθύς dim morning twilight, ἀλλὰ νῦν ὄ. β. NT+5th c.BC+ __II Ὄρθρος, ὁ, a mythical dog, son of Typhaon and Echidna, that kept the herds of Geryoneus on the island Erytheia, and was there killed by Heracles, Refs 8th c.BC+

ἐπιφώσκω, =ἐπιφαύσκω, grow towards daylight, dawn, NT+1st c.AD+ __II transitive, let shine forth, φέγγος poetical de herb.Refs

αὐγή, ἡ, light of the sun, and in plural, rays, beams, πέπτατο δ᾽ αὐ. ἠελίουRefs 8th c.BC+; ἠελίου ἴδεν αὐγάς, i. e. was born, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπ᾽ αὐγὰς ἠελίοιο, i.e. still alive, Refs 8th c.BC+; αὐγὰς ἐσιδεῖν see the light, i.e. to be alive, Refs 6th c.BC+; ὑπ᾽ αὐγὰς λεύσσειν or ἰδεῖν τι hold up to the light and look at, Refs 5th c.BC+ in a full and in a side light, Refs 5th c.BC+; δυθμαὶ αὐγῶν sun-set, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξύνορθρον αὐγαῖς dawning with the sun, Refs 4th c.BC+; κλύζειν πρὸς αὐγάς rise surging towards the sun, Refs; λαμπροτάτη τῶν παρεουσέων αὐγέων brightest light available, Refs 5th c.BC+ 'life's setting sun', Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 αὐγαὶ ἠελίοιο or αὐγαί alone, the East, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 dawn, day-break, NT __4 generally, any bright light, πυρὸς αὐγήRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀρίζηλοι δέ οἱ αὐγαί, of lightning,Refs 5th c.BC+; of a beacon, Refs 8th c.BC+; distinguished from φλόξ, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __5 of the eyes, ὀμμάτων αὐγαίRefs 5th c.BC+; αὐγαί alone, the eyes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __6 gleam, sheen, of bright objects, αὐ. χαλκείηRefs 8th c.BC+; of gems, Refs 4th c.BC+, chiefly in the sense of sunlight.

† מִשְׁחָר n.[m.] dawn;—מֵרֶחֶם מ׳ ψ 110:3, but מ prob. dittogr., read שַׁחַר (Du, cf. Buhl).

† שַׁחֲרוּת n.f. according to DeComm. RüetschiKau blackness, viz. of hair (so 𝔗), i.e. (RV) prime of life (which Wild allows); usually dawn of youth (II. שׁחר);—Ec 11:10 (+ יַלְדוּת).

† [שְׁפַרְפָּר] n.[m.] dawn (𝔗 id.; redupl. (K§ 59, 3) from above √?);—emph. שְׁפַרְפָּרָא Dn 6:20.