H8178a H8178a
horror, shuddering (trembling reaction to catastrophe)
This noun denotes the feeling or state of horror and shuddering—the visceral reaction to witnessing judgment or disaster. It appears as a cognate accusative with the verb 'shudder' in two Ezekiel oracles (27:35; 32:10), intensifying the expression: 'they shuddered with shuddering.' Job 18:20 describes how future generations 'seized shuddering' at the wicked man's fate (parallel to 'were appalled'). The word captures not just fear but physical trembling—the body's involuntary response to horror. The semantic field overlaps with terror, dread, and the trembling that accompanies witnessing divine judgment.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The emotion and physical state of horrified shuddering. Job 18:20 says those who come after 'seized shuddering' when contemplating the wicked man's destruction. Ezekiel 27:35 and 32:10 use it as cognate accusative with the verb: kings and nations 'shuddered with shuddering' at Tyre's fall and Egypt's judgment. The term emphasizes the involuntary, physical dimension of horror—not just mental dismay but bodily trembling. The multilingual glosses ('estremecimiento,' 'horror,' 'shuddering') confirm this denotes both the emotion and its physical manifestation. 3×
AR["رُعْبًا", "رُعْبٌ", "قَشْعَرِيرَةً"]·ben["কম্পনে", "ভয়ে", "শিউরে"]·DE["Tor"]·EN["shuddering"]·FR["porte", "שער"]·heb["שער"]·HI["कांपना", "भय-से"]·ID["bergidik,", "ketakutan", "ketakutan,"]·IT["porta", "shuddering"]·jav["giris", "merinding"]·KO["두려움을", "떨림을"]·PT["estremecimento", "horror", "pavor"]·RU["дрожью", "ужасом"]·ES["con-estremecimiento", "horror"]·SW["hofu", "kutetemeka"]·TR["korku", "ürperti"]·urd["خوف", "دہشت-سے", "کانپنا"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. שַׂ֫עַר n.[m.] horror (proposes bristling);—שׂ׳ abs., as acc. cogn. Ez 27:35; 32:10 v. foregoing; cf. אָֽחֲזוּ שׂ׳ Jb 18:20 (‖ נָשַׁמּוּ עַל).