H7910 H7910
Drunk, intoxicated; used literally of persons overcome by wine and figuratively of staggering helplessness or divine judgment.
An adjective describing someone overcome by alcohol — reeling, stupefied, unable to walk or think clearly. Nabal is literally drunk at his feast (1 Sam 25:36), and Zimri's assassin finds King Elah drinking himself into a stupor (1 Kgs 16:9). Yet the word carries powerful figurative force: nations stagger like a drunkard under God's judgment (Isa 19:14; 24:20), and the psalmist compares storm-tossed sailors to men reeling with wine (Ps 107:27). Hannah is wrongly accused of being a drunken woman (1 Sam 1:13), a poignant misreading of fervent prayer. Spanish 'borracho' and French parallels confirm the consistent sense of wine-induced incapacity.
Senses
1. drunk, drunken — Intoxicated, drunk from wine or strong drink, describing a person who staggers and has lost self-control. Used literally of Nabal feasting (1 Sam 25:36), Elah drinking (1 Kgs 16:9), and Hannah falsely accused (1 Sam 1:13). Employed figuratively for nations reeling under divine judgment (Isa 19:14; 24:20), wanderers in darkness (Job 12:25), and storm-tossed sailors (Ps 107:27). Joel 1:5 summons drunkards to weep. Isaiah 28:1, 3 uses the substantive form for the drunkards of Ephraim. The Spanish 'borracho' and French bracketed forms all point to the same core meaning of alcohol-induced incapacity. 13×
AR["السَّكْرَانِ", "السُّكارى", "سَكرانُ", "سَكْرانًا", "سَكْرانٍ", "سَكْرَانَ", "سَكْرَانَةً", "سُكَارَى", "كَ-السَّكران", "كَالسَّكْرانِ", "كَالسَّكْرَانِ"]·ben["মত্তের", "মদ্যপের-মতো", "মাতাল", "মাতালদের-এর", "মাতালের", "মাতালের-মত", "মাতালের-মতো", "মাতালেরা"]·DE["[כשכור]", "[שכור]", "[שכורי]", "[שכורים]", "[שכרי]", "getrunken", "wie-ein-drunkard", "zu-sein-getrunken"]·EN["a-drunkard", "drunk", "drunkard", "drunkards", "like-a-drunkard", "like-drunkard", "of-the-drunkards", "to-be-drunk"]·FR["[כשכור]", "[שכור]", "[שכורי]", "[שכרי]", "bu", "comme-ivre", "ivre", "à-être-bu", "כשכור", "שכור"]·heb["כ-שיכור", "ל-שיכורה", "שיכור", "שיכורי", "שיכורים"]·HI["नशा", "नशे-में", "नशेड़ी", "पियक्कड़-के", "मतवाले-की-तरह", "मतवालो", "मतवालों-के", "शराबी", "शराबी-की-तरह"]·ID["mabuk", "orang-mabuk", "orang-orang-mabuk,", "pemabuk", "pemabuk-pemabuk", "sebagai-mabuk", "seperti-orang-mabuk", "seperti-pemabuk", "yang-mabuk"]·IT["[כשכור]", "a-essere-bevuto", "bevuto", "come-il-like-drunkard", "ubriaco", "un-drunkard"]·jav["hé-para-tiyang-mabuk", "ingkang-mabuk", "kados-tiyang-mabuk", "kados-tiyang-mendem", "mabuk", "menawi-mabuk", "mendem", "tiyang-mendem"]·KO["-위해-취한자", "술취한-자-의", "술취한-자들-아", "술취한-자들의", "취하였다", "취한", "취한-자-같이", "취한-자가", "취해서"]·PT["bêbado", "bêbados", "bêbados-de", "bêbedo", "como-bêbado", "como-embriagada", "como-o-bêbado", "como-êbrio", "embriagado", "êbrio"]·RU["как-пьяного", "как-пьяный", "пьян", "пьяная", "пьяниц-", "пьяницы", "пьяного", "пьяный"]·ES["borracho", "borrachos", "como-borracho", "como-borracho.", "como-ebrio", "ebrios-de", "por-borracha"]·SW["amelewa", "kama-mlevi", "kilevi", "kwa-mlevi", "mlevi", "ulevi", "walevi", "ya-walevi"]·TR["sarhos", "sarhos-gibi", "sarhoslarinin", "sarhoş", "sarhoş-gibi", "sarhoşlar", "sarhoşun"]·urd["شرابی", "شرابی-کی-طرح", "شرابیوں-کے", "متوالا", "نشے-باز-کے", "نشے-میں", "نشے-والو"]
1 Sam 1:13, 1 Sam 25:36, 1 Kgs 16:9, 1 Kgs 20:16, Job 12:25, Ps 107:27, Prov 26:9, Isa 19:14, Isa 24:20, Isa 28:1, Isa 28:3, Jer 23:9 (+1 more)
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† שִׁכֹּר, שִׁכּוֹר adj. drunken (BaNB § 134 b);—abs. שִׁכֹּר 1 S 25:36, שִׁכּוֹר 1 K 16:9 +, f. שִׁכֹּרָה 1 S 1:13, pl. שִׁכּוֹרִים Jo 1:5, cstr. שִׁכֹּרֵי Is 28:1; 3;—drunken: 1 S 25:36, אִישׁ שׁ׳ Je 23:9, שֹׁתֶה שׁ׳ 1 K 16:9 drinking (and) drunken, 20:16; as subst. = drunken one, drunkard Is 28:1, 3 Pr 26:9, pl. Jo 1:5 (‖ שֹׁתֵי יַיִן); in sim. Is 19:14; Jb 12:25 ψ 107:27, and (of earth) Is 24:20; f. of drunken woman 1 S 1:13.