1. onyx (precious stone) — The masculine noun shoham designating the onyx stone, a banded variety of chalcedony used in Israelite priestly vestments and temple adornment. It appears in descriptions of Eden's riches (Gen 2:12), the materials for the ephod shoulder pieces engraved with the tribes' names (Exod 25:7, 28:9, 28:20, 35:9, 35:27), David's temple provisions (1 Chr 29:2), and Job's valuation of wisdom (Job 28:16). All three sense clusters denote the same gemstone in different prepositional frames: standalone or with article (9x), with preposition beth 'in/with onyx' (1x), and with conjunctive waw 'and onyx' (1x). Multilingual translations are consistent: Spanish 'onice,' Arabic 'jaz/al-jazi,' Hindi 'sulemani/gomed,' Korean 'homano,' Swahili 'shohamu.' No semantic variation exists. 11×
AR["الجزعِ","الجَزعِ","الْجَزْعِ","بِ-الجزعِ","جَزعٍ","جَزْعٌ","جَزْعٍ","وَ-جزعٌ"]·ben["-গোমেদে","এবং-গোমেদ","গোমেদ","গোমেদের","শোহম","শোহমের"]·DE["Onyx","[בשהם]","[שהם]","der-Onyx","und-Onyx"]·EN["and-onyx","in-onyx","onyx","the-onyx"]·FR["[שהם]","corail","dans-בשהם","et-onyx","le-onyx","onyx"]·heb["ב-שוהם","ה-שהם","ה-שוהם","ו-שוהם","שהם","שוהם"]·HI["और-सुलैमानी","गोमेद-से","गोमेदक-के","सुलेमानी","सुलेमानी-के","सुलैमानी"]·ID["-krisopras","batu-krisopras,","dan-krisopras","dengan-kecubung","krisopras"]·IT["[שהם]","e-onice","il-onice","in-in-onyx","onice"]·jav["ing-kencur","kaliyan-séla-akik","kecubung","kecubung-punika","lan-unam","oniks","ony","soham","unam,"]·KO["귀한-","그-호마노","그-호마노의","그리고-호마노와","마노석과","호마노","호마노의"]·PT["com-ônix","de-ônix","e-ônix","o-ônix","ônix"]·RU["-оникс","и-оникс","оникс","оникса","ониксом"]·ES["con-ónice","el-ónice","shoham","y-ónice","ónice"]·SW["kwa-shohamu","na-shohamu","shoham","shohamu","ya-shohamu"]·TR["-oniks","-oniksin","damarlataşı","oniks","oniks-ile","ve-oniks"]·urd["اور-سلیمانی","سلیمانی","سلیمانی-سے","سلیمانی-کے","سنگ-سلیمانی","عقیق","عقیق-کا","کے-عقیق"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. שֹׁ֫הַם n.m. Jb 28:16 a gem, identif. dubious, Vrss vary; onyx or chrysoprasus RiHWB 2, 336 f. onyx TaylorHast. DB iii. 624, beryl RidgewayEncy. Bib. 545 malachite Myresib. 4808, etc.; cf. also Dr Gn 2:12 (√ unknown; perhaps loan-word, cf. Assyrian sâmtu DlWB 438);—אֶבֶן הַשּׁ׳ Gn 2:12 (J; + הַבְּדֹלַח), in land Ḥavilah; אַבְנֵי שׁ׳ Ex 25:7; 28:9; 35:9, 27; 39:6 (all P), 1 Ch 29:2; אֶבֶן om. Ez 28:13; Ex 28:20; 39:13 (both P; all in lists of gems); שׁ׳ יָקָר וְסַפִּיר Jb 28:16.