Search / H7489a
רָעַע98 H7489a
V-Nifal-Imperf-3ms  |  94× in 5 senses
Be evil or displeasing; do evil, act wickedly; as participle, evildoer — covering moral wrongdoing and its stative counterpart.
This denominative verb from the adjective ra' ('evil, bad') spans the full range from being displeasing to actively perpetrating harm. In the Qal, it describes a state: something 'is evil in someone's eyes' — Abraham's distress over Ishmael (Gen 21:11-12), or the thing that 'displeased the LORD' (Gen 38:10). The Hifil shifts to volitional action: doing evil, treating someone badly, or causing harm, as when the Egyptians mistreated Israel (Exod 5:23) or the psalmist warns against fretting over evildoers (Ps 37:1). The Hifil participle crystallizes into a substantive noun, 'evildoer,' a favorite term in wisdom and psalm literature for those who habitually practice wickedness.

Senses
1. do evil, act wickedly Hifil active: to do evil, act wickedly, cause harm, or treat someone badly. The dominant sense, covering volitional wrongdoing across narrative, prophetic, and legal texts. Pharaoh's oppression of Israel (Exod 5:23), Laban's cheating of Jacob (Gen 31:7), and the general warning against doing evil (Jer 4:22, 13:23). German 'Böses tun' and Spanish 'hacer mal' consistently mark this as deliberate moral action rather than mere state. 50×
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Evil and Wickedness
AR["أسَأْتَ","أَسَأْتَ","أَسَأْتُمْ","أَسَاءَ","الشَّرِّ","تَضُرُّ","تَفْعَلُوا-شَرًّا","تُسيئوا","تُسِيئُوا","عَنِ-الشَّرِّ","لِ-الإِساءَةِ","لِ-يُسِيءَ","لِـ-الـ-شَّرِّ","لِيُسِيءَ","وَ-هَارَعَ","وَأَسَاءَ","يُؤْذُونَ"]·ben["অনিষ্ট-করতে","এবং-মন্দ-আচরণ-করল","ক্ষতি-করো","তারা-ক্ষতি-করবে","তুমি-অনিষ্ট-করেছ","মন্দ","মন্দ-কর","মন্দ-করতে","মন্দ-করবেন-না","মন্দ-করলে","মন্দ-করা-থেকে","মন্দ-করেছ","মন্দ-করেছে","মন্দ-করেছেন","লা-তোমাদের"]·DE["Boeses-tun","der-Boeses","er-tat-Boese","er-tat-Boeses","habe-du-brachte-Boese","haben-du-getan-Boeses","habt-ihr-mir-übel-getan","ihr-habt-übel-gehandelt","mir-Böses-zu-tun","tun-Boeses","tun-Böses","tut-Böses","und-er-wird-tun-Boeses","und-treated-uns-badly","zu-das-Boese","zu-tun-Boeses","zu-tun-Böses"]·EN["and-he-will-do-evil","and-treated-us-badly","did-you-do-evil","do-evil","doing-evil","have-you-brought-evil","have-you-done-evil","he-did-evil","they-shall-do-evil","they-will-hurt","to-do-evil","you-have-done-evil"]·FR["ai-tu-apporta-mal","avoir-tu-fait-mal","et-il-sera-faire-mal","et-treated-nous-badly","faire-le-mal","faire-mal","fit-tu-faire-mal","il-fit-mal","le-mal","tu-avoir-fait-mal","à-faire-du-mal","à-faire-le-mal","à-faire-mal","à-le-mal"]·heb["ה-רע","הרע","הרעות","הרעתם","ו-הרע","ו-ירעו","ירעו","ל-הרע","להרע","תרעו"]·HI["और-बुरा-किया","और-हानि-करेगा","बुरा-किया","बुरा-किया-तुमने","बुराई","बुराई-करना","बुराई-करने","बुराई-करने-के-लिए","बुराई-करो","बुराई-की","बुराई-की-तुमने","बुराई-की-है","बुरै-करो","लिए-बुराई-करने-के","वे-हानि-पहुंचाएंगे","हानि-पहुँचाएँगे","हानि-पहुंचाओ"]·ID["Dan-memperlakukan-jahat","Engkau-mendatangkan-celaka","Engkau-menyusahkan","berbuat-jahat","berlaku-jahat","dan-menyakiti","ia-berbuat-jahat","kamu-berbuat-jahat","mereka-akan-berbuat-jahat","mereka-menyakiti","untuk-berbuat-jahat","untuk-menyakiti"]·IT["a-fare-male","avere-tu-fatto-male","avere-tu-portò-male","e-egli-volere-fare-male","e-treated-noi-badly","egli-fece-male","fare-il-male","fare-male","fece-male","fece-tu-fare-male","il-male","per-fare-il-male","tu-avere-fatto-male"]·jav["Lan-nindhes","Panjenengan-ndhatengaken-bilai","Panjenengan-nindakaken-awon","awon","badhe-nggawe-piawon","damel-awon","kangge-tumindak-awon","kanggé-awon","kanggé-nindakaken-piawon","lan-nyilakani","nindakaken-awon","nindakaken-piawon","piyambakipun-awonaken","sampun-ndamel-awon","sampéyan-sami-damel-awon","sampéyan-sami-sampun-nglampahi-awon"]·KO["-악행하기-위해","그가-악을-행하였다","그리고-악하게-대하였다","그리고-해치실것이다","나쁜-일을-했느냐","나쁜-일을-했다","나쁨게했나이다-당신이","악을-행하기를","악을-행하는","악하게-하거나","악하게-하다","악하게-했다","악하게-행하지-마십시오","에-악을-행하기","재앙을-내리시나이까","해를-끼치려고","해치고","해치를","해치지","해하라"]·PT["e-fará-mal","e-maltrataram","farão-mal","fazer-mal","fazer-mal.","fazer-o-mal","façais-mal","fez-mal","fizeste-mal","fizestes-mal","para-fazer-mal","para-mal"]·RU["-делайте-зла","И-делали-зло","будут-делать-зло","делайте-зло","делал-зло","делать-зло","и-сделает-зло","причинить-зло","сделал-Ты-зло","сделал-зло","сделали-зло","сделали-плохо","сделать-зло","стало-хуже","творить-зло","чтобы-делать-зло"]·ES["Y-nos-maltrataron","de-hacer-el-mal","hacer-mal","hagáis-mal","harán-mal","has-hecho-mal","hiciste-mal","hicisteis-mal","hizo-mal","hizo-malo","me-hicisteis-mal","para-hacer-mal","y-os-hará-mal"]·SW["amefanya-uovu","amewafanyia-mabaya","dhuru","hawatadhuru","ili-kutenda-mabaya","kufanya-mabaya","kunidhuru","kutenda-mabaya","msaada-si","na-kuwadhuru","na-walitutendea-ubaya","nini","nzuri","umemletea-msiba","umemtendea-vibaya","uovu","wadhuru"]·TR["kotuluk-yapmayı","kötülük-edin","kötülük-etmek-için","kötülük-ettin","kötülük-ettiniz","kötülük-için","kötülük-yapmak-için","kötülük-yapmaya","kötülük-yapmayı","kötülük-yapmayın","kötülük-yaptı","kötülük-yaptın","ve-kötü-davrandılar","ve-kötü-edecek","zarar-verecekler"]·urd["اور-برائی-کرے-گا","اور-بُرا-کیا","بدی-کرنا","برائی-کرنے-کو","برائی-کرو","برائی-کی-اس-نے","برائی-کی-تم-نے","برائی-کی-ہے","بُرا-کیا","بُرا-کیا-تم-نے","بُرائی-کرنے-میں","بُرائی-کرنے-کو","بُرائی-کرنے-کے-لئے","بُرائی-کے","تُو-نے-برائی-کی","نقصان-پہنچاؤ","نقصان-پہنچائیں-گے","نقصان-کرنے","وہ-نقصان-کریں-گے"]
2. be bad, be displeasing Qal stative: to be bad, evil, or displeasing, typically in the idiom 'it was evil in the eyes of.' Describes a state of displeasure or sadness rather than an action — something troubles or grieves a person. Abraham is distressed (Gen 21:11-12), Samuel is displeased (1 Sam 8:6), Nehemiah's face is sad (Neh 2:3). French 'être mal' and German 'böse sein' preserve the stative force. The construction with bə'ênê ('in the eyes of') is nearly formulaic. 23×
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Evil and Wickedness
AR["تَبْخَلُ","رَدِيءًا","سَيِّئٌ","فَ-سَاءَ","فَسَاءَ","فَـ-سَاءَهُمْ","وَ-ساءَ","وَ-سَاءَ","وَ-يَسُوءُ","وَسَاءَنِي","يَسوءُ","يَسُوءُ"]·ben["-এবং-মন্দ-হয়েছে","আর-মন্দ-ছিল","আর-মন্দ-লাগল","আর-মন্দ-হল","এবং-মন্দ","এবং-মন্দ-হল","ও-খারাপ-হল","খারাপ-হোক","দুঃখিত-হবে","মন্দ","মন্দ-লাগুক","মন্দ-হবে","মন্দ।"]·DE["Boeses","ist-Boeses","lass-es-sein-Boese","soll-es-schlecht-sein","soll-sein-Boeses","und-Boeses","und-Boeses-tun","und-es-ging-badly","und-es-missfiel","und-es-war-Boese","und-es-war-schlecht","und-missfiel","und-tat-Boeses","und-war-Boese"]·EN["and-displeased","and-evil","and-it-was-evil","and-it-went-badly","and-was-evil","bad","evil","is-evil","let-it-be-evil","shall-be-evil"]·FR["[וירע]","devra-être-mal","est-mal","et-cela-fut-mal","et-déplut","et-faire-du-mal","et-faire-le-mal","et-fut-mal","et-était-mal","mal","que-cela-être-mal"]·heb["ו-ירע","ו-רע","ירע","להרע","רע","תרע"]·HI["और-बुर-लग","और-बुरा","और-बुरा-था","और-बुरा-लगा","और-बुरा-हुआ","तो-दुखी-हुए","बुरा","बुरा-लगे","बुरा-लगेगा","बुरा-है","बुरा-होगा","बुरी-होगी"]·ID["Dan-jahatlah","Dan-sangat-tidak-senang","bersedih","buruk","dan-celaka","dan-itu-menyakitkan","dan-jahat","dan-menyusahkan","dan-sangat-marah","dan-tidak-senang","jahat","menjadi-jahat","menyusahkan"]·IT["dovra-essere-male","e-displeased","e-era-male","e-essere-cattivo","e-esso-era-male","e-fare-il-male","e-fece-male","e-fu-male","e-male","lascia-esso-essere-male","let-esso-essere-male","male"]·jav["Lan-awon","Lan-awrat","awon","awrat","dados-awon","kedah-ala","lajeng-awon","lan-awon","lan-bilai"]·KO["그러나-나빴으니라","그리고-그것이-나쁀다","그리고-나빴다","그리고-나쁘게-되었도다","그리고-악하게-되리라","그리고-악하셨다","그리고-악하였다","나쁘게-여기라","나쁜","악-한","악하게-여기지","악하리라","악했다"]·PT["E-foi-mal","E-foi-mau","e-foi-mal","e-foi-mau","e-mal","mal","mau","seja-mal","seja-mau","será-mau"]·RU["И-было-зло","И-было-плохо","будет-зол","да-огорчается","зло","и-было-злом","и-злом-было","и-огорчило-их","и-плохо","и-плохо-было","и-плохо-показалось","и-пострадал","плохо","пусть-будет-злом","пусть-будет-плохо"]·ES["Y-fue-malo","malo","malo:","sea-malo","su-ojo-será-avaro","y-fue-malo","y-le-fue-mal","y-les-afligió","y-sea-malo"]·SW["Na-ikakunichukiza","Na-ilikuwa-mbaya","jicho-lake-litakuwa-ovu","kukasirika","kumkhofu","kuwa-mbaya","na-ikawa-mbaya","na-ikawa-vibaya","na-ilikuwa-mbaya","na-iliwadhuru","na-jambo","na-mbaya","ni-vibaya","vibaya"]·TR["Ve-kötü-göründü","Ve-kötü-oldu","kötü","kötü-bakacak","kötü-olacak","kötü-olsun","kötüyse","ve-kotugodu","ve-kötü","ve-kötü-oldu"]·urd["اور-برا-تھا","اور-برا-لگا","اور-برا-ہوا","اور-بری-لگی","اور-بُرا-لگا","اور-بُرا-لگے","برا","برا-لگے","بری-لگے","بُرا","بُری-ہوگی"]
3. evildoer Hifil participle substantivized: evildoer, one who does evil. Functions as a noun designating a person characterized by habitual wickedness. A key term in Psalms (22:16, 26:5, 37:1, 37:9) and Proverbs, often contrasted with the righteous. German 'Übeltäter' and Spanish 'malhechores' treat it as a fixed nominal. The participial form carries iterative-habitual Aktionsart — not a single evil act but a pattern of life. 18×
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Evil and Wickedness
AR["الأَشْرارَ","الأَشْرارِ","الأَشْرَارِ","الشَّرِّيرِينَ","بِ-الأَشْرارِ","شِرّيرٌ","فَاعِلِي-الشَّرِّ","وَ-فَاعِلُ-شَرٍّ","يَا-فَاعِلِي-الشَّرِّ"]·ben["-মন্দকারীদের-নিয়ে","এবং-দুষ্টাচারী","দুর্বৃত্তকারীরা","দুর্বৃত্তদের-বিষয়ে","দুর্বৃত্তরা","দুর্বৃত্তের","দুর্বৃত্তেরা","দুষ্কর্মকারীদের","দুষ্কৃতকারীদের","দুষ্কৃতকারীদের।","দুষ্ট","দুষ্টদের","মন্দকারীদের"]·DE["Boeses-tun","der-evildoers","evildoers","tat-Boeses","und-von-Boeses","von-Boeses","weil-von-evildoers"]·EN["and-evildoer","because-of-evildoers","evil-doers","evildoer","evildoers","of-evildoers","the-evildoers"]·FR["dans-faire-le-mal","de-faire-le-mal","et-de-mal","faire-du-mal","faire-le-mal"]·heb["ב-מרעים","ו-מרע","מרע","מרעים"]·HI["और-बुराई-करने-वाले","दुष्टों-की","दुष्टों-के","बुराइयों","बुराइयों-के-विरुद्ध","बुराई-करने-वालों-का","बुराई-करने-वालों-की","बुराई-करने-वालों-के","बुराई-करनेवाला","बुराई-करनेवाले","बुराई-करनेवालों-का","बुराई-करनेवालों-की","बुराई-करनेवालों-के","बुराई-करनेवालों-पर","में-बुराई-करनेवालों"]·ID["Yang-jahat","dan-jahat","karena-orang-orang-jahat","orang-jahat","orang-orang-jahat","penjahat","penjahat-penjahat"]·IT["e-da-male","fare-il-male","fece-male","nel-fare-il-male"]·jav["bab-tiyang-duraka","dhateng-tiyang-kang-nindakaken-piawon","lan-tiyang-awon","tiyang-awon","tiyang-duraka","tiyang-jahat","tiyang-tiyang-ingkang-damel-awon"]·KO["-악행하는-자들-에게","그리고-악을-행하며","악을-행하는-자들의","악한-자-들-의","악한-자는","악한-자들-의","악한-자들-이","악한-자들의","악행하는-자-들-을","악행하는-자-들-을-대적하여","악행하는-자들-에게","악행하는-자들-은","행악자들의","행악하는-자들-아"]·PT["Malfazejo","com-os-malfeitores","de-malfeitores","dos-malfeitores","e-malfeitor","malfeitores","malfeitores.","os-malfeitores","por-causa-dos-malfeitores","ó-malfeitores"]·RU["злодеев","злодеи","злодей","злодеях","и-злодеи","из-за-злодеев","на-злодеев"]·ES["El-que-hace-mal","los-malhechores","los-malhechores.","malhechores","malignos","por-los-malhechores","y-malhechores"]·SW["kwa-watenda-mabaya","mtenda-uovu","na-mtenda-mabaya","wa-watenda-mabaya","waovu","watenda-mabaya","ya-watenda-mabaya","za-waovu"]·TR["kotuluk-edenlerin","kotuluk-yapanlarin","kotuluk-yapanların","kötü-yapan","kötü-yapanlar","kötü-yapanlara","kötüler","kötülere","kötülerin","kötülük-yapanlar","kötülük-yapanlara","ve-kotuluk-yapan"]·urd["اور-بدکار","بدکار","بدکارو","بدکاروں-پر","بدکاروں-کا","بدکاروں-کو","بدکاروں-کی","بدکاروں-کے","بَدکاروں"]
4. sense 4 Nifal/Qal passive or tolerative: to suffer harm, be injured. A rare nuance found in Proverbs (11:15, 13:20) where the subject experiences evil consequences rather than performing evil — 'he who is surety will suffer harm.' English 'suffer harm' and Spanish 'será quebrantado' mark this passive-experiential dimension clearly distinct from the active Hifil.
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Evil and Wickedness
AR["يُساءُ"]·ben["মন্দ-হবে","যন্ত্রণা-পাবে"]·DE["tat-Boeses"]·EN["suffer-harm","will-suffer-harm"]·FR["faire-du-mal"]·heb["יירוע"]·HI["हानि-उठाएगा","होगी"]·ID["akan-celaka"]·IT["fare-il-male"]·jav["nandhang-sangsara"]·KO["나쁜-이-되리라","해를-입는다"]·PT["sofrerá-mal"]·RU["пострадает"]·ES["será-quebrantado","sufrirá-mal"]·SW["atadhuru"]·TR["zarar-görecek"]·urd["نقصان-اُٹھائے-گا","پائے-گا"]
5. sense 5 A single occurrence in 2 Samuel 19:7 (Eng. 19:8) where the verbal form appears to function as a comparative intensifier — the evil 'will be worse for you than all the evil that has come upon you.' English 'and evil' and Spanish 'y mal' suggest an adverbial or predicative complement usage, best understood as an extension of the Qal stative sense (sense 2) applied in a comparative construction.
MORAL_QUALITY Moral and Ethical Qualities Evil and Wickedness
AR["وَ-شَرٌّ"]·ben["এবং-মন্দ"]·DE["und-Boese"]·EN["and-evil"]·FR["et-mal"]·heb["ו-רעה"]·HI["और-बुराई"]·ID["dan-buruk"]·IT["e-male"]·jav["lan-piawon"]·KO["그리고-재앙이라"]·PT["e-mal"]·RU["и-хуже"]·ES["y-mal"]·SW["na-itakuwa-mbaya"]·TR["ve-kötü"]·urd["اور-برائی-ہو-گی"]

Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)H6664 1. righteousness, justice (116×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)G1343 1. (92×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)

BDB / Lexicon Reference
[רָעַע98] vb. denom. be evil, bad;— †Qal Pf. 3 ms. רַע Nu 22:34 + 3 times, רָ֑ע 11:10; 3 fs. רָעָה Dt 15:9 (Ex 21:8 v. i. רַע); Impf. 3 ms. יֵרַע (Ges§ 67 p) Gn 21:12 +; 3 fs. תֵּרַע Dt 28:54, 56; 3 mpl. יֵרְעוּ Ne 2:3;— 1. be displeasing: רַע בְּעֵינֵי Nu 11:10; 22:34 (J), Jos 24:15 (E), Je 40:4; Pr 24:18 (c. וְ consec.) impf. יֵרַע בְּעֵינֵי Gn 21:11, 12 (E), 48:17 (J), 1 S 8:6; 18:8; 2 S