H7321 H7321
To shout, raise a cry; shout for joy in worship, sound a war cry, blow a trumpet alarm signal.
Rua is the Hebrew Bible's great verb of shouting — but the same cry that brings Jericho's walls crashing down (Josh 6:20) also fills the Psalms as joyful praise. The Hifil stem covers nearly all occurrences, and context alone determines whether the cry is terrifying or jubilant. At the temple rebuilding (Ezra 3:11-13), shouts of joy mingle with weeping so that no one can distinguish them. The Hitpael adds personal exultant triumph (Ps 60:8), while Numbers 10 introduces a codified alarm-blast sense. Arabic ragha ('utter a cry') preserves the raw vocalization; Spanish aclamar and German jauchzen gravitate toward joy.
3. sound an alarm — To sound an alarm, blow a signal blast — the military/ceremonial signal sense, centered in Numbers 10 and prophetic warning passages. Five occurrences: Num 10:7 distinguishes between 'assembling' (taq'u, from taqa) and 'sounding the alarm' (lo tari'u, from rua); Num 10:9 commands alarm-blowing when enemies attack; Joel 2:1 and Hos 5:8 use the alarm as prophetic metaphor for impending judgment; 2 Chr 13:12 describes the priests 'sounding the alarm' trumpets against Jeroboam. French pousser un cri d'alarme and Spanish alarmaréis both mark this as codified signal rather than spontaneous vocalization. The semantic shift from 'shout' to 'signal' parallels the development of English 'alarm' from Italian all'arme ('to arms!'). 5×
AR["اهتِفوا","تَهْتِفُونَ","لِيَهتِفوا","وَ-اهْتِفوا","وَ-تَهْتِفُونَ"]·ben["এবং-চিৎকার-কর","এবং-বাঁশি-ধ্বনি-দেবে","চিৎকার-করো","ধ্বনি-দিতে","বাঁশি-ধ্বনি-দেবে।"]·DE["[הריעו]","[והריעו]","[להריע]","du-soll-sound-alarm","und-du-soll-sound-alarm"]·EN["and-sound-alarm","and-you-shall-sound-alarm","sound-alarm","to-sound-alarm","you-shall-sound-alarm"]·FR["[להריע]","et-pousser-un-cri","et-tu-devra-sound-alarme","pousser-un-cri","tu-devra-sound-alarme"]·heb["הריעו","ו-הָריעוּ","ו-הרעתם","ל-הריע","תריעו"]·HI["और-ललकारो","तो-ललकारो","ललकारने-के-लिए","ललकारो"]·ID["Bersoraklah","dan-berteriaklah","dan-kamu-bunyikan-tanda-bahaya","kamu-bunyikan-tanda-bahaya","untuk-bersorak"]·IT["[הריעו]","[והריעו]","[להריע]","e-tu-dovra-sound-alarm","tu-dovra-sound-alarm"]·jav["kanggé-surak","lan-panjenengan-sedaya-surak","lan-suwakna","panjenengan-surak","sami-surak"]·KO["그리고-외치라","그리고-함성할-것이다","외쳐-부르기-위해","외치라","함성할-것이다"]·PT["Gritai","e-dai-alarme","e-soareis-alarido","para-dar-alarme","soareis-alarido"]·RU["и-возгласите","и-затрубите-тревогу","кричите","тревожьте","чтобы-трубить"]·ES["alarmaréis:","gritad","para-hacer-sonar","y-alarmaréis","y-gritad-alarma"]·SW["kupiga-kelele","mtapiga-kishindo","na-mtapiga-kishindo","na-pige-kelele","pazia-kelele"]·TR["alarm-çalacaksınız","haykırın","ve-alarm-çalacaksınız","ve-haykırın","çalmak-için"]·urd["اور-للکارو","تو-للکارو","للکارنے-کو","للکارو","پکارو"]
▼ 4 more senses below
Senses
1. shout, cry out — To raise a loud shout or war cry — the battle-cry sense, concentrated around Joshua 6 and the conquest narratives. Twenty occurrences, including the dramatic seven-fold march at Jericho where the people are commanded 'Do not shout' (Josh 6:10) until the signal, then 'the people shouted with a great shout' (Josh 6:20). Also in Judg 7:21 (Gideon's ambush), 1 Sam 17:20, 52 (David and Goliath), and Isa 42:13 (Yahweh as warrior). Spanish gritaron and French crier both select raw vocalization vocabulary. German Kriegsgeschrei ('war cry') captures the military coloring. The Hifil here is declarative: to raise, produce, or utter a shout. 20×
AR["اصرُخوا","اهْتِفُوا","اِهْتِفِي","تَصرُخوا","تَصْرُخِينَ","فَـ-صَاحُوا","كَهُتافِ","وَ-تَصرُخونَ","وَ-صَرَخَ","وَ-هَتَفَ","وَ-هَتَفُوا","وَهَتَفوا","يَصرُخونَ","يَصرُخُ","يَصْرُخُ","يَصْرُخُونَ"]·ben["আর-জয়ধ্বনি-করল","আর-জয়ধ্বনি-দিল","এবং-চিৎকার-করবে","এবং-চিৎকার-করল","এবং-চিৎকার-করলেন","এবং-জয়ধ্বনি-করলেন","এবং-তারা-চিৎকার-করল","চিৎকার-কর","চিৎকার-করত","চিৎকার-করবে","চিৎকার-করে","তুমি-চিৎকার-করছ","যখন-জয়ধ্বনি-দিল"]·DE["[בהריע]","[הריעו]","[ויריעו]","[יריע]","[יריעו]","[תריעי]","du-soll-rufen","rufen","soll-rufen","und-du-soll-rufen","und-rief-laut","und-shouted","und-sie-rief-laut","und-sie-schrie-heraus"]·EN["He-shouts","and-shouted","and-they-cried-out","and-they-shouted","and-you-shall-shout","cry-aloud","do-you-cry-out","shall-shout","shout","they-shout","when-shouted","you-shall-shout"]·FR["[בהריע]","[ויריעו]","crier","devra-crier","et-cria","et-ils-cria","et-ils-cria-dehors","et-tu-devra-crier","pousser-des-cris","pousser-un-cri","tu-devra-crier"]·heb["ב-הריע","הריעו","ו-הריע","ו-הריעו","ו-הריעותם","ו-יריעו","וַ-יָּרִעוּ","יריע","יריעו","תריעו","תריעי"]·HI["और-चिल्लाए","और-जयकार-किया","और-ललकअरते-हुए","और-ललकअरे","और-ललकारे","और-ललकारोगे-तुम","चिल्लाते-हैं","जयजयकार-करो","तू-चिल्लाती-है","ब-ललकारने","ललकारना","ललकारेंगे","ललकारेगा","ललकारो"]·ID["Berserulah","Ia-bersorak","Lalu-bersoraklah","bersorak","bersoraklah","berteriak","dan-bersoraklah","dan-berteriaklah-mereka","dan-mereka-bersorak","engkau-berteriak","ketika-bersorak","maka-bersorak-sorailah","mereka berteriak"]·IT["[בהריע]","[ויריעו]","[תריעי]","alzare-un-grido","dovere-gridare","e-essi-gridò-forte","e-essi-gridò-fuori","e-gridò","e-gridò-forte","e-tu-dovere-gridare","gridare","they-shout","tu-dovere-gridare"]·jav["Bengok-bengoka","Lan-sami-surak","Panjenenganipun-badhé-mbengok","lan-mbengok","lan-sampeyan-badhe-surak","lan-surak","nalika-surak","panjenengan-mbengok","piyambak-ipun-mbengoki","sami-suraka","surak"]·KO["그들이-외친다","그리고-소리쳤다","그리고-외쳤다","그리고-외치리라","그리고-함성질렀다","소리치시며","외쳐라","외치느냐","외치라","외치리라","외치지","외칠-때","함성을-지르라"]·PT["E-gritaram","E-gritou","Gritai","bradarão","e-gritaram","e-gritareis","e-gritou","gritai-de-alegria","gritam","gritará","gritará-em-guerra","gritas","griteis","quando-gritaram"]·RU["Воскликните","И-воскликнул","возкликнет","воскликнет","восклицайте","и-воскликнул","и-воскликнули","и-закричали","и-закричите","и-кричали","кричат","кричите","кричишь-ты","при-восклицании"]·ES["cuando-gritaron","gritad","gritan","gritará","gritarán","gritaréis","gritas","griten","y-gritaban","y-gritaron","y-gritaréis","y-gritó"]·SW["Pigeni-kelele","atapiga-kelele","na-mtapiga-kelele","na-wakapiga-kelele","pige-kelele","pigeni-kelele","unapiga-kelele","walipopiga-kelele","wanapiga-kelele","watapiga-kelele"]·TR["Ve-bağırdı","Ve-bağırdılar","bagiriyor","bağıracaklar","bağırdıklarında","bağırmayacaksınız","bağırın","bağırırlar","bağırırsın","haykiracak","savaş-çığlığı-atın","sevinc-cigligu-atin","ve-bağıracaksınız","ve-bağırdı","ve-bağırdılar","ve-bağırıyorlardı"]·urd["اور-للکار-رہے-تھے","اور-للکارا","اور-للکارنا","اور-للکارے","اور-نعرہ-لگایا","اور-چلائے","جب-للکارے","للکارو","للکاریں","للکارے-گا","چلاتی-ہے","چلاتے ہیں","چلاتے-ہیں"]
Josh 6:5, Josh 6:10, Josh 6:10, Josh 6:10, Josh 6:16, Josh 6:20, Josh 6:20, Judg 7:21, 1 Sam 4:5, 1 Sam 10:24, 1 Sam 17:20, 1 Sam 17:52 (+8 more)
2. shout for joy, acclaim — To shout for joy, acclaim in worship — the liturgical and celebratory sense with 15 occurrences, predominantly in the Psalms and Ezra. Ps 47:1 commands 'Shout to God with the voice of triumph!'; Ps 66:1 and 81:1 open worship with the imperative hariu. At the temple foundation (Ezra 3:11-13), the people 'shouted with a great shout' of joy. Spanish aclamad and French crier de joie both shift from raw shouting to positive acclamation. Job 38:7 extends this to the morning stars shouting for joy at creation — a cosmic liturgy. Korean 환호하다 ('to cheer/acclaim') consistently marks this sense as distinct from battle cries. 15×
AR["اهْتِفوا","اهْتِفُوا","اهْتِفِي","اِهْتِفوا","نَهْتِفَ","هَتَفُوا","وَهَتَفَ","يَهْتِفونَ","يَهْتِفُونَ"]·ben["আমরা-জয়ধ্বনি-করি","আর-জয়ধ্বনি-করল","চিৎকার-করল","জযধ্বনি-করো","জয়ধ্বনি-কর","জয়ধ্বনি-করলেন","জয়ধ্বনি-করো","জয়ধ্বনিকারী","তারা-জয়ধ্বনি-করে"]·DE["[הריעו]","[הריעי]","[ויריעו]","[מריעים]","jauchzen","jauchzen-für-Freude","lass-uns-jauchzen-aloud","shouted","sie-jauchzen-für-Freude"]·EN["and-shouted-for-joy","let-us-shout-aloud","shout","shout-for-joy","shouted","shouting","they-shout-for-joy"]·FR["[הריעו]","[מריעים]","cria","et-crier","le-pousser-des-cris","pousser-des-cris","pousser-un-cri"]·heb["הריעו","הריעי","ו-יריעו","יתרועעו","מריעים","נריע","נריעה"]·HI["और-जयजयकार-करते-थे","जयकार-की","जयजयकार-कर","जयजयकार-करो","ललकारे","ललकारो","वे-जयजयकार-करते-हैं","हम-ललकारें"]·ID["Berserulah","Bersoraklah","Berteriaklah","bersorak","bersoraklah","dan-bersorak sorai","marilah-kita-bersorak","mereka-bersorak"]·IT["[הריעו]","[הריעי]","[מריעים]","acclamarono","e-e-shouted-per-gioia","gridò"]·jav["Giyakna","Sami-ngalembana","Sami-surak-bingah","Surak-surakna","kita-surak-bingah","lan-surak","sami-surak-bingah","surak","surak-surak","suraka","tiyang-tiyang-surak-surak"]·KO["그리고-소리치였다","외쳐라","외쳤다","외치는자들","외치라","외치소서","우리-즜호하자","즜호하라","함성지르며-왔다","환호하도다","환호하라"]·PT["Aclamai","aclamai","aclamemo-lo","aclamemos","e-jubilavam","grita","gritai","gritam-de-alegria","gritando","gritaram","gritou"]·RU["Восклицайте","возглашал","возрадуемся","воскликнем","воскликните","воскликнул","восклицай","восклицайте","восклицают","закричали","и-восклицали"]·ES["Aclamad","aclamad","aclamemos","aclamen","da-voces-de-júbilo","gritan-de-júbilo","gritando","gritaron","y-aclamaban"]·SW["Mpigieni-kelele-za-furaha","mpigieni-kelele","na-walipiga-kelele","piga-kelele","pigeni-kelele","tupige-kelele","wakamshangilia","walipiga-kelele","yanapiga-kelele-za-furaha"]·TR["Bağır","bagirdilar","bagiriyorlardi","bağıralım","bağırdılar","bağırın","sevinç-nara-atıyorlar","sevinç-çığlığı-atın","ve-sevinçle-bağırdılar"]·urd["اور-نعرے لگائے","خوشی-سے-للکارتی-ہیں","خوشی-سے-للکارو","خوشی-کی-آوازیں-لگاؤ","للکار","للکارا","للکارتی","للکارو","للکاریاں-لگاؤ","للکارے","ہم-للکاریں"]
4. shout in triumph — To shout in personal triumph — the Hitpael reflexive sense, expressing exultant self-directed celebration over enemies. Three occurrences, all in the Psalms: Ps 41:11 ('my enemy does not shout in triumph over me'); Ps 60:8 and 108:9 (identical: 'over Philistia I will shout in triumph'). Spanish triunfar and German jauchzen in Triumphieren both select triumph-specific vocabulary. The Hitpael adds reflexive intensity — this is not communal worship but personal, almost visceral exultation. The tight clustering in Psalmic poetry suggests a specialized poetic register. 3×
AR["أَهتِف","اِهتِفي","يَهْتِفُ"]·ben["আমি-জয়ধ্বনি-করব","জয়ধ্বনি-কর","জয়ধ্বনি-করবে"]·DE["ich-wird-jauchzen-in-triumphieren","jauchzen-in-triumphieren","jauchzt-in-triumphieren"]·EN["I-will-shout-in-triumph","shout-in-triumph","shouts-in-triumph"]·FR["le-pousser-des-cris","pousser-des-cris"]·heb["אתרועע","התרועעי","יריע"]·HI["जयजयकार-कर","जयजयकार-करता","मैं-जयजयकार-करूंगा"]·ID["Aku-bersorak"]·IT["acclamarono"]·jav["Sukot","kawula-badé-surak-surak","surak-surak"]·KO["소리치리라","외쳐라","외치리이다"]·PT["grita-de-alegria","triunfarei","triunfará"]·RU["восклицай","восторжествует","восторжествую"]·ES["aclama","gritaré-en-triunfo","triunfará"]·SW["haipigi-kelele-za-ushindi","nitapiga-kelele","piga-kelele-za-ushindi"]·TR["bağır","zafer-narası-atacağım","zafer-çığlığı-attı"]·urd["فتح-کا-نعرہ-لگائے-گا","للکار","میں-فتح-کی-آوازیں-لگاؤں-گا"]
5. sense 5 — A single Hophal (or Polal passive) occurrence at Isa 16:10: 'in the vineyards no shout is raised (lo yeroa')' — describing the silencing of the vintage-cry in Moab's devastated vineyards. Spanish se da voces de alegria ('shouts of joy are given') and French pousser des cris both treat this as a passive of sense 2 (joyful shouting), now negated. The passive voice and agricultural context set it apart from the active war-cry and worship senses, though it is best understood as the suppressed or absent form of the vintage acclamation rather than a wholly new meaning. 1×
AR["يُهَلَّلُ"]·ben["চিৎকার-করবে"]·DE["[ירעע]"]·EN["is-shouted"]·FR["pousser-des-cris"]·heb["ירועע"]·HI["ललकारा-जाएगा"]·ID["bersorak-sorai"]·IT["alzare-un-grido"]·jav["sora-sora"]·KO["외치리라"]·PT["haverá-grito"]·RU["будут-восклицать"]·ES["se-da-voces-de-alegría"]·SW["katika-mashinikizo"]·TR["sevinc-narasi"]·urd["للکارا-جائے-گا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [רוּעַ] vb. Hiph.40 1. raise a shout. 2. give a blast with clarion or horn (NH id., Hiph.; Thes cp. Arabic رَغَا utter a grumbling cry);—Pf. 3 mpl. הֵרִיעוּ Ju 15:14; Ezr 3:11, הֵרֵעוּ 1 S 17:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרִיעַ Is 42:13 ψ 41:12, וַיָ֫רַע Jos 6:20, etc.; Imv. fs. הָרִיעִי Zc 9:9; mpl. הָרִיעוּ Jos 6:10 +; Inf. cstr. הָרִיעַ 2 Ch 13:12, 15; Pt. pl. מְרִיעִים Ezr 3:13;— 1. shout a…