H7188 H7188
make hard, harden (heart); treat harshly or roughly
This Hiphil verb has two related senses: making something hard or stubborn, and treating someone harshly. In Isaiah 63:17, Israel questions why God would harden their heart from fearing him—an echo of Exodus's hardening language applied reflexively to the people's own resistance. Job 39:16 describes the ostrich treating her young harshly, as if they weren't hers. Both senses share the core idea of hardness—either making the heart intractable or making treatment severe and unyielding.
Sentidos
1. sense 1 — Spanish 'endureces' (you harden) and 'trata duramente' (treats harshly) show the dual semantic development. The Isaiah context addresses God's role in Israel's spiritual obstinacy—a theological puzzle where divine sovereignty meets human responsibility. The Job passage describes harsh, seemingly callous animal behavior. Though the objects differ (hearts vs. offspring), both involve making hard or being hard, whether in attitude or action. 2×
AR["تَقْسُو", "تُقَسِّي"]·ben["তুমি-কঠিন-কর", "সে-কঠিন-ব্যবহার-করে"]·DE["[הקשיח]", "[תקשיח]"]·EN["do-You-harden", "she-treats-harshly"]·FR["[תקשיח]", "הקשיח"]·heb["הקשיחה", "תקשיח"]·HI["कठोर-करता-है-तू", "वह-कठोर-होती-है"]·ID["Engkau-mengeraskan", "Ia memperlakukan dengan keras"]·IT["[תקשיח]", "ella-treats-harshly"]·jav["Panjenengan-damel-keras", "Piyambak-ipun-keras"]·KO["가혹하신다", "완고하게-하시나이까"]·PT["Trata-duramente", "endureces"]·RU["жесток", "ожесточаешь"]·ES["Trata-duramente", "endureces"]·SW["anawatendea-kwa-ukali", "unaufanya-mgumu"]·TR["Sert-davranır", "katilastirirsin"]·urd["تُو-سخت-کرتا-ہے", "وہ-سختی-سے-پیش-آتی-ہے"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3212 1. go, depart, travel (884×)H1980 1. to go, travel (Qal) (283×)G4198 1. go, proceed (physical movement) (139×)H1980 2. to walk in conduct (Qal) (132×)G0565 1. go away, depart physically (112×)H3212 2. walk in, follow a way (79×)G5217 1. go, proceed (78×)H1980 3. to walk about, traverse (Hitpael) (63×)H5162 1. comfort, console (Piel) (51×)G4043 1. conduct oneself, live (48×)G4043 2. walk physically (47×)H5162 2. relent, repent, change mind (Nifal) (35×)G3340 1. repent, change one's mind (34×)H1980 4. to walk habitually (Piel) (30×)H4546 1. highway, raised road (25×)H5637 1. be stubborn, rebellious (17×)G0391 1. conduct, way of life, behavior (13×)H3212 4. lead, bring, cause to go (13×)G1485 1. custom, habit, established practice (12×)H5162 3. be comforted, receive comfort (Nifal) (10×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
† [קָשַׁח] vb. Hiph. 1. make hard. 2. treat hardly (Arabic قَسَحَ be hard, firm, tough; Sab. קסח hardness, severity, cruelty, SabDenkm 37);— 1. make hard, stubborn, Impf. 2 ms. תַּקְשִׁיחַ (subj. י׳), c. acc. לֵב Is 63:17 (+ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ). 2. treat hardly, roughly (of ostrich), Pf. 3 ms. הִקְשִׁיחַ Jb 39:16 (c. acc. בָּנֶיהָ; read 3 fs. הִקְשִׁיחָה Hi Siegf Du); § 113 z) הַקְשֵׁיחַ Ew, or Impf. 3 fs. תַּקְשִׁיחַ Hirz BaeKau Bu.