H7107 H7107
Be wrathful, be angry (Qal, of God or humans); provoke to anger (Hifil, causing divine wrath); become enraged (Hitpael, intensified fury).
The Hebrew verb qatsaf captures the full arc of anger — from initial displeasure to provocation to consuming rage — distributed across its verbal stems. In the Qal (28 occurrences), it simply means 'to be wroth' and serves equally for divine anger ('the LORD was angry,' Deut 1:34; Zech 1:2) and human displeasure (Pharaoh's anger at his servants, Gen 40:2; Esther 1:12). The Hifil causative (5 occurrences) shifts the blame: 'you provoked the LORD to anger' (Deut 9:7, 8, 22), making the subject the agent of another's wrath. A single Hitpael occurrence in Isaiah 8:21 intensifies the fury into self-consuming rage. Spanish enojarse/provocar a ira, French s'irriter/provoquer, and Korean 노하다/분노하게 하다 all mirror this stem-based distinction, confirming that the three senses map onto genuinely different speech situations rather than mere stylistic variation.
3. become enraged — To become enraged or infuriated — the Hitpael reflexive-intensive stem expressing a heightened, self-consuming fury beyond ordinary displeasure. Only one clear occurrence: Isaiah 8:21, where a desperate, starving people 'will become enraged and curse their king and their God.' Spanish enfurecerse, French s'irriter intensement, and German sich erzuernen preserve the intensification. The Hitpael's reflexive force suggests fury turned inward or building upon itself — an emotional extreme that the prophet reserves for a scene of utter societal collapse. 1×
AR["وَ-يَغضَبُ"]·ben["এবং-সে-রাগান্বিত-হবে"]·DE["und-zuernen"]·EN["and-he-will-be-enraged"]·FR["et-s’irriter"]·heb["ו-התקצף"]·HI["और-क्रोधित-होगा"]·ID["dan-marah"]·IT["e-adirarsi"]·jav["lan-piyambakipun-nesu"]·KO["분노하고"]·PT["e-enfurecer-se-á"]·RU["и-разгневается"]·ES["y-se-enfurezca"]·SW["atakasirika"]·TR["ve-kizacak"]·urd["اور-غضبناک-ہوگا"]
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
1. be angry, be wrathful — To be angry, wrathful, or displeased — the basic Qal stative sense used of both divine and human anger. With 28 occurrences, this is the word's default meaning, appearing when God is angry at Israel's rebellion (Deut 1:34; Isa 57:16, 17; 64:5, 9), when Pharaoh's chief butler and baker fall from favor (Gen 40:2; 41:10), when Naaman storms away from Elisha (2 Kgs 5:11), and when King Ahasuerus fumes at Vashti's refusal (Esth 1:12). Spanish enojarse/airarse, French s'irriter, German zuernen, Arabic غَضِبَ, and Korean 노하다 all converge on the basic experience of anger, with the preposition al ('against') marking the target. 28×
AR["أَغْضَبُ","تَسْخَطُ","تَغْضَبْ","غَضِبَ","غَضِبْتُ","فَ-غَضِبَ","فَغَضِبَ","وَ-غَضِبَ","وَغَضِبَ","يَسْخَطُ","يَغْضَبُ"]·ben["-আমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হব","-আমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হয়েছিলাম","আমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হয়েছিলাম","এবং-ক্রুদ্ধ-হল","এবং-ক্রুদ্ধ-হলেন","এবং-রাগ-করল","এবং-রাগ-করলেন","এবং-সে-ক্রুদ্ধ-হলেন","ও-ক্রুদ্ধ-হলেন","ক্রুদ্ধ-হও","ক্রুদ্ধ-হবেন","ক্রুদ্ধ-হয়েছিলেন","ক্রুদ্ধ-হলেন","তুমি-রাগ-করবে","রাগ-করেছিলেন"]·DE["er-wird-sein-zornig","und-Er-war-zornig","und-er-war-angry","und-er-war-zornig","und-war-angry","und-war-zornig","und-waren-angry","und-zuernen","und-zuernte","war-zornig","wird-du-sein-zornig","zuernen","zuernte","zürnte"]·EN["I-was-angry","I-will-be-angry","and-He-was-angry","and-he-was-angry","and-was-angry","and-were-angry","be-angry","he-will-be-angry","was-angry","will-you-be-angry"]·FR["[ויקצף]","[קצף]","et-Il-était-angry","et-furent-irrité","et-fut-irrité","et-il-fut-irrité","et-il-était-angry","et-s’irriter","et-était-angry","et-était-en-colère","fera-tu-être-angry","il-fera-être-angry","il-sera-être-en-colère","s'irriter","s’irriter","était-angry","était-en-colère"]·heb["אקצוף","ו-יקצוף","ו-יקצף","ו-יקצפו","ו-קצף","ו-קצפו","יקצוף","יקצף","קצף","קצפתי","תקצוף","תקצף"]·HI["इसलिए-क्रोधित-हुआ","और-क्रोधित-हुआ","और-क्रोधित-हुए","और-गुस्स-हुए","क्रोधित-था","क्रोधित-रहूँगा","क्रोधित-हुआ","क्रोधित-हुए","क्रोधित-हो","क्रोधित-होगा","तू-क्रोधित-होगा","मैं-क्रोधित-हुआ","वह-क्रोध-करेगा"]·ID["Aku-akan-murka","Aku-marah","Aku-murka","Dan-marah","Dan-marahlah","Dia-akan-murka","Engkau-murka","Ia-murka","Murkalah","dan-Dia-murka","dan-marah","dan-marahlah","dan-murka","marah","murka"]·IT["[ויקצף]","[קצף]","adirarsi","e-Egli-fu-angry","e-adirarsi","e-egli-era-adirato","e-egli-fu-angry","e-era-adirato","e-erano-adirato","e-fu-angry","egli-fara-essere-angry","egli-volere-essere-adirato","fara-tu-essere-angry","fu-angry","ira"]·jav["Ingsun-duka","Kawula-badhe-duka","Kawula-duka","Lan-duka","Panjenengan-murka","Panjenenganipun-badhé-duka","duka","lan-duka","murub"]·KO["그래서-화났다","그리고-그-가-노하셨다","그리고-노하였다","그리고-노했다","그리고-분노했다","내가-노하였다","내가-화냈고","노하리라","노하셨느니라","노하셨도다","당신이-노하시겠나이까","분노했다","진노하지-마소서","화내리라"]·PT["E-iraram-se","E-irou-se","Irei-me","Irou-se","e-irou-se","irar-se-á","irar-te-ás","irou-se","me-irarei","me-irei","se-irará","te-ires"]·RU["И-разгневался","буду-гневаться","гневайся","и-разгневались","и-разгневался","разгневается","разгневаешься","разгневался","разгневался-Я"]·ES["Me-enojé","Se-airó","Y-se-enojaron","Y-se-enojó","me-enojaré","me-enojé","se-airará","se-airó","se-enojará","se-enojó","te-airarás?","te-enojes","y-se-airó","y-se-enojó"]·SW["Na-wakakasirika","Nilikasirika","alikasirika","atakasirika","kumka","na-akakasirika","na-akawakasirikia","na-wakakasirika","nilikasirika","nitakasirika","usikasirike","utaghadhibika","walikasirika"]·TR["Kizdigim","Kızdı","Ve-kızdılar","kiz","kizacagim","kizidim","kızacak","kızdı","ve-kizdidi","ve-kızdı","ve-öfkelendi","öfkelendi","öfkelenecek-misin","öfkelenir"]·urd["اور-غصّہ-ہوا","اور-غصے-میں-آیا","اور-غصے-ہوئے","اور-غضب-ہوا","اور-غضبناک-ہوا","اور-غضے-ہوئے","اور-ناراض-ہوا","تو-غضبناک-ہوگا","غصے-میں-آیا","غضب-ہو-گا","غضب-ہوگا","غضبناک-تھا","غضبناک-رہوں-گا","غضبناک-ہو","غضبناک-ہوا","میں-نے-غصہ-کیا"]
Gen 40:2, Gen 41:10, Exod 16:20, Lev 10:6, Lev 10:16, Num 16:22, Num 31:14, Deut 1:34, Deut 9:19, Josh 22:18, 1 Sam 29:4, 2 Kgs 5:11 (+16 more)
2. provoke to anger — To provoke to anger — the Hifil causative stem where the grammatical subject causes another (typically God) to become wrathful. Five occurrences concentrate in Moses' recollection of Israel's wilderness provocations (Deut 9:7, 8, 22) and in retrospective summaries of national sin (Ps 106:32; Zech 8:14). Spanish provocar a ira, French provoquer a la colere, German erzuernen, and Korean 노하게 하다 all deploy causative constructions, confirming the semantic shift from experiencing anger (sense 1) to eliciting it in another. The Hifil form transforms the word from a description of emotion into an accusation of culpability. 5×
AR["أَغْضَبْتَ","أَغْضَبْتُمْ","عِنْدَمَا-أَغْضَبَ","مُغْضِبِينَ","وَ-أَغضَبوهُ"]·ben["এবং-তারা-ক্রুদ্ধ-করল","ক্রুদ্ধকারী","তুমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-করেছিলে","তোমরা-ক্রুদ্ধ-করেছিলে","রাগ-করিয়েছিলে"]·DE["du-erzuernte-zu-Zorn","erzuernend-zu-Zorn","und-sie-provoked","zuernte"]·EN["and-they-provoked","provoking-to-anger","when-provoked-to-anger","you-provoked-to-anger"]·FR["et-s'irriter","provoking-à-colère","s'irriter","tu-provoqua-à-colère"]·heb["ב-הקציף","הקצפת","הקצפתם","ו-יקציפו","מקציפים"]·HI["और-उन्होंने-क्रोधित-किया","क्रोधित-करने-वाले","क्रोधित-किया-तुमने","क्रोधित-किया-तूने","में-क्रोधित-करने"]·ID["dan-mereka-membuat-murka","kamu-membuat-marah","ketika-membuat-murka","membuat-marah"]·IT["[בהקציף]","e-fu-adirato","provocando-a-ira","tu-provoco-a-ira"]·jav["Lan-sami-nerakaken","nalika-damel-duka","ndadosaken-duka","ndadosaken-duka-panjenengan","panjenengan-ndadosaken-duka"]·KO["~때에-노하게-하였을","그리고-노하게-하였나이다","노하게-하는-자들","노하게-하였느니라","노하게-하였느니라-너희가"]·PT["E-provocaram-à-ira","provocando-à-ira","provocaste-à-ira","provocastes-à-ira","quando-provocaram-ira"]·RU["-гневил-ты","И-прогневали","гневили-вы","гневящими","когда-прогневили"]·ES["Y-lo-hicieron-enojar","cuando-provocaron-a-ira","provocadores-a-ira","provocaste-a-ira","provocasteis-a-ira"]·SW["mlikuwa-mkimkasirisha","mlimkasirisha","na-wakamkasirisha","ulivyomkasirisha","wakati-waliponichukiza"]·TR["kızdıranlar","kızdırdın","kızdırdınız","kızdırdığında-","ve-kızdırdılar"]·urd["اور-وہ-غضبناک-کرنے-لگے","جب-غضبناک-کیا","غصہ-دلانے-والے","غصہ-دلایا-تم-نے","غصہ-دلایا-تُو-نے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. קָצַף vb. be wroth (NH id., Hiph. make wrathful (rare); Syriac ܩܨܰܦ be wrathful, also be anxious, fearful);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ק׳ Gn 41:10 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְצֹף Lv 10:6 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. קְצֹף Is 54:9; Pt. קֹצֵף Zc 1:15;—be wroth: 1. of God; abs. Dt 1:34 Is 57:16, 17(×2); 64:4, 8; Zc 1:15; c. עַל against, Lv 10:6; Nu 16:22 (P), Dt 9:19; Is 47:6; 54:9; La 5:22; Zc 1:2, 15; Ec 5:5; c. אֶל…