H7065 H7065
Be jealous/zealous for (possessive passion); be envious of (resentful desire); provoke to jealousy (Hifil).
The Hebrew verb qana names the fierce heat of exclusive attachment. In its Piel stem, it carries two faces Hebrew refuses to separate: burning zeal that defends what one possesses (God's jealousy for his people, Zech 1:14), and corrosive envy that covets what another has (Rachel envying Leah, Gen 30:1). Spanish distinguishes celar from envidiar, French jalousie from envie, and German Eifersucht from Neid — all splitting what Hebrew holds in one root. The Hifil adds a causative dimension: to provoke to jealousy, most memorably when Israel's idolatry 'provoked God to jealousy with what is no god' (Deut 32:21).
1. be jealous / zealous for — To be jealous or zealous for someone or something one possesses or to which one has a rightful claim — burning with possessive passion and exclusive devotion. With 17 occurrences, this dominant Piel sense encompasses a husband's jealousy for his wife in the sotah ritual (Num 5:14, 30), Phinehas's zeal that 'was jealous for his God' and turned back the plague (Num 25:11, 13), Elijah's passionate declaration 'I have been very jealous for the LORD' (1 Kgs 19:10, 14), and God's own jealousy for Zion (Zech 1:14; 8:2). Spanish celar/celo, French jalousie/zele, and Arabic غَيْرَة all preserve the ambiguity between righteous zeal and possessive jealousy. The word's emotional temperature is always high — qana denotes a consuming inner fire, not mild concern. 17×
AR["أَ-تَغَارُ","بِ-غَيْرَتِهِ","غَارَ","غَيْرَةً","غِرْتُ","فَغَارَتْ","وَ-غارَ","وَ-غَارَ","وَ-يَغَارُ","وَأَغَارُ"]·ben["আগ্রহী-ছিল","আমি-ঈর্ষা-করি","আমি-উদ্যমী-হয়েছি","আর-ঈর্ষা-করলেন","আর-ঈর্ষান্বিত-হব","ঈর্ষা-করি","এবং-উদ্দীপিত-হলেন","এবং-সে-ঈর্ষা-করে","করে-তার-আগ্রহ","কি-ঈর্ষান্বিত","তাঁর-উদ্যোগে","তীব্রভাবে"]·DE["[וקנאתי]","durch-seiend-eifersuechtig","eiferte","er-war-eifersuechtig","ich-habe-gewesen-eifersuechtig","in-sein-zeal","seiend-eifersuechtig","sind-du-eifersuechtig","und-eifersüchtig-war","und-eiferte","und-er-ist-eifersuechtig"]·EN["I-am-jealous","I-have-been-jealous","I-was-jealous","and-I-will-be-jealous","and-he-is-jealous","and-was-jealous","are-you-jealous","being-jealous","by-being-jealous","he-was-jealous","in-his-zeal"]·FR["dans-son-zeal","et-il-est-jaloux","et-était-jealous","et-être-jaloux","il-était-jaloux","je-ai-été-jaloux","par-étant-jaloux","sont-tu-jaloux","étant-jaloux","être-jaloux"]·heb["ב-קנאו","ב-קנאת-ו","המקנא","ו-יקנא","ו-קינאתי","ו-קנא","ו-תקנא","קינאתי","קנא","קנאתי"]·HI["अपनी-जोश-में","और-जलन-करे","और-जलन-की","और-जलन-हुई","और-मैं-जलूंगा","क्या-ईर्ष्या-करता-है","जलन-करके-उसने","जलना","जला","जला-हूँ","मैं-ईर्ष्या-करता-हूं","मैंने-जलन-की"]·ID["Aku-cemburu","Dan-TUHAN-cemburu","aku-cemburu","apakah-cemburu","cemburu","dalam-semangatnya","dan-Aku-akan-cemburu","dan-cemburu","dan-dia-cemburu","dengan-cemburu-nya","sangat-cemburu"]·IT["[ויקנא]","da-essendo-geloso","e-egli-e-geloso","e-fu-jealous","e-la-mia-gelosia","egli-fu-geloso","essendo-geloso","in-suo-zelo","io-avere-stato-geloso","la-mia-gelosia","sono-tu-geloso"]·jav["cemburuan-Kawula","déning-sregepipun","kula-sampun-semén","lan-Ingsun-meri","lan-meri","lan-piyambakipun-cemburu","lan-suwut","mawa-kasemenan","punapa-panjenengan-cemburu","sregep","wonten-ing-kasrégepanipun"]·KO["그리고-열심하겠다","그리고-질투하면","그리고-질투하시리라","그리고-질투했다","그의-열심-으로","내가-열심히-했다","내가-질투하였다","내가-질투하였도다","열심-으로-그가","열심했다","열심히-","혼인가-질투하는가"]·PT["E-teve-zelo","Tens-ciúmes","Zelei","e-teve-ciúme","e-teve-ciúmes","e-tiver-ciúme","e-zelarei","em-seu-zelo","em-zelar-ele","zelar","zelei","zelou"]·RU["И-возревновал","в-ревности-своей","возревновал-Я","и-будет-ревновать","и-возревную","и-ревновала","ревновал","ревновал-я","ревновать","ревнуешь-ли","ревнуя-его"]·ES["Celar","Estoy-celoso","He-sido-celoso","Y-celó","acaso-celoso","al-ser-celoso-él","en-su-celo","fue-celoso","he-celado","he-sido-celoso","y-cela","y-cele","y-envidio","y-seré-celoso"]·SW["Na-aliwiwa-wivu","Ukna","aliwiwa","je-unawionea-wivu","kwa-bidii-yake","kwa-wivu-wake","na-akawa-na-wivu","nimekuwa-na-wivu","nimewiwa-na-wivu","nitakuwa-na-wivu"]·TR["-kıskançlıkla-onun","Kıskandım","gayret","gayret-ettim","kıskandı","kıskandım","kıskançlığında","mı-kıskanıyorsun","ve-kıskandı","ve-kıskanç-olacağım","ve-kıskanır","ve-kıskanırsa"]·urd["اور-جلن-لگی","اور-غیرت-کروں-گا","اور-غیرت-کرے","اور-غیرت-کھائی","اپنی-غیرت-میں","غیرت","غیرت-مندی-میں-اُس-کے","غیرت-کی","میں-نے-غیرت-کی-ہے","کیا-غیرت-کرتا-ہے"]
Gen 30:1, Num 5:14, Num 5:14, Num 5:30, Num 11:29, Num 25:11, Num 25:13, 2 Sam 21:2, 1 Kgs 19:10, 1 Kgs 19:10, 1 Kgs 19:14, 1 Kgs 19:14 (+5 more)
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
2. be envious of — To be envious of another person on account of their advantages, status, or blessings — the corrosive counterpart to the protective jealousy of sense 1. With 11 occurrences, this Piel sense surfaces when Rachel envies Leah's fertility (Gen 30:1), the Philistines envy Isaac's wealth (Gen 26:14), Joseph's brothers envy him (Gen 37:11), and the psalmist warns against envying the wicked (Ps 37:1; 73:3; Prov 3:31; 23:17; 24:1, 19). Spanish envidiar, French envier, German beneiden, and Korean 시기하다 all deploy dedicated envy vocabulary distinct from the jealousy terms of sense 1. The wisdom literature consistently frames this sense as spiritual danger: 'do not envy the violent' (Prov 3:31), 'do not let your heart envy sinners' (Prov 23:17). 11×
AR["تَحْسُدْ","غِرْتُ","فَغَارَتْهُ","وَ-حَسَدوا","وَ-حَسَدَ-هُ","وَ-حَسَدَهُ","يَحْسُدُ","يَحْسُدْ"]·ben["আমি-ঈর্ষা-করেছিলাম","আর-ঈর্ষা-করল","আর-ঈর্ষা-করেছিল-তাকে","আর-হিংসা-করল-","ঈর্ষা-করবে","ঈর্ষা-করো","ঈর্ষান্বিত","এবং-তারা-ঈর্ষা-করল","হিংসা-করুক"]·DE["[ויקנאהו]","[יקנא]","eiferte","ich-Krieg-envious-von","sein-envious","und-beneideten","und-eiferten","und-sie-waren-jealous-von"]·EN["I-was-envious-of","and-envied","and-envied-it","and-they-were-jealous-of","and-were-jealous","be-envious","envy","let-envy","will-be-jealous-of"]·FR["[יקנא]","et-envied","et-étaient-jealous","et-être-jaloux","être-jaloux"]·heb["ו-יקנאו","ו-קינאוהו","יקנא","קינאתי","תקנא"]·HI["ईर्ष्या-कर","ईर्ष्या-करे","ईर्ष्या-करेगा","और-ईर्ष्या-किया-उससे","और-ईर्ष्या-की","और-ईर्ष्या-की-","और-उन्होंने-ईर्ष्या-की","डाह-कर","मैं-ईर्ष्या-करता-था"]·ID["Dan-iri-hatilah","aku-cemburu","cemburu","dan-cemburu","dan-iri-kepadanya","dan-mereka-cemburu","iri","iri-hati"]·IT["[ויקנאהו]","[יקנא]","e-envied","e-fu-geloso","e-furono-jealous","fu-geloso","gelosia"]·jav["Lan-meri","Lan-sadherekipun-sami-meri-","Lan-sami-meri","gregelan","iri","kawula-meri","lan-mèri","mèri"]·KO["그리고-시기하였나이다","그리고-시기하였다-그것을","그리고-시기했다","부러워하지","시기하고","시기하라","시기하였나이다","시기하지"]·PT["E-tiveram-ciúmes","E-tiveram-inveja","e-invejaram-o","inveje","invejes","tenhas-invégia","tenhas-invéja","terá-ciúme-de","tive-inveja"]·RU["И-позавидовали","И-позавидовали-","будет-завидовать","завидуй","и-завидовали","и-завидовали-ему","пусть-завидует","ревновал-я"]·ES["Y-tuvieron-envidia","envidies","tendrá-celos-de","tenga-envidia","tengas-envidia","tuve-envidia","y-celaron-","y-lo-envidiaron","y-tuvieron-envidia"]·SW["hatamwonea","kuwaonea-wivu","na-ilionewa-wivu","na-wakamwonea-wivu","na-wakaonea-wivu","niliwaonea-wivu","usimhusudu","waonee-wivu","wivu"]·TR["Ve-kıskandılar-","kiskanacak","kıskan","kıskandım","kıskanma","kıskansın","ve-kıskandılar","ve-kıskandılar-onu"]·urd["اور-جلے","اور-حسد-کیا","اور-رشک-کیا-اُس-پر","اور-وہ-حسد-کرنے-لگے","حسد-کر","حسد-کرے-گا","رشک-کر","رشک-کرے","میں-نے-حسد-کیا"]
3. provoke to jealousy — To provoke to jealousy — the Hifil causative stem, meaning to cause another to burn with jealous rage by one's actions, especially by idolatry. With 5 occurrences, this sense is concentrated in Deuteronomy 32, the Song of Moses, where Israel's worship of 'no-gods' provoked the LORD to jealousy (Deut 32:16, 21), and God responds symmetrically: 'I will provoke them to jealousy with a no-people' (Deut 32:21). Paul later quotes this passage to explain God's strategy of provoking Israel through Gentile inclusion (Rom 10:19). Additional instances appear in 1 Kings 14:22 (Judah provoking God with their high places) and Psalm 78:58 (Israel provoking God with their graven images). Spanish provocar a celos, French provoquer a jalousie, and German zur Eifersucht reizen all use causative constructions that mark this as a distinct stem from the reflexive Piel. 5×
AR["أَغَارُونِي","أَغَارُوهُ","أُغِيرُهُمْ","وَ-أَغِيرُوهُ"]·ben["ঈর্ষান্বিত-করব-তাদের","ঈর্ষান্বিত-করল-তাঁকে","ঈর্ষান্বিত-করেছে-আমাকে","এবং-ঈর্ষা-জাগাল","তারা-তাঁকে-ঈর্ষান্বিত-করেছিল"]·DE["erzuernte-mich-zu-Eifersucht","sie-erzuernte-ihn-zu-Eifersucht","sie-gemacht-ihn-jealous","und-provoked-zu-jealousy","wird-erzuernen-ihnen-zu-Eifersucht"]·EN["and-provoked-to-jealousy","provoked-me-to-jealousy","they-made-him-jealous","they-provoked-him-to-jealousy","will-provoke-them-to-jealousy"]·FR["et-provoqua-à-jealousy","fera-provoquer-eux-à-jalousie","ils-provoqua-lui-à-jalousie","provoqua-moi-à-jalousie","être-jaloux"]·heb["אקניאם","ו-קנאו","יקניאוהו","קינאוני"]·HI["ईर्ष्या-दिलाई-उसे","ईर्ष्या-दिलाई-मुझे","ईर्ष्या-दिलाऊँगा-उनको","ईर्ष्यालु-किया-उसे","और-ईर्ष्या-जगाई-उसे-उन्होंने"]·ID["Membuat-cemburu-Nya","dan-mereka-membuat-cemburu","membuat-Dia-cemburu","membuat-cemburu-Aku","membuat-cemburu-mereka"]·IT["e-provocò-a-jealousy","essi-provoco-lui-a-gelosia","fara-provocare-loro-a-gelosia","fu-geloso","provoco-me-a-gelosia"]·jav["Ndadosaken-butarepan","lan-damel-mèri-Piyambakipun","ndadosaken-butarepan-Kawula","ndadosaken-butarepan-tiyang-punika","tiyang-tiyang-ndadosaken-sengit-Panjenengan"]·KO["그들을-질투하게-하리라","그를-질투하게-했다","그리고-질투나게-했다","나를-질투하게-했다","시기하게-하였나이다-그-를"]·PT["Provocaram-no-a-ciúmes","e-provocaram-ciúmes","me-provocaram-a-ciúmes","o-fizeram-enciumar","os-provocarei-a-ciúmes"]·RU["Возбудили-ревность-Его","возбудили-ревность-Мою","возбуждали-ревность-Его","возбужу-ревность-их","и-возбудили-ревность-Его"]·ES["lo-provocaron-a-celos","los-provocaré-a-celos","me-provocaron-a-celos","y-lo-provocaron-a-celos"]·SW["Walimfanya-wivu","na-wakamfanya-aone-wivu","nitawafanya-wivu","walimtia-wivu","walinifanya-wivu"]·TR["kıskandıracağım-onları","kıskandırdılar","kıskandırdılar-O'nu","kıskandırdılar-beni","ve-kıskandırdılar"]·urd["اور-غیرت-دلائی","جلایا-اُسے","غیرت-دلاؤںگا-اُن-کی","غیرت-دلائی-اُس-نے-اُس-کی","غیرت-دلائی-میری"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [קָנָא] vb.denom Pi. be jealous, zealous (Gerber131);—Pf. 3 ms. קִנֵּא Nu 25:13 +; 1 s. קִנֵּאתִי Zc 1:14 + etc.; Impf. יְקַנֵּא Is 11:13; Pr 23:17, etc.; Inf. abs. קַנֹּא 1 K 19:10, 14; cstr. sf. קַנְאוֹ Nu 25:11; קַנֹאתוֹ 2 S 21:2; Pt. מְקַנֵּא Nu 11:29;— 1. be jealous of, c. acc. אֶת־אִשְׁתּוֹ Nu 5:14(×2), 30 (P); in rivalry Is 11:13. 2. be envious of, c. ב pers., Gn 30:1 (E), 37:11 (J) ψ…