פָּנֶה H6440
rostro, presencia, superficie; también delante de (espacial/temporal)
Literalmente 'rostro', este sustantivo hebreo extremadamente frecuente se extiende a una gama notable de significados. Puede designar el rostro físico de una persona o animal, la superficie de la tierra, la presencia de Dios (especialmente en la expresión 'delante de YHWH'), la posición espacial ('enfrente de') e incluso la prioridad temporal ('anteriormente'). Con más de 2.000 apariciones en la Biblia Hebrea, su significado central de 'rostro' irradia hacia los dominios espacial, temporal y teológico mediante extensión metafórica natural.
Sentidos
1. ante, enfrente de (espacial) — El rostro o presencia del Señor, con mayor frecuencia en la expresión 'delante de YHWH' (liphnê YHWH). Este uso teológico subraya la presencia y accesibilidad divinas en el culto. Las glosas multilingües mantienen el giro preposicional (español delante de, árabe أَمَامَ الرَّبِّ, suajili mbele za Bwana). 0×
AR["أمامَ", "أَمامَ", "أَمامَ-", "أَمَامَ"]·ben["-সামনে", "সম্মুখে", "সামনে"]·DE["vor", "vor-"]·EN["before"]·FR["devant"]·heb["ל-פני"]·HI["आगे", "के-सामने", "के-सामने-", "सामने", "साम्हने"]·ID["di-depan", "di-hadapan", "ke-hadapan"]·IT["davanti", "davanti-a"]·jav["wonten-ing-ngajeng", "wonten-ing-ngajengipun", "wonten-ing-sangajeng", "wonten-ing-sangajenging", "wonten-ngajeng", "wonten-ngarsanipun"]·KO["-앞에", "앞-에서", "앞에", "앞에-", "앞에서", "앞에서-"]·PT["diante-de", "diante-de-"]·RU["перед", "перед-лицом", "пред", "пред-лицом", "пред-лицом-"]·ES["ante", "delante-de", "delante-de-"]·SW["majibu-yako", "mbele", "mbele-ya", "mbele-ya-"]·TR["huzuruna", "önünde", "önünde-"]·urd["-سامنے", "حضور", "حضور-", "سامنے"]
Gen 27:7, Gen 43:14, Gen 47:18, Exod 6:30, Exod 8:20, Exod 14:19, Exod 27:21, Exod 28:29, Exod 29:23, Exod 29:42, Exod 30:16, Exod 34:34 (+38 más)
1. delante de, en presencia de — Sentido locativo-relacional: 'ante', 'delante de', 'en presencia de'. Las traducciones multilingües emplean consistentemente preposiciones de ubicación relativa (español ante/delante de, francés devant, árabe أَمَامَ). Indica la posición de alguien o algo frente a otra entidad, frecuentemente con matiz teológico de acceso o comparecencia. 1501×
AR["أمامَ", "أَمامَ", "أَمامَ-", "أَمَامَ"]·ben["-সামনে", "সম্মুখে", "সামনে"]·DE["vor", "vor-"]·EN["before"]·FR["devant"]·heb["ל-פני"]·HI["आगे", "के-सामने", "के-सामने-", "सामने", "साम्हने"]·ID["di-depan", "di-hadapan", "ke-hadapan"]·IT["davanti", "davanti-a"]·jav["wonten-ing-ngajeng", "wonten-ing-ngajengipun", "wonten-ing-sangajeng", "wonten-ing-sangajenging", "wonten-ngajeng", "wonten-ngarsanipun"]·KO["-앞에", "앞-에서", "앞에", "앞에-", "앞에서", "앞에서-"]·PT["diante-de", "diante-de-"]·RU["перед", "перед-лицом", "пред", "пред-лицом", "пред-лицом-"]·ES["ante", "delante-de", "delante-de-"]·SW["majibu-yako", "mbele", "mbele-ya", "mbele-ya-"]·TR["huzuruna", "önünde", "önünde-"]·urd["-سامنے", "حضور", "حضور-", "سامنے"]
Gen 27:7, Gen 43:14, Gen 47:18, Exod 6:30, Exod 8:20, Exod 14:19, Exod 27:21, Exod 28:29, Exod 29:23, Exod 29:42, Exod 30:16, Exod 34:34 (+38 más)
2. cara, orientación frontal — Orientación o posición espacial: 'enfrente', 'de cara a', 'frente a'. La evidencia interlingüística muestra vocabulario direccional consistente (español delante, francés devant, chino 面前), distinguiendo este sentido físico-espacial del sentido teológico de presencia divina. 187×
AR["الوَجهَ", "الْوَجْهِ", "لِوَجْهٍ", "وَجهاً", "وَجهٍ", "وَجْهاً", "وَجْهًا", "وَجْهٍ", "وَجْهَهُ"]·ben["মুখ", "মুখ-সম্পন্ন", "মুখকে", "মুখে", "মুখের", "মুখোমুখি"]·DE["Angesicht", "von-Angesicht", "zu-Angesicht"]·EN["His-face", "face", "of-face", "the-face", "to-face"]·FR["de-face", "face", "à-face"]·heb["ב-פנים", "פני", "פנים"]·HI["आमने", "आमने-", "चेहरा", "चेहरे", "चेहरे-का", "चेहरे-की", "चेहरे-को", "मुख", "मुख-अपना", "मुखों-वाला", "सामने"]·ID["dengan-muka", "muka", "wajah"]·IT["a-faccia", "di-volto", "faccia", "volto"]·jav["pasuryan", "pasuryan,", "pasuryaning", "praupan", "rai"]·KO["얼굴", "얼굴-을", "얼굴들의", "얼굴로", "얼굴을", "얼굴을-맞대고", "에서-얼굴"]·PT["de-rosto", "em-face", "face", "faces", "o-rosto", "rosto"]·RU["к-лицу", "лица", "лицо", "лицом", "лицу", "почтения"]·ES["a-cara", "cara", "en-ella", "rostro"]·SW["paּniym", "sana", "uso", "wa-uso", "ya-uso"]·TR["yuz", "yuzleri", "yüz", "yüze", "yüzleri", "yüzü", "yüzünü"]·urd["-روبرو", "آمنے", "آمنے-سامنے", "روبرو", "چہرہ", "چہرے", "چہرے-میں", "چہرے-والا", "چہرے-پر"]
Gen 32:30, Gen 32:30, Exod 33:11, Exod 33:11, Lev 17:10, Lev 20:3, Lev 20:5, Lev 20:6, Lev 26:17, Deut 5:4, Deut 28:50, Deut 31:17 (+38 más)
2. rostro, semblante — El rostro como parte del cuerpo, incluyendo las expresiones faciales y el semblante. Las traducciones usan vocabulario anatómico específico (español rostro/faz, árabe وَجْهَ, hindi मुँह). Se distingue claramente de las extensiones metafóricas por su referencia concreta a la fisonomía humana o animal. 369×
AR["وَجهِ", "وَجهِ-", "وَجْهَ", "وَجْهِ"]·ben["-মুখ", "মুখ", "মুখে", "মুখের", "সামনে"]·DE["Angesicht", "Angesicht-von", "surface-von"]·EN["face-of", "surface-of", "the-face-of"]·FR["face-de", "surface-de"]·heb["פני"]·HI["चेहरे", "पने", "मुँह", "मुख", "सतह", "सामने", "साम्हने"]·ID["-permukaan", "hadirat", "muka", "mulut", "permukaan", "wajah"]·IT["faccia-di", "surface-di", "volto-di"]·jav["lumahing", "ngajeng", "ngarepan", "ngarsaning", "pasuryan", "pasuryaning", "pasuryanipun", "permukaan", "rai", "wadana", "wadananipun"]·KO["면", "면전", "앞에", "얼굴", "얼굴-", "얼굴-에", "얼굴-위에", "얼굴-을", "얼굴-의", "얼굴들-의", "얼굴에-", "얼굴의", "표면"]·PT["a-face-de", "face-de"]·RU["-лица", "-лице", "-лицо", "лица", "лице", "лицо", "лицо-", "лицу", "поверхности"]·ES["el-rostro-de", "faz-de", "frente-a", "frente-de", "rostro-de"]·SW["kinywa-cha", "uso", "uso-wa", "uso-wa-", "wa"]·TR["ağzının", "yuzu", "yüzeyi", "yüzeyinde", "yüzü", "yüzü-nün", "yüzüne", "yüzüne-", "yüzünü", "yüzünün", "önü", "önünün"]·urd["رخ", "رُخ", "سامنے", "سطح", "سطح-کے", "منہ", "چہرہ", "چہرے", "چہرے-کے"]
3. antes de, previamente — El rostro físico literal de un ser humano o animal. Las glosas emplean vocabulario anatómico facial (español rostro/cara, árabe وَجْهَ, hindi मुँह), identificando claramente este como el sentido corporal concreto, diferenciado de las extensiones metafóricas. 0×
AR["قَبْلاً", "قَبْلَهُ", "قَدِيمًا"]·ben["আগে", "তাঁর-আগে", "তাঁর-পূর্বের", "তাঁর-সামনে", "তার-আগে।", "পূর্বে"]·DE["Angesicht", "formerly", "frueher", "vor-ihn", "zu-Angesicht"]·EN["before-him", "formerly"]·FR["autrefois", "devant-lui", "face"]·heb["ל-פני-ו", "ל-פניו", "ל-פנים", "לפניו", "לפנים"]·HI["-पहले", "उसके-पहले", "उससे-पहले", "पहले", "पहले-उस-के", "पहले-उसके", "रहते-थे", "ल-उससे-पहले"]·ID["dahulu", "dahulu-kala", "sebelumnya"]·IT["anticamente", "davanti-a-lui", "faccia", "formerly"]·jav["Rumiyin", "ngajeng", "rumiyin", "saderengipun", "sakdèrèngipun"]·KO["그-앞에", "그의-앞에", "에-전에", "예전에", "이전에", "이전에는", "전에"]·PT["Antigamente", "antes", "antes-dele", "antigamente", "diante-dele"]·RU["до-него", "пред-ним", "прежде"]·ES["Antiguamente", "antes", "antes-de-él", "antiguamente"]·SW["kabla", "kabla-yake", "zamani"]·TR["-önünde", "eskiden", "önce", "önceden", "öncesinde", "öncesindeydi", "önünde"]·urd["اُس-سے-پہلے", "اُس-سے-پہلے-تھے", "پہلے", "پہلے-اُس-سے", "پہلے-کے-زمانے-میں"]
Exod 10:14, Deut 2:10, Deut 2:12, Deut 2:20, Deut 4:32, Josh 10:14, Josh 11:10, Josh 14:15, Josh 15:15, Judg 1:10, Judg 1:11, Judg 1:23 (+38 más)
4. a causa de, por razón de — Sentido causal: 'a causa de', 'por motivo de', 'debido a'. Frecuente en contextos donde la presencia o acción de alguien provoca una consecuencia. Las traducciones emplean locuciones causales (español por causa de, a causa de), reflejando una extensión semántica desde la confrontación espacial hacia la motivación. 14×
AR["بِسَبَبِ", "بِـ-سَبَبِ-", "مِن-أَمَامِ", "مِن-أَمَامِ-", "مِنْ-أَمامِ", "مِنْ-أَمَامِ", "وَ-مِنْ-أَمَامِ", "وَ-مِنْ-وَجْهِ", "وَمِنْ-أَمَامِ", "وَمِنْ-وَجْهِ"]·ben["-কারণে", "-মুখে-", "এবং-থেকে-সামনে", "এবং-সামনে-", "ও-কারণে", "ও-সামনে-থেকে", "কারণে", "কারণে-", "সামনে-থেকে"]·DE["und-von-Angesicht-von", "und-von-vor", "von-vor", "wegen"]·EN["and-because-of", "and-from-before", "and-from-face-of", "from-before", "from-face-of", "from-face-of-"]·FR["de-devant", "et-de-face-de", "et-von-devant", "à-cause-de"]·heb["ו-מ-ל-פני", "ו-מ-פני", "מ-פני", "מ-פני-"]·HI["और-के-कारण", "और-सामने-से", "और-से-सामने", "के-कारण-", "मिप्पने", "सामने-से", "सामने-से-"]·ID["dan-dari-hadapan", "dan-di-hadapan", "dan-oleh-karena", "di-hadapan-", "karena", "karena-", "kepada"]·IT["a-causa-di", "da-davanti", "e-da-davanti", "e-da-faccia-di", "e-da-volto-di"]·jav["lan-saking-ngajeng-", "lan-saking-ngajeng-ipun", "lan-saking-ngajengipun", "lan-saking-ngarsaning", "lan-saking-ngarsanipun", "saking-ngajeng", "saking-ngajeng-", "saking-ngajengipun"]·KO["-때문에", "그리고-때문에-", "그리고-로부터-앞-에서", "그리고-앞에서", "그리고-앞에서-", "때문에", "앞에서-"]·PT["de-diante-de", "de-face-de", "e-da-face-de", "e-de-diante-de", "e-por-causa-de", "e-por-causa-de-", "por-causa-de"]·RU["и-от-лица", "из-за", "от-", "от-лица", "от-лица-", "пред", "против"]·ES["a-causa-de", "de-ante", "de-delante-de", "por-causa-de", "y-de-ante", "y-de-delante-de", "y-de-presencia-de", "y-delante-de", "y-por-causa-de"]·SW["kwa-sababu-ya", "kwa-sababu-ya-", "mbele-ya", "mbele-ya-", "na-kwa-sababu-ya", "na-mbele-ya", "wּmiliּpney"]·TR["onunden", "onunden-", "ve-karşısından", "ve-onunden-", "ve-yüzünden", "ve-önünden-", "yüzünden", "önünden"]·urd["اور-سامنے", "اور-سامنے-سے", "اور-کے-سبب-سے", "سامنے-سے", "سے-سامنے"]
4. antes, anteriormente — Sentido temporal: 'antes de', 'anteriormente', 'en tiempos pasados', derivado de la metáfora espacial de lo que está delante de uno. Las traducciones recurren a adverbios temporales (español antes/antiguamente, francés autrefois, alemán früher), marcando la transición del espacio al tiempo. 52×
AR["قَبْلاً", "قَبْلَهُ", "قَدِيمًا"]·ben["আগে", "তাঁর-আগে", "তাঁর-পূর্বের", "তাঁর-সামনে", "তার-আগে।", "পূর্বে"]·DE["Angesicht", "formerly", "frueher", "vor-ihn", "zu-Angesicht"]·EN["before-him", "formerly"]·FR["autrefois", "devant-lui", "face"]·heb["ל-פני-ו", "ל-פניו", "ל-פנים", "לפניו", "לפנים"]·HI["-पहले", "उसके-पहले", "उससे-पहले", "पहले", "पहले-उस-के", "पहले-उसके", "रहते-थे", "ल-उससे-पहले"]·ID["dahulu", "dahulu-kala", "sebelumnya"]·IT["anticamente", "davanti-a-lui", "faccia", "formerly"]·jav["Rumiyin", "ngajeng", "rumiyin", "saderengipun", "sakdèrèngipun"]·KO["그-앞에", "그의-앞에", "에-전에", "예전에", "이전에", "이전에는", "전에"]·PT["Antigamente", "antes", "antes-dele", "antigamente", "diante-dele"]·RU["до-него", "пред-ним", "прежде"]·ES["Antiguamente", "antes", "antes-de-él", "antiguamente"]·SW["kabla", "kabla-yake", "zamani"]·TR["-önünde", "eskiden", "önce", "önceden", "öncesinde", "öncesindeydi", "önünde"]·urd["اُس-سے-پہلے", "اُس-سے-پہلے-تھے", "پہلے", "پہلے-اُس-سے", "پہلے-کے-زمانے-میں"]
Exod 10:14, Deut 2:10, Deut 2:12, Deut 2:20, Deut 4:32, Josh 10:14, Josh 11:10, Josh 14:15, Josh 15:15, Judg 1:10, Judg 1:11, Judg 1:23 (+38 más)
5. superficie, faz de — La superficie o faz de la tierra, el suelo o las aguas. Esta extensión del rostro humano a la superficie terrestre se refleja en traducciones que mantienen la construcción 'faz de' (árabe وَجْهِ الأَرْضِ, suajili uso wa nchi) o recurren a terminología de 'superficie'. 4×
AR["وَجْهَهَا", "وَجْهِ-"]·ben["তার-মুখ", "মুখ", "মুখ-"]·DE["Angesicht", "Angesicht-von-", "Fläche-"]·EN["and-twists", "face-of-", "its-surface"]·FR["face", "face-de-"]·heb["פני", "פניה"]·HI["उसकी-सतह", "पने-", "मुख-", "सतह-उसकी"]·ID["permukaan", "permukaannya", "wajah"]·IT["faccia", "volto-di-"]·jav["lumahing-nipun", "pasuryan", "sanginggiling"]·KO["그-표면을", "그의-면을", "앞-을", "표면"]·PT["a-face-de-", "face-de", "sua-face"]·RU["лицо-", "лицо-её", "поверхность-её"]·ES["faz-de", "faz-de-", "su-faz", "su-superficie"]·SW["uso-wa-", "uso-wake", "wa"]·TR["yuzunu", "yüzünü-"]·urd["اُس-کا-چہرہ", "اُس-کی-سطح", "سطح-کو", "چہرہ-"]
9. rostro físico literal — El rostro en su acepción más concreta y corporal: la cara visible de una persona o animal como parte anatómica. Sin extensión metafórica, refiere estrictamente al aspecto físico del semblante, incluyendo los rasgos faciales como objeto de descripción o percepción directa. 0×
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
[פָּנֶה] pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. Pr 25:23 and (Ez 21:21 = edge; on 2 S 10:9 v. infr.) f. face, also faces (as turned toward one);—pl. abs. פָּנִים Gn 32:31 +; cstr. פְּנֵי 2 S 14:32 +; sf. 1 s. פָּנַי Gn 43:3 +; 3 ms. פָּנָיו Gn 4:5 +, פָּנֵ֑ימוֹ ψ 11:7 (Köii. 1, 446); 2 mpl. פְּנֵיכֶם Gn 40:7 +, etc.;—usually c. vb. pl., Gn 4:5, 6; Ex 33:14 +; c. vb. sg. La 4:16 (through influence of intervening…