עַל, H5921a
upon, on, over (spatial); against (adversative); beside, by, at (proximity); because of, therefore (causal); concerning, about (topical); for, on behalf of (benefactive); to, unto (directional); according to, in addition to (normative)
Senses
1. upon, on, over (spatial) — Core spatial sense of surface contact or vertical superiority: Arabic consistently عَلَى, Korean 위에 (upon/on top), Swahili juu ya (on top of); includes all pronominal suffix forms (him, her, it, me, us) and conjunctive forms (and-over) where the underlying meaning remains spatial position or superposition. 5443×
AR["عَلى-","عَلَى","عَلَى-"]·ben["-উপর","-এর-উপর","-ওপরে-","উপর","উপর-","উপরে","উপরে-","প্রতি"]·DE["auf","auf-"]·EN["on","upon"]·FR["sur"]·heb["על","על-"]·HI["पर","पर-"]·ID["atas-","dalam","dengan","di atas-","di-","di-atas","pada"]·IT["sopra","su"]·jav["ing-","wonten","wonten-ing","wonten-ing-"]·KO["위-에","위로","위에","위에-"]·PT["sobre","sobre-"]·RU["на","на-","с-","среди-"]·ES["sobre","sobre-"]·SW["juu-ya","juu-ya-","kwa-","pamoja-na"]·TR["üzerinde","üzerinde-","üzerine","üzerine-"]·urd["-پر-","پر","پر-"]
Gen 17:17, Gen 22:9, Gen 30:3, Gen 40:16, Exod 25:22, Exod 26:32, Exod 28:23, Exod 28:30, Exod 28:43, Exod 29:16, Exod 29:38, Exod 30:14 (+38 more)
2. against (adversative) — Hostile or adversative sense: Arabic عَلَى in adversative contexts, Korean 대항하여/대적하여 (opposing/resisting) and 향하여 (directed toward), Swahili dhidi ya (against); English consistently renders 'against' rather than 'upon'; includes all pronominal forms (against-you, against-me, against-them, against-it, against-us). 120×
AR["عَلَيكَ","عَلَيْكَ","عَلَيْكِ","عَلِيكَ"]·ben["-তোমার-বিরুদ্ধে","আপনার-বিরুদ্ধে","তোমার-বিরুদ্ধে"]·DE["gegen-du","gegen-über","ueber","ueber-dich"]·EN["against-you"]·FR["contre-toi","contre-tu","sur","sur-toi"]·heb["על-ך","עלי-ך","עלייך","עליך"]·HI["तुझ-पर","तुझपर","तेरे-उपर","तेरे-पर","तेरे-विरुद्ध","पर-तुझ","पर-तुझे","विरुद्ध-तेरे"]·ID["atas-mu","melawan-Mu","melawan-kamu","melawanmu","terhadapmu"]·IT["contro-di-te","contro-tu","su","su-di-te","su-tuo"]·jav["dhateng-panjenengan","nglawan-Panjenengan","nglawan-panjenengan","tumrap-panjenengan","wonten-ing-panjenengan"]·KO["너-에게","너-위에","너를-대적하노라","너를-대하여","너를-향하여","너에게-대하여","너에게-대항하여","네-위에","당신-에게-대하여","당신-을-향하여","당신에게","당신을-향해","에-너"]·PT["contra-ti","sobre-ti"]·RU["на-тебя","на-тебя,","против-Тебя","против-тебя"]·ES["contra-ti"]·SW["aleyka","dhidi-yako","juu-yako"]·TR["-üzerine-sana","aleyhine-senin","sana-karsi","sana-karşı","uzerine","üzerine","üzerine-senin"]·urd["-تیرے-خلاف","تجھ-پر","تیرے-اوپر","تیرے-خلاف","تیرے-خلاف۔","تیرے-پر","عَلیک"]
Gen 50:20, Deut 7:22, Deut 15:9, Deut 23:4, Deut 24:15, Deut 28:7, Deut 28:49, Judg 9:31, 2 Sam 18:31, 2 Sam 18:32, 1 Kgs 20:22, 2 Chr 20:2 (+38 more)
3. beside, by, at (proximity) — Proximity or locative-adjacency sense: Arabic عِنْدَ (at/beside) distinctly replaces عَلَى, Korean 에서 (at) and 옆에 (beside), Swahili karibu na (near/beside), kando ya (alongside), kwenye (at); English 'by/beside/at'; semantically distinct from spatial 'upon' in denoting adjacency rather than superposition. 55×
AR["على-","عن-","عَلى-","عَلَى-","عِنْدَ","عِنْدَ-","فِي-","وَ-عَلَى-"]·ben["-উপর","-এর-উপর","-এর-কাছে","-কাছে-","-পাশে","উপরে-","এবং-পাশে-"]·DE["bei","bei-über","ueber","und-ueber"]·EN["and-at-","at","at-"]·FR["et-sur","sur","à"]·heb["ו-על","על","על-","על־"]·HI["-पर","उसके","ऊपर","और-उसके-पास","पर","पर-"]·ID["dan-di-samping-","di","di-"]·IT["a","e-su","su"]·jav["Lan-ing-sandhingipun","ing","lan-ing-sandhingipun","wonten-","wonten-ing","wonten-ing-"]·KO["그리고-에-","에-","에서","에서-","위-에","위-에서"]·PT["e-ao-lado-dele","junto","junto-a","junto-a-","junto-às","sobre","sobre-","à"]·RU["в","и-рядом-с-ним","на-","над","над-","по-","у-"]·ES["Y-a-","a","en","junto-a","junto-a-","sobre","sobre-"]·SW["katika","kulia-kwako","kwenye","na-karibu-na","upande-wa"]·TR["-de","uzerinde-","ve-yanında-","yanında","yanında-","üzerinde-","üzerine-"]·urd["اور-کے-ہاتھ","عَل","میں","پر","پر-"]
4. because of, therefore (causal) — Causal and inferential sense: Arabic مِنْ أَجْلِ (because of), بِسَبَبِ (on account of), لِذلِكَ (therefore); Korean 그러므로 (therefore), 때문에 (because of); Swahili kwa sababu ya (because of), kwa hiyo/kwa hivyo (therefore); Hindi के कारण / इसलिए (because/therefore); includes conjunctive forms (and-for with causal meaning) and interrogative causal contexts. 51×
AR["عَلى-","عَلَى","وَ-عَلى-"]·ben["-উপর","-হেতু","এবং-কারণে-","কারণে-"]·DE["ueber","und-ueber"]·EN["and-for-","for","for-","therefore-"]·FR["et-sur","sur"]·heb["ו-עַל-","עַל-","על","על־"]·HI["और-के-कारण-","कारण","के-कारण-","के-लिये-"]·ID["Karena-","dan-karena-","karena","karena-","untuk-"]·IT["e-su","su"]·jav["awit-saking","dhumateng-","kanggé-","lan-dhumateng-","pramila"]·KO["그리고-에-대해","대하여-","에","에-대해"]·PT["e-por-","por-"]·RU["за-","и-за-","потому-"]·ES["Por-","por","por-","y-por-"]·SW["Kwa-sababu-ya","kwa-ajili-ya-","kwa-hiyo-","kwa-sababu-ya","na-kwa-sababu-ya"]·TR["-için-","için-","ve-için-"]·urd["-کی-خاطر","اور-کی-وجہ-سے-","پر-","کی-وجہ-سے-","کے-لیے-"]
Gen 19:22, Gen 20:6, Num 18:24, Num 21:14, Num 21:27, 1 Sam 30:6, 2 Sam 1:12, 2 Sam 1:12, 2 Sam 1:12, 2 Sam 7:22, 2 Chr 29:21, 2 Chr 29:24 (+38 more)
5. concerning, about (topical) — Topical or referential sense indicating the subject matter: Arabic عَنْ (about) alongside عَلَى, Korean 에 대하여 (regarding/concerning), Swahili kuhusu (about/concerning); Hindi विषय में / बारे में (about); distinct from causal 'because of' in that the topic is referenced without implying causation. 39×
AR["بِسَبَبِ","عَلى","عَلى-","عَلَى","عَلَيْكَ","عَنِ־","عَنْكَ"]·ben["-এর-উপর","-বিষয়ে","কারণে-","তোমার-উপরে","তোমার-পক্ষে","তোমার-বিষয়ে","তোমার-সম্বন্ধে"]·DE["betreffend","concerning-","fuer-du","ueber","ueber-dich","wegen","wegen-","über"]·EN["concerning","concerning-","concerning-you","for-you"]·FR["concernant","concernant-","pour-tu","sur","sur-toi"]·heb["על","על-","על-ך","עלי-ך","עליך"]·HI["के-बारे-में","तुझ-पर","तुझे","तेरे-बारे","तेरे-विषय","तेरे-विषय-में","पर-","विषय-में","विषय-में-"]·ID["Mengenai-","atasmu","mengenai","mengenai-","mengenaimu","tentang","tentang-","tentang-mu","tentangmu"]·IT["concerning-","per-tu","riguardo-a","su","su-di-te"]·jav["Miturut","bab-","bab-panjenengan","dhateng-Panjenengan","dhateng-panjenengan","dhumateng-panjenengan","miturut","tumrap-"]·KO["너-에게","너를-위하여","너에-대하여","너에게-관하여","네-위에","당신-에-대하여","당신에게","에-대하여","위에","위에-너"]·PT["Sobre-","sobre","sobre-","sobre-ti"]·RU["из-за","на-","на-основании","о-","о-тебе"]·ES["Sobre","a-ti","por","por-ti","sobre","sobre-","sobre-ti"]·SW["Kuhusu","juu","juu-ya","juu-ya-","juu-yako","kuhusu","kuhusu-","kuhusu-wewe","kukuhusu","neno"]·TR["-e-sana","hakkında","hakkında-senin","senin-üzerinde","üzerinde-","üzerine","üzerine-","üzerine-senin"]·urd["(کے)-بارے-میں","-تجھ-پر","بارے-میں","بارے-میں-","تجھ-پر","تیرے-بارے-میں","تیرے-خلاف","پر","کے-بارے-میں"]
6. for, on behalf of (benefactive) — Benefactive or purpose sense: Arabic مِنْ أَجْلِكَ / لِأَجْلِ (for the sake of), Korean 를 위하여 (for/on behalf of), Swahili kwa ajili ya (for the sake of); Hindi के लिए / कारण (for/because of in benefactive sense); distinct from causal sense in orienting benefit toward a person rather than expressing logical cause. 22×
AR["عَلَيْكَ","عَلَيْكَ-","عَلَيْكُمْ","عَلَيْكِ","عَنْكُمْ","لِأَجْلِكَ","مِنْ-أجْلِكَ"]·ben["তোমাদের-জন্য","তোমার-উপরে","তোমার-জন্য"]·DE["auf","fuer-du","ueber","ueber-dich"]·EN["against-you","at-you","for-You","for-you","on-account-of-You","over-you","upon-You"]·FR["pour-toi","pour-tu","sur","sur-toi"]·heb["על","עלייך","עליך","עליכם"]·HI["तुझ-पर","तुम-पर","तुम्हारे पर","तुम्हारे-लिए","तुम्हारेलिए","तेरे-कारण"]·ID["Atas-Engkau","atasmu","atasmu.","atasmu:","bagi-kamu","bagimu","karena-Mu","karenamu.","karenamu;","oleh-karena-Engkau","terhadapmu,","untuk-kamu","untukmu"]·IT["per-te","per-tu","su","su-di-te"]·jav["Dhateng-Panjenengan","amargi-Paduka","bab-panjenengan","bab-panjenengan.","kangge-panjenengan","kanggé-panjenengan","karana-Panjenengan","nglawan-panjenengan","panjenengan-sadaya","panjenengan-sedaya","sira","wonten-ing-panjenengan."]·KO["너를-위하여","너를-향하여","너희-를-위하여","너희-를-위해","너희-위에","너희-위해","너희를-위하여","당신-에게","당신-위에","주-를-위하여"]·PT["Sobre-ti","por-Ti","por-ti","por-vós","sobre-ti","sobre-vós"]·RU["Мою","за-вас","на-Тебя","на-тебе","на-тебя","над-тобой","о-тебе","ради-Тебя","тебя"]·ES["Sobre-ti","por-ti","por-vosotros","sobre-ti","sobre-vosotros"]·SW["Kwako","juu-yako","kwa-ajili-yako","kwa-ajili-yenu"]·TR["sana-","senin-uğruna-","senin-üzerine","sizin-için","üzerine-senin","üzerinizde","üzerinize"]·urd["تجھ-پر","تم-پر","تمہارے-لیے","تیرے-اوپر","تیرے-خلاف","تیرے-لیے","عَلی-تیرے"]
7. to, unto (directional) — Directional or allative sense indicating motion or orientation toward: Arabic إِلَى (to/toward) replaces عَلَى, Korean 에게 (to someone), Swahili hadi (up to/unto) and kwake (to him); English 'to/unto'; includes conjunctive forms (and-to); distinct from spatial 'upon' in denoting direction of movement rather than static position. 19×
AR["إلى-","إِلَى-","إِلَيْهِ","بِكَ","بِنَا","عَلَيْكَ","عَلَيْكِ","عَلَيْهِ","وَ-عَلَى-","وَعَلَى","وَلِكَلِمَاتِ"]·ben["-তোমার-কাছে","-পর্যন্ত","আমাদের-উপরে","উপরে-","এবং--এর-বিষয়ে","ও-প্রতি","ও-বিরুদ্ধে-","তাঁর-কাছে","তাঁর-দিকে","তার-কাছে","তোমার-উপরে","তোমার-কাছে","তোমার-সাথে"]·DE["auf-uns","ueber-dich","ueber-ihn","und-ueber","zu-du","zu-ihn","zu-über","zu-über-"]·EN["and-to-","and-unto-","to","to-","to-him","to-you","unto-him","upon-us"]·FR["et-sur","ses-feuilles","sur","sur-nous","sur-toi","à-lui","à-tu"]·heb["ו-על","ו-על-","על","על-","עלי-ו","עלי-ך","עליו","עלייך","עליך","עלינו"]·HI["उस-पर","उसके-पास","उसके-विरुद्ध","और-के-ऊपर-","और-के-विरुद्ध-","और-पर","और-पर-","तक","तुझ-पर","तुझ-से","तेरी-ओर","तेरे-पास","पर-","हम-से"]·ID["dan-kepada","dan-kepada-","kami","kepadamu","kepadanya","sampai-"]·IT["a-lui","a-tu","e-su","sopra-noi","su","su-di-lui","su-di-te"]·jav["Dhateng-panjenengan","dhateng-panjenengan","dhateng-panjenenganipun","dhateng-piyambakipun","ing-tengahing","kaliyan-kita","kaliyan-piyambakipun","lan-dhateng","lan-dhateng-","lan-dhumateng-","wonten-ing-"]·KO["-위에","그리고-에-대하여","그리고-에-대해-","그리고-에게-","그리고-위에-","그에게","너-위-에","너-위에","너에게","당신에게","에-","우리를"]·PT["a-ti","até","e-contra-","e-nas","e-sobre","e-sobre-","para-ele","sobre-ele","sobre-nós","sobre-ti"]·RU["до-","и-","и-к-","к-нему","к-тебе","на-тебя","нас"]·ES["a-nosotros","a-ti","hacia-él","hasta","hasta-","sobre-ti","sobre-él","y-a","y-a-"]·SW["hadi","juu-yako","kwake","kwako","na-kwa","na-kwa-","nasi","nawe","pamoja-naye","sisi","wal"]·TR["-","bize","ona","sana","uzerine","ve-","ve-e","ve-üzerine-","yanından","üzerine","üzerine-","üzerine-ona"]·urd["-پر","اور-اوپر","اور-سے-","اور-پاس-","اور-کے-بارے-میں","اُس-طرف","اُس-پر","اُس-کے-پاس","تجھ-سے","تجھ-پر","تیرے-پاس","پر","ہم-سے","ہمیں"]
Exod 3:18, Exod 5:3, Num 18:2, Num 18:4, 2 Sam 17:11, 2 Sam 24:20, 1 Kgs 8:5, 1 Kgs 11:24, 2 Chr 32:9, Ps 19:6, Ps 48:10, Isa 45:14 (+7 more)
8. according to, in addition to (normative) — Standard/norm sense and additive extension: Arabic بِحَسَبِ (according to), Korean 에 따라 (in accordance with), Swahili kulingana na (according to) and pamoja na (together with/in addition to); marks a reference standard or an additive relation beyond the base spatial meaning. 13×
AR["بِحَسَبِ","عَلَى","عَلَى-"]·ben["অনুসারে-","উপর-","উপরে-","মুখের-অনুসারে"]·DE["auf-","besides-","durch-","gemaess-zu-"]·EN["according-to-","besides-","by-","upon-"]·FR["en-plus-de-","par-","selon-à-","sur-"]·heb["על","על-"]·HI["उपर","के-अतिरिक्त","के-अनुसार","पर","पर-","सेनाओं-के-अनुसार"]·ID["atas","atas-","di-dekat","menurut","menurut-","selain"]·IT["da-","oltre-a-","per-","secondo-a-","su-"]·jav["Miturut-","ing-cèlak","kajawi-","miturut-"]·KO["에-따라","위-에","위에"]·PT["Sobre-","conforme-","sobre","sobre-"]·RU["на-","по-","помимо-","у-"]·ES["Según-","según-","sobre","sobre-"]·SW["juu-ya-","karibu-na-","kulingana-na","kulingana-na-","kwa-","pamoja-na"]·TR["-e","-üzerine-","üzerinde","üzerine","üzerine-"]·urd["اوپر","بمطابق","بموجب","علاوہ","مطابق","پاس","پر-"]
9. sense 9 7×
AR["عَنّا","مِنْ-عَلَيْنَا"]·ben["আমাদের-উপর-থেকে","আমাদের-উপর-থেকে।","আমাদের-ওপর-থেকে"]·DE["ueber","von-auf-uns","von-ueber-uns"]·EN["from-upon-us"]·FR["de-sur-nous","sur"]·heb["מ-על","מ-על-נו","מ-עלינו","מֵ-עָלֵינוּ"]·HI["से-उपर-हम","से-ऊपर-हमारे","हम-पर-से","हम-से","हम-से-ऊपर","हमसे","हमारे-ऊपर-से"]·ID["dari-atas-kami","dari-atas-kita","dari-kami","dari-kita","dari-kita?"]·IT["da-su-di-noi","da-su-noi","su"]·jav["saking-kawula","saking-kawula-sedaya","saking-kita","saking-kula-sedaya","saking-nginggil-kita"]·KO["에서-위에-우리","우리-에게서","우리-위에서","우리로부터-위의","우리에게서","우리에게서-위"]·PT["de-sobre-nós"]·RU["нам","от-нас"]·ES["de-sobre-nosotros"]·SW["kutoka-juu-yetu","kutoka-kwetu"]·TR["-üzerimizden","bizden","üzerimizden","üzerimizden-","üzerinden-bizim"]·urd["ہم-سے","ہم-پر-سے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
עַל, עָ֑ל (cf. Köii. 261 f.) I. subst. height (poet.) †Ho 7:16 יָשׁוּבוּ לֹא עָ֗ל they return (but) not upwards (i.e. not God-wards), 11:7 וְאֶל־עַל יִקְרָאֻהוּ they (the prophets) call it (the people) upwards, (but) none striveth to rise; as adv. accus., 2 S 23:1 the man הֻ֣קַּם עָ֔ל (that) is raised up on high. With מִן, מֵעָ֑ל, †(ה)שׁמים מֵעָ֑ל (the) heavens above Gn 27:39; 49:25 ψ 50:4 (opp.…