H5753b H5753b
To commit iniquity, act perversely, do wrong; denominative from 'avon (iniquity), spanning Qal, Hifil, and Nifal stems.
Derived from the noun 'avon (iniquity/guilt), this verb appears in confessional and judicial contexts where moral failure is being acknowledged or described. Solomon's great prayer includes it in a triad with 'sinned' and 'acted wickedly' (1 Kgs 8:47), a formula echoed in Daniel 9:5 and Psalm 106:6. David uses the Hifil after the census disaster -- 'I have done very wickedly' (2 Sam 24:17) -- while the sole Nifal participle in 1 Samuel 20:30 describes a state of perversion. Spanish consistently renders it with 'iniquidad' and 'perversamente,' preserving the moral weight.
Senses
1. act perversely (Hifil) — The Hifil factitive sense of deliberately acting perversely or committing iniquity, the most frequent form. The causative stem conveys willful moral distortion -- choosing to twist what is right. Found in David's confession after the census (2 Sam 24:17), God's conditional warning about Solomon's heir (2 Sam 7:14), David's plea to Shimei (2 Sam 19:19), and the great confessional formulas of 1 Kgs 8:47 (= 2 Chr 6:37) and Ps 106:6. Spanish 'hice perversamente' and 'cometimos iniquidad' faithfully render the deliberate moral agency. 7×
AR["أَثِمنا", "أَثِمْنَا", "أَساءَ", "أَسَأْتُ", "الإِثْمَ", "عِندَ-إثمِهِ", "وَ-أَثِمْنَا"]·ben["অন্যায়-করতে", "অন্যায়-করেছি", "অন্যায়-করেছিল", "আমরা-অন্যায়-করেছি", "এবং-অন্যায়-করেছি", "তার-অন্যায়-করায়"]·DE["[העוה]", "[העוינו]", "ich-habe-getan-Unrecht", "in-sein-tuend-Unrecht", "tat-Unrecht", "und-wir-handelte-perversely", "wir-haben-getan-wrong"]·EN["I-have-done-wrong", "and-we-acted-perversely", "did-wrong", "in-his-doing-wrong", "to-do-wrong", "we-acted-perversely", "we-have-done-wrong"]·FR["[העוה]", "[העוינו]", "dans-son-faisant-tort", "et-nous-agit-perversely", "fit-tort", "je-ai-fait-tort", "le-faire-le-mal"]·heb["ב-העוות-ו", "ה-עווה", "העוה", "העווינו", "העוויתי", "העוינו", "ו-העווינו"]·HI["अधर्म-करने-में", "अधर्म-किया", "और-अधर्म-किया-हमने", "टेढ़ा-किया-हमने", "पाप-किया", "वह-कुटिलता-करे", "हमने-अन्याय-किया"]·ID["berbuat-jahat", "dan-kami-telah-berlaku-bengkok", "kami-berbuat-jahat", "kami-berbuat-salah", "ketika-ia-berbuat-salah"]·IT["[העוה]", "[העוינו]", "e-noi-agì-perversely", "fece-torto", "in-suo-facendo-torto", "io-avere-fatto-torto", "pervercerse"]·jav["dipun-kalepataken", "kawula-sampun-nindakaken-awon", "kula-sampun-tumindak-lepat", "lan-tumindak-awon", "nalika-nindakaken-piawon", "nindakaken-awon", "sampun-tumindak-awon"]·KO["그리고-악을-행하였나이다", "불의를-행하는-것을", "악을-행하였나이다", "에-그의-범함", "우리가-불의를-행했습니다", "잘못-행한-바", "잘못했다-나는"]·PT["Fazer-mal", "cometemos-iniquidade", "e-pervertemos", "em-seu-fazer-mal", "fiz-mal", "pecou", "pervertemos"]·RU["беззаконничали-мы", "и-извратились-мы", "извращаться", "когда-согрешит", "совершили-беззаконие", "согрешил", "содеял-зло"]·ES["cometimos-iniquidad", "cuando-haga-mal", "hice-perversamente", "hicimos-iniquidad", "hizo-perversamente", "pervertir", "y-actuamos-perversamente"]·SW["akikosa", "alifanya", "kufanya-uovu", "na-tumekosa", "nimekosa", "tumekosea"]·TR["kötülük-etmek", "kötülük-yaptım", "sapkınlık-ettik", "suç-işledik", "suç-işlediğinde", "ve-sapıttık", "yanlış-yaptı"]·urd["اور-بدکاری-کی", "اُس-کے-گناہ-کرنے-پر", "بُرائی-کی", "غلطی-کی", "گناہ-کرنا", "ہم-نے-بدی-کی", "ہم-نے-برائی-کی"]
2. commit iniquity (Qal) — The Qal basic sense of doing wrong or committing an offense. Esther 1:16 applies it to Queen Vashti's refusal -- 'she has wronged' the king and princes -- while Daniel 9:5 places it in the classic penitential triad alongside 'sinned' and 'acted wickedly.' Spanish 'ofendio' for Vashti's case captures the interpersonal offense, while 'cometimos iniquidad' in Daniel preserves the confessional weight. 2×
AR["أَسَاءَتْ", "وَ-أَثِمْنَا"]·ben["অন্যায়-করেছেন", "এবং-অন্যায়-করেছি"]·DE["[ועוינו]", "[עותה]"]·EN["and-done-iniquity", "wronged"]·FR["[עותה]", "et-pervertir"]·heb["ו-עווינו", "עותה"]·HI["अपराध-किया-है", "और-कुटिलता-की-हमने"]·ID["bersalah", "dan-berbuat-jahat"]·IT["[ועוינו]", "[עותה]"]·jav["lan-kawula-sampun-lepat", "lepat"]·KO["그리고-악행했으며", "범했다"]·PT["e-cometemos-iniquidade", "transgrediu"]·RU["и-виновны", "согрешила"]·ES["ofendió", "y-cometimos-iniquidad"]·SW["Vashti", "na-tumefanya-uovu"]·TR["haksızlık-etti", "ve-yanlış-yaptık"]·urd["اور-بدکاری-کی-ہم-نے", "غلطی-کی"]
3. be perverted (Nifal) — The Nifal participial sense of being in a state of perversion or moral crookedness. Attested solely in Saul's bitter outburst against Jonathan -- 'son of a perverse, rebellious woman' (1 Sam 20:30). French and Spanish both render 'perverse,' reflecting a settled condition of moral distortion rather than a discrete act of wrongdoing. 1×
AR["انْحِرَافِ"]·ben["বিকৃত"]·DE["perverse"]·EN["perverse"]·FR["perverse"]·heb["נעוות"]·HI["तेधि"]·ID["pemberontak"]·IT["perverse"]·jav["dhuraka"]·KO["사악한"]·PT["perversa-de"]·RU["развращённой"]·ES["perversa-de"]·SW["mpotovu"]·TR["sapkın"]·urd["ٹیڑھی"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [עָוָה] vb. denom. (Gerber90) commit iniquity, do wrong (Aramaic עוי commit sin, עֲוָיָא sin, cf. LevyNHWB iii. 626);— Qal (late) Pf. 3 fs. עָֽוְתָה Est 1:16 she hath done wrong (c. עַל); 1 pl. עָוִינוּ Dn 9:5 we have committed iniquity (‖ חָטָא). Hiph. commit iniquity;—Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱוָה 2 S 19:20; 1 s. הֶעֱוֵיתִי 24:17 (‖ חָטָא); 1 pl. הֶעֱוִינוּ 1 K 8:47 = 2 Ch 6:37, ψ 106:6 (all ‖ חָטָא); Inf. abs. הַעֲוֵה Je 9:4, cstr. sf. הַעֲוֹתוֹ 2 S 7:14.—Jb 33:27 v. עָוָה" dir="rtl" >I. עָוָה.