H5650 H5650
Siervo, servidor, súbdito; esclavo; título honorífico 'siervo de Dios' para patriarcas, profetas y reyes
El sustantivo hebreo עֶבֶד abarca un espectro social que va desde el cortesano real hasta el esclavo, y asciende hasta convertirse en uno de los títulos honoríficos más elevados de la Escritura. En su uso más frecuente (723 apariciones), designa a cualquier persona que sirve a otra: un asistente doméstico, un funcionario del rey, un oficial militar, o un hablante que emplea 'tu siervo' como pronombre cortés en primera persona. El sentido de servidumbre involuntaria (63 apariciones) se distingue en contextos legales como Éxodo 21 y Levítico 25. Notablemente, עֶבֶד se convierte en título divino: 'Mi siervo Moisés', 'Mi siervo David', 'Mi siervo Job', un honorífico que en los Cánticos del Siervo de Isaías (Is 42-53) adquiere peso mesiánico.
Sentidos
1. Siervo, servidor, súbdito — Un siervo, servidor, funcionario o súbdito: cualquier persona que sirve a otra en ámbito doméstico, cortesano, militar o político, incluida la autorreferencia deferencial 'tu siervo' significando 'yo/mí'. Este sentido abrumadoramente dominante (723 apariciones) abarca los siervos de Faraón (Gn 20:8; Éx 7:10), oficiales reales y la ubicua fórmula de cortesía. 723×
AR["عَبيدُهُ", "عَبيدِهِ", "عَبِيدَهُ", "عَبِيدِهِ"]·ben["তাঁর-দাসদের", "তাঁর-দাসেরা", "তার-দাসদের", "তার-দাসেরা", "দাসদের-তাঁর"]·DE["sein-Knechte", "seine-Knechte"]·EN["his-servants"]·FR["ses-serviteurs", "son-serviteurs"]·heb["עבד-ו", "עבדי-ו", "עבדיו"]·HI["अपने-दअसोन-से", "अपने-दस-को", "अपने-दासों", "अपने-दासों-का", "उसके-दासों", "उसके-दासों-का", "उसके-दासों-के", "उस्के-दअस", "उस्के-सेवकोन-के", "उस्के-सेवकोन-ने", "दास-उसके", "दासõ-उस्के-की", "दासों-उसके", "सेवकों-अपने", "सेवकों-उसके-की"]·ID["hamba-hamba-Nya", "hamba-hambanya", "para-hambanya"]·IT["suo-servi", "suoi-servi"]·jav["abdi-abdi-Panjenengané", "abdi-abdi-nipun", "abdi-abdinipun", "para-abdi", "para-abdinipun"]·KO["그의-신하들에게", "그의-신하들의", "그의-신하들이", "그의-종들", "그의-종들과", "그의-종들에게", "그의-종들을", "그의-종들의", "그의-종들이"]·PT["servos-dele", "servos-seus", "seus-servos"]·RU["рабами-Своими", "рабами-его", "рабов-Своих", "рабов-его", "рабов-своих", "рабы-его", "слуг-его", "слуг-своих", "слугам-своим", "слугами-его", "слуги-его"]·ES["siervos-suyos", "sus-siervos"]·SW["na-akasema", "wa-watumishi-wake", "watumishi-wake", "wote", "ya-watumishi-wake"]·TR["kulları", "kullarına", "kullarını", "kullarının"]·urd["اس-کے-نوکروں", "اُس-کے-نوکروں", "اپنے-بندوں", "اپنے-بندوں-کا", "اپنے-خادموں", "اپنے-غلاموں-کی", "اپنے-نوکروں", "خادم", "خادم-اس-کے", "خادموں-اس-کے", "خادموں-اس-کے-کی", "خادموں-اس-کے-کے", "خادموں-اُس-کے", "خادموں-اُس-کے-کے", "خادموں-اپنے"]
Gen 20:8, Exod 5:21, Exod 7:10, Exod 7:20, Exod 8:24, Exod 9:20, Exod 9:21, Exod 10:1, Exod 12:30, Deut 29:2, Deut 32:36, Deut 32:43 (+38 más)
2. Esclavo, siervo forzado — Un esclavo o siervo en servidumbre: persona poseída como propiedad, comprada con dinero, nacida en la casa o sometida a servicio involuntario bajo la ley bíblica. Con 63 apariciones, este sentido emerge en los códigos legales (Éx 21:2-6, la ley del esclavo hebreo; Lv 25:39-46) e inventarios económicos que enumeran esclavos junto al ganado (Gn 12:16; 24:35). 63×
AR["الْ-عُبُودِيَّةِ", "الْعَبِيدِ", "الْعُبودِيَّةِ", "الْعُبُودِيَّةِ", "عَابَادِيمَ", "عَبيداً", "عَبِيدًا", "لِـ-عَبِيدٍ"]·ben["এবং-আশের", "দাস-রূপে", "দাসত্বের", "দাসত্বের।", "দাসদের", "দাসদের-জন্য", "দাসেদের-জন্য", "দাসেরা"]·DE["Knechte", "Sklaven", "fuer-Knechte", "zu-Knechte", "zu-Knechten"]·EN["for-servants", "slaves"]·FR["esclaves", "pour-serviteurs", "serviteur", "serviteurs"]·heb["ל-עבד", "ל-עבדים", "עבדים"]·HI["दअस", "दासत्व", "दासत्व-के", "दासों", "दासों-के", "दासों-के-रूप-में", "दासों-के-लिए", "दासों-को"]·ID["budak-budak", "hamba-hamba", "menjadi-hamba", "perbudakan", "perhambaan", "sebagai-budak", "sebagai-hamba"]·IT["per-servi", "schiavi", "servi", "servo"]·jav["abdi", "abdi-abdi", "batur", "batur-tukon", "dados-abdi", "kabudakan", "kanggé-abdi-ipun", "kanggé-para-abdi", "kawula-kapal.", "perbudakan", "rencang-abdi", "rencang-abdi."]·KO["로-종들", "에-종들", "종들-로", "종들-의", "종들로-", "종들의"]·PT["escravidão", "escravos", "escravos,", "escravos.", "para-servos", "por-servos", "servidão", "servos"]·RU["для-рабов", "рабами", "рабов", "рабства"]·ES["esclavos", "para-siervos", "por-siervos", "siervos"]·SW["kama-watumishi", "utumwa", "watumishi", "watumwa", "ya-utumwa"]·TR["kullar", "kullar-olarak", "köleler-olarak", "kölelerin"]·urd["غلام", "غلاموں", "غلاموں-کے", "غلاموں-کے-طور-پر", "غلامی", "غلامی-کے"]
3. Siervo de Dios — El título honorífico 'siervo de Dios/del SEÑOR', aplicado a patriarcas, profetas y reyes distinguidos en relación pactal especial con YHWH. Solo 17 apariciones en esta formulación distintiva, pero cada una conlleva inmenso peso teológico: 'Mi siervo Abraham' (Gn 26:24), 'Mi siervo Moisés' (Nm 12:8), 'Mi siervo David' (2 S 3:18; 7:8). 17×
AR["عَبدي", "عَبْدِي", "عَلَى-عَبْدِي", "كَ-عَبْدِي", "كَعَبْدِي", "لِ-عَبْدِي", "لِعَبدي", "لِعَبْدِي", "وَ-عَبِيدِي", "وَ-عَبْدِي", "وَعَبْدِي"]·ben["-আমার-দাসের-বিরুদ্ধে", "-আমার-দাসের-মতো", "-এবং-আমার-দাসেরা", "-কাছে", "আমার-দাস", "আমার-দাসকে", "আমার-দাসের", "আর-আমার-দাস", "এবং-আমার-দাস", "ও-দাসদের-আমার", "মতো-আমার-দাস"]·DE["Knechte-von", "My-Knecht", "gegen-mein-Knecht", "meines-Knechtes", "und-Knechte-von", "und-mein-Knecht", "und-mein-Knechte", "wie-Knechte-von", "wie-My-Knecht", "zu-Knechte-von", "zu-mein-Knecht"]·EN["My-servant", "against-my-servant", "and-My-servant", "and-My-servants", "and-my-servant", "and-my-servants", "as-My-servant", "like-My-servant", "servant-my", "to-my-servant"]·FR["Mon-serviteur", "comme-Mon-serviteur", "comme-mon-serviteur-moi", "contre-mon-serviteur", "et-mon-serviteur", "et-mon-serviteurs", "mon-serviteur", "pour-mon-serviteur", "serviteur", "serviteur-mon", "à-mon-serviteur"]·heb["ב-עבדי", "ו-עבד-י", "ו-עבדי", "כ-עבדי", "ל-עבד-י", "ל-עבדי", "עבד-י", "עבדי"]·HI["और-दास", "और-दास-मेरा", "और-दास-मेरे", "और-मेरा-सेवक", "और-मेरे-दास", "जैसा-सेवक-मेरे", "जैसे-मेरे-दास", "दास-अपने-को", "मेरे", "मेरे-दास-के", "मेरे-दास-के-विरुद्ध", "मेरे-दास-से", "सेवक-मेरे"]·ID["dan-hamba-Ku", "dan-hamba-hamba-Ku", "dan-hamba-hambaku", "hamba-Ku", "kepada-hamba-Ku", "seperti-hamba-Ku", "terhadap-hamba-Ku", "tetapi-hamba-Ku"]·IT["My-servo", "a-mio-servo", "a-servi-di", "come-My-servo", "come-servo-mio", "contro-mio-servo", "e-il-mio-servo", "e-mio-servi", "e-mio-servo", "e-servi-di", "il-mio-servo", "servo", "servo-mio"]·jav["Nanging-abdi-Ku", "abdi-Kawula", "abdi-Ku", "dhateng-abdi-Ingsun", "dhateng-abdi-Kawula", "dhateng-abdi-Ku", "dhateng-abdi-Kula", "kados-abdi-Ku", "kadosdéné-abdi-Kawula", "lan-abdi-Ingsun", "lan-abdi-Kawula", "lan-abdi-Kula", "lan-para-abdi-kula", "nglawan-abdi-Kawula"]·KO["그리고-나의-종", "그리고-나의-종들이", "그리고-내-종", "그리고-내-종들이", "그리고-종-나의인", "나-의-종-처럼", "나의-종", "나의-종의", "에-나의-종처럼", "에-종-나-의", "에게-나의-종", "종-나의-에게", "종에게-나의"]·PT["E-servo-meu", "a-meu-servo", "a-servo-meu", "como-meu-servo", "contra-servo-Meu", "e-meus-servos", "e-servo-meu", "e-servos-meus", "servo-meu"]·RU["и-раб-Мой", "и-рабы-Мои", "и-рабы-мои", "как-раб-Мой", "против-раба-Моего", "раба-Моего", "рабу-Моему"]·ES["Pero-mi-siervo", "Y-mi-siervo", "a-mi-siervo", "a-siervo-mío", "como-mi-siervo", "contra-mi-siervo", "mi-siervo", "siervo-mío", "y-mi-siervo", "y-mis-siervos"]·SW["Lakini-mtumishi-wangu", "Na-mtumishi-wangu", "kama-mtumishi-wangu", "kuhusu-mtumishi-wangu", "kwa-mtumishi-wangu", "mtumishi-wangu", "na-mtumishi-wangu", "na-watumishi-wangu", "pamoja-na"]·TR["-de-kuluma-karşı", "gibi-kulum", "kulum", "kulum-gibi", "kuluma", "kuluma-", "ve-kullarim", "ve-kullarım", "ve-kulum"]·urd["اور-بندہ-میرا", "اور-میرا-بندہ", "اور-میرا-خادم", "اور-میرے-بندے", "اور-نوکر-میرے", "اپنے-بندے", "بندے-اپنے-کو", "بندے-میرے-کے", "جیسے-میرے-بندے", "سے-بندے-اپنے-", "میرے-بندے", "میرے-بندے-سے", "میرے-بندے-کے", "میرے-خادم-کے-خلاف"]
Gen 26:24, Num 12:8, Num 14:24, 2 Sam 3:18, 2 Sam 7:8, 1 Kgs 5:6, 1 Kgs 14:8, 1 Chr 17:7, Job 42:7, Job 42:8, Isa 37:35, Isa 43:10 (+5 más)
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)G1519 2. purpose: for, in order to (561×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
I. עֶ֫בֶד799 n.m. slave, servant (on format. LagBN 77);—ע׳ Gn 9:25 +, עָ֑בֶד 44:10 +; sf. עַבְדִּי 26:24 +; עַבְדְּךָ 19:19 +; עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ 18:3 +; pl. עֲבָדִים 9:25 +, עַבְדֵי 21:25 +; sf. עֲבָדַי Lv 25:42 +, עַבְדֵיכֶם Jos 9:11 +, etc.;— 1. slave, servant of household Gn 39:17, 19; 41:12; 50:2; Ex 21:2 +; man-servant, ‖ אמה Ex 20:10 Lv 25:6; Dt 5:14; Jb 31:13 +; ‖ שׁפחה Gn 12:16; 32:6; Je 34:11;…