סוּר H5493
To turn aside, remove, depart, or deviate; spanning physical diversion, removal, departure, moral deviation, and passive being removed
Sur describes motion that departs from an expected path — whether a traveler turning off the road, a king removing idols, or a heart turning from God. The Qal stem captures self-initiated movement (turning aside, departing), while the Hifil adds causative force (removing objects, purging evil). Its moral register transforms literal path-deviation into a powerful metaphor for apostasy and faithfulness. From Moses turning aside at the burning bush (Exod 3:3-4) to the prophetic indictment of those who 'turn aside' from the commandments, sur maps the geography of obedience and rebellion.
Senses
1. remove, take away (Hifil) — Hifil causative: to remove or take away an object, person, or structure from its place. Arabic azala 'to remove' and Korean je-geo-hada 'to take away' mark active, transitive removal. The most frequent sense (106x), covering everything from Noah removing the ark's covering (Gen 8:13) to plagues being removed (Exod 8:8) to the systematic dismantling of idolatrous installations. 106×
AR["أبعَدَ","أَزَالَ","أَزَالَهَا","نَحَّى","وَ-أزالَ","وَ-أَزَالَ","وَأَزالَ","وَأَزَالَ","يَنْزِعُهَا"]·ben["অপসারণ-করলেন","আর-অপসারণ-করলেন","এবং-দূর-করলেন","এবং-সরাল","এবং-সরালেন","এবং-সরিয়ে-দিল","ও-দূর-করলেন","ও-সরিয়ে-দিলেন","দূর-করলেন","দূর-করেছেন","সরাক","সরিয়ে-দিয়েছিলেন","সরিয়ে-দিলেন","সে-সরাবে"]·DE["er-soll-entfernen-es","removed","und-entfernte","und-er-removed","und-removed","und-weichen"]·EN["and-he-removed","and-removed","he-shall-remove-it","removed"]·FR["et-il-ôta","et-se-détourner","et-ôta","il-devra-ôter-cela","ôta"]·heb["הסיר","ו-הסיר","ו-יסר","יסירנה"]·HI["और-उसने-हटाया","और-हटाई","और-हटाया","और-हताया","निकाले-उसे","वह-निकाले","हटा-दिया","हटाया","हतय"]·ID["Dan-ia-menyingkirkan","Dan-menyingkirkan","dan-dia-menyingkirkan","dan-membuka","dan-mengambil","dan-menyingkirkan","ia-akan-menanggalkannya","menghapuskan","menyingkirkan"]·IT["e-allontanarsi","e-egli-tolse","e-tolse","egli-dovra-rimuovere-esso","tolse"]·jav["Lan-mbucal","Lan-mbucali","Lan-nyingkiraken","dipun-singkiraken","lan-mbikak","lan-mundhut","lan-nyingkiraken","lan-nyèngèkaken","lan-piyambakipun-nyingkiraken","mbucal","ngilangi","nyingkiraken","piyambakipun-nyingkiraken"]·KO["그-가-제거하라","그리고-그가-제거했다","그리고-떼다","그리고-제거하였다","그리고-제거했다","그리고-치웠다","떼어내라-그것을","물리치셨다","제거한","제거했다","치웠다"]·PT["E-removeu","a-removerá","e-removeu","removerá-a","removeu"]·RU["и-снял","и-убрал","и-удалил","отделит-его","отделит-её","убрал","удалил"]·ES["Y-quitó","quitará-la","quitó","y-quitó"]·SW["Hezekia-aliondoa","Yahwe-aliwaondoa","alikuwa-ameondoa","aliondoa","aliziondoa","ataondoa","atauondoa","na-akaondoa"]·TR["Ve-kaldırdı","kaldırdı","uzaklaştırdı","ve-kaldirdi","ve-kaldırdı","çıkaracak-onu"]·urd["اتارے","الگ-کرے","اور-نکالا","اور-ہٹا-دیا","اور-ہٹایا","نکالا","ہٹا-دیا","ہٹایا"]
Gen 8:13, Exod 8:8, Exod 10:17, Exod 23:25, Exod 33:23, Lev 3:4, Lev 3:9, Lev 3:10, Lev 3:15, Lev 4:9, Lev 4:31, Lev 4:35 (+38 more)
2. turn aside, go aside (Qal) — Qal: to turn aside physically from a path or road, to turn in to visit. Arabic inhaarafa 'to deviate' and Korean dolda 'to turn' confirm spatial redirection. Paradigmatic in Moses turning aside to see the bush (Exod 3:4) and Israel turning aside from the way (Exod 32:8; Deut 9:12). Also covers hospitality scenes where a traveler 'turns in' to someone's home. 80×
AR["ابتَعَدَ","حَادَ","فَ-مَالُوا","وَ-انْعَطَفَ","وَ-مَالَ","يَحِد","يَحِدْ"]·ben["এবং-ঘুরল","এবং-ঘুরলেন","এবং-তিনি-ঘুরলেন","এবং-বাঁকল","সরলেন","সরে-গেছেন","সরে-গেল","সরে-গেলেন","সরে-দাঁড়াল"]·DE["er-wandte","er-wandte-weg","und-er-wandte-aside","und-wandte-aside","und-wich","wandte-weg"]·EN["and-he-turned-aside","and-turned-aside","he-turned","he-turned-away","turned-away"]·FR["et-il-tourna-aside","et-tourna-aside","il-se-tourna","il-se-tourna-au-loin","se-tourna-au-loin"]·heb["ו-סר","ו-סרו","סר"]·HI["और-मुड़ा","और-वे-मुड़े","मुड़ा","सर","हटा","हत-गय"]·ID["-menyimpang","Dan-menyimpang","berpaling","dan-menyimpang","dan-menyingkirlah","dan-singgahlah-ia","ia-menyimpang","menyimpang","menyingkir"]·IT["e-deviò","e-egli-volse-aside","e-volse-aside","egli-si-voltò","egli-si-voltò-via","si-voltò-via"]·jav["Lan-nyimpang","kesah","lan-menyimpang","lan-mlebet","lan-mlèbèt","lan-nyimpang","mènggak","nilar","nyimpang","piyambakipun-késah","piyambakipun-ménggok"]·KO["그가-떠났다","그리고-그가-돌아왔다","그리고-돌아갔다","그리고-돌이켰다","그리고-들어갔다","돌아서다","떠나셨다","떠나지-않았다","떠났다","치우치다"]·PT["E-desviaram-se","afastou-se","apartou-se","desviou","e-desviaram-se","e-desviou","e-desviou-se","e-virou","se-afastou"]·RU["-отступил","И-свернули","и-свернул","и-свернули","отступал","отступил","сворачивал","уклонялся"]·ES["Y-se-apartaron","se-apartó","y-entró","y-se-apartaron","y-se-apartó","y-se-desvió"]·SW["Na-wakageuka","aligeuka","ameondoka","geuka","kuondoka","na-akageuka","na-akaingia","na-wakageuka","ondoka"]·TR["Ve-döndüler","ayrildi","ayrıldı","döndü","saptı","ve-döndü","ve-döndüler"]·urd["اور-مُڑا","اور-مُڑے-اُنہوں-نے","مڑا","ہٹ-گیا","ہٹا"]
Exod 3:4, Exod 32:8, Deut 9:12, Deut 11:16, Deut 11:28, Deut 17:11, Deut 28:14, Judg 4:18, Judg 4:18, Judg 4:18, Judg 14:8, Judg 18:3 (+38 more)
3. depart, leave (Qal) — Qal: to depart from a place or person, to leave or go away. Arabic rahala 'to depart' and Korean teonada 'to leave' mark departure rather than deviation. Covers Jacob's prophecy that the scepter shall not depart from Judah (Gen 49:10), plagues departing from Egypt (Exod 8:11, 29), and leprosy departing from the afflicted (Lev 13:58; Num 12:10). 66×
AR["ابْتَعِدُوا","ابْتَعِدُوا-","ابْتَعِدْ","الاِبْتِعادُ","زَالَتْ","يَبْتَعِدَ","يَزُولُ"]·ben["চলে-যাও","চলে-যাও-","দূর-হও","দূরে-সরা","দূরে-সরে","সরল","সরানো-হল","সরে-যাও","সরে-যাবে","সরো"]·DE["sie-departed","weichen","weicht","weicht-ab","wich-ab","wird-weichen"]·EN["Depart","depart","he-may-turn-away","is-to-turn-away","they-departed","turn-away","turning-away","will-turn-away"]·FR["ils-partit","partir","s'écarter","s’écarter","ôter"]·heb["יסור","סור","סורו","סרו"]·HI["दूर-हट","दूर-हो","हट-जाओ","हटना","हटीं","हटे","हटेगा","हटो"]·ID["-dihapus","Menyingkirlah","Pergilah","akan-beranjak","akan-menyingkir","dihilangkan","menjauhi","menyingkir","menyingkirlah","pergilah","untuk-menjauhi"]·IT["allontanarsi","allontanatevi","essi-partì","partire","si-allontano'"]·jav["Mundura","Mundura-","Sumingkira","badhe-kesah","badhé-ical","badhé-oncat","kaicali","késaha","mugi-kesah","mundura","nyingkiri","piyambakipun-sami-nyingkir","sumingkira"]·KO["떠나기","떠나느니라","떠나는-것-은","떠나라","떠나리라","떠남이니라","없어지지","첝산되지-않았다","철거되지-않았다"]·PT["Afastai-vos","Afastai-vos!","Apartai-vos","afasta-te","afastai-vos","afastar-se-á","afastaram-se","apartai-vos","apartar-se-á","desviar","foram-removidos","retirar-se-á","se-desvie"]·RU["Отступите-","Прочь","были-удалены","отойди","отойдёт","отступите","прочь","сойдёт","удалитесь","уйдите","уклонение","уклоняться"]·ES["Apartaos","Apártate","apartaos","apartarse","fueron-quitados","se-apartará","será-quitada","¡Apartaos!"]·SW["Ondokeni","haita","itaondoka","kuepuka","kugeuka","kuondolewa","mtu-anageuka","ni-kugeuka","ondoka","ondokeni","ondokeni-","ondolewa","utaondoka"]·TR["Cekilin","ayrılacak","cekilin","dönmek","gidecek","kaldirilacak","kaldırıldı","uzak-durmak","uzak-durulur","uzaklaş","uzaklaşın","uzaklaşın-","Çekilin","çekilin"]·urd["دور-ہو","دور-ہو-جاؤ","دُور رہ","مُڑنا","مُڑنا-ہے","مُڑے","ہٹائی-گئیں","ہٹائیں","ہٹو","ہٹے-گا"]
Gen 49:10, Exod 8:11, Exod 8:29, Lev 13:58, Num 12:10, Num 14:9, Num 16:26, 1 Sam 15:32, 1 Sam 16:14, 1 Sam 18:12, 2 Sam 2:21, 2 Sam 2:23 (+38 more)
4. put away, purge (Hifil) — Hifil: to put away morally or ritually — removing idols, evil, or garments. Arabic azala with abstract objects and Korean beosda 'to take off (clothing)' confirm the extended removal sense. Central to covenant renewal: Jacob commanding 'put away the foreign gods' (Gen 35:2), Tamar removing her widow's garments (Gen 38:14, 19), and deuteronomistic reform passages (Deut 7:4). 27×
AR["أَزِلْ","أَزِيلُوا","أَزِيلِي","أُبْعِدُ","فَ-نَزَعَ","مَنْ-يُحَوِّلُ","هَاسِيرُوا","وَ-أَزِيلُوا","وَ-خَلَعَتْ","وَ-لِ-تُزِيلَ","وَ-نَزَعَ","وِ-هَسِير","يَرُدَّ","يُزِيلُ"]·ben["অপসারণ-কর","আমি-সরিয়ে-দিই","আর-খুললেন-তিনি","আর-সরাল","এবং-অপসারণ-কর","এবং-দূর-কর","ও-খুলল","ও-খুললেন","ও-সরাতে","দূর-কর","দূর-করো","দূরে-রাখ","যে-সরিয়ে-নেয়","সরাও","সরিয়ে-নেননি","সে-সরিয়ে-দেবে"]·DE["entfernen","er-wird-wenden-aside","legte-weg","remove","und-legte-ab","und-nahm-ab","und-weichen","und-wich","weichen","wich","wich-ab"]·EN["I-put-away","and-he-removed","and-remove","and-removed","and-to-remove","has-turned-away","he-will-turn-aside","one-who-turns-away","put-away","remove","turn-away"]·FR["enlever","et-il-ôta","et-se-détourner","et-s’écarter","et-ôta","et-ôter","il-fera-tourner-aside","le-s'écarter","mit-au-loin","s'écarter","se-détourner","s’écarter","ôte","ôter"]·heb["אסיר","הסיר","הסירו","הסירי","הסר","ו-הסירו","ו-הסר","ו-יסר","ו-ל-הסיר","ו-תסר","יסיר","מסיר"]·HI["और-उतारने-के-लिए","और-उतारी","और-हटा","और-हटाओ","तब-उतारी","तो-उतारी","दूर-कर","दूर-करो","मोड़ेगा","हटा","हटाई","हटाऊँगा","हटाओ","हटाने-वाला"]·ID["Buanglah","Dan-ia-menanggalkan","Dan-jauhkanlah","Dan-menanggalkanlah","Jauhkanlah","Siapa-memalingkan","Singkirkanlah","aku-menyingkirkan","dan-ia-menanggalkan","dan-jauhkanlah","dan-menanggalkan","dan-untuk-menyingkirkan","dia-akan-memalingkan","jauhkanlah","menolak","singkirkanlah"]·IT["allontanare","allontanarsi","e-allontanarsi","e-egli-tolse","e-tolse","egli-fara-volgere-aside","mise-via","rimuovere","si-allontano'","togli"]·jav["Lan-mbucal","Lan-nucél","Lan-nyopot","Singkiraken","badhé-ngedohaken","bucalaken","bucali","kula-kesampingaken","lan-icalna","lan-kanggé-nyingkiraken","lan-nyopot","lan-singkirna","nyingkiraken","nyingkirna","sami-nilarakenna","singkiraken","singkirna","tiyang-kang-nyingkiraken"]·KO["거두라","그리고-벗었다","그리고-제거하기-위해","그리고-제거하라","그리고-제거했다","돌리는-자는","돌이키리라","물리쳤도다","버리지","제거하라","제하라","치우라","치워라"]·PT["Afastador-de","E-remove","E-removeu","E-tirou","Remove","Removei","afasta","afastai","afasto","desviará","e-para-remover","e-removei","e-removeu","rejeitou","removei"]·RU["И-снял","И-сняла","И-удали","Удали","и-снял","и-сняла","и-снять","и-уберите","отверг","отвратит","отвращающий","уберите","удали","удалите","удаляй","удаляю"]·ES["El-que-aparta","Quita","Quitad","Y-quitó","aparta","apartará","apartaré","apartó","quita","quitad","y-para-quitar","y-quita","y-quitad","y-quitó"]·SW["Na-uondoe","anayegeuza","atamgeuza","gunia-lake","hakuondoa","na-akavua","na-ondoeni","ningeondoa","ondoa","ondoeni"]·TR["Ve-çıkardı","bırakın","döndürür","kaldır","kaldırın","reddetti","uzaklaştır","uzaklaştırırım","ve-kaldırın","ve-uzaklastir","ve-çıkardı","ve-çıkarmak-için-","çeviren"]·urd["اور-اتارنا","اور-اتاری","اور-اتارے","اور-ہٹا","اور-ہٹاؤ","اُتار-دو","دور-رکھ","دور-کر","دور-کرو","میں-ہٹاتا","نکال-دو","پھیرنے-والا","ہٹا","ہٹا-دے-گا","ہٹاؤ","ہٹایا"]
Gen 35:2, Gen 38:14, Gen 38:19, Gen 41:42, Deut 7:4, Josh 24:14, Josh 24:23, 1 Sam 1:14, 1 Sam 7:3, Esth 3:10, Esth 4:4, Esth 8:2 (+15 more)
5. turn aside morally (Qal) — Qal: to turn aside morally from God's commandments, or from evil — spiritual deviation. Arabic dalla 'to go astray' and Korean beoseonada 'to deviate' mark the metaphorical register. Participial forms describe character: Job 'turning away from evil' (Job 1:1) and the persistent deuteronomistic refrain that high places 'were not removed' (1 Kgs 15:14; 22:43; 2 Chr 15:17). 13×
AR["تُنزَع","تُنزَعُ","تُنْزَعْ","حِدْ","وَ-ذَاهِبٌ","وَ-زائِغَةُ","وَ-يَبْتَعِدُ","وَيَحيدُ"]·ben["অপসারিত-হল","অপসারিত-হলো","এবং-দূরে-সরে","এবং-ফিরে-যাচ্ছে","এবং-যে-বিমুখ-হয়","এবং-সরে-যাওয়া","তারা-সরবে","সরিয়ে-গেল","সরে-গিয়েছিল","সরে-যাও"]·DE["sie-soll-sein-entfernte","und-wendend-aside","und-wich","waren-removed","weichen","wich-ab"]·EN["and-turning-aside","and-turning-away","and-turns-away","but-lacking","departed","they-shall-be-removed","turn","were-removed"]·FR["et-tournant-de-côté","et-ôter","furent-ôta","ils---être-ôta","s'écarter","se-détourner"]·heb["ו-סר","ו-סרת","יסורו","סור","סרו"]·HI["और-जअत","और-दूर-रहनेवाला","और-हटता-है","और-हटी-हुई","निकालें","हट","हटे"]·ID["dan-dekat","dan-menjauhi","disingkirkan","mereka dikeluarkan","tetapi-menyimpang"]·IT["allontanarsi","e-allontanarsi","e-voltandosi-da-parte","erano-tolse","essi-shall-essere-tolse","si-allontano'"]·jav["Mugi-ngoncati","dipunicali","dipunsingkiraken","kasingkiraken","lan-nyimpang-saking","lan-nyingkiri","lan-tumuju","sami-dipun-singkiraken","tiyang-punika-badhé-dipuncabut"]·KO["그것들이-떠나다","그것들이-제거되지","그리고-떠난","그리고-떠난다","그리고-복종하는","그리고-피하는","떠나라","제거되었다"]·PT["Aparta-te","afastar-se-ão","e-afastando-se","e-desvia","e-que-se-desvia-de","e-tendo-acesso","foram-removidos"]·RU["а-отступившая-от","будут-отходить","и-удаляющийся","и-уклоняется","удалены","удалили","уклоняйся","устранены"]·ES["Apártate","fueron-quitados","se-quitarán","y-apartada-de","y-apartado","y-que-se-aparta","y-se-aparta"]·SW["Geuka","asiye-na","itaondolewa","na-alijiepusha","na-anageuka","na-anajiepusha","na-anasikia","ondolewa","viliondolewa","yaliondolewa"]·TR["Uzaklaş","ayrılacaklar","kaldırıldı","kaldırıldılar","ve-ayrılan","ve-döner","ve-giren","ve-uzaklaşan"]·urd["اور-بے","اور-دور-رہنے-والا","اور-سرتاج","اور-ہٹتا-ہے","دُور-ہو","نکالی-جائیں","ہٹ","ہٹائی-گئیں","ہٹائے-گئے","ہٹیں"]
Exod 25:15, 1 Sam 22:14, 1 Kgs 15:14, 1 Kgs 22:43, 2 Chr 15:17, 2 Chr 20:33, Job 1:1, Job 1:8, Job 2:3, Ps 34:14, Ps 37:27, Prov 11:22 (+1 more)
6. be removed (Hophal) — Hophal passive: to be removed by an external agent. Arabic uzila (passive) confirms the passive transformation. Rare (4x), appearing in sacrificial law where fat 'is removed' (Lev 4:31, 35), Isaiah's oracle that Damascus 'shall be removed from being a city' (Isa 17:1), and Daniel's eschatological removal of the daily sacrifice (Dan 12:11). 4×
AR["إِزَالَةِ","مَنْزُوعَةٌ","نُزِعَ","يُنْزَعُ"]·ben["অপসারিত-হবে","তোলা-হয়","দূর-করা-হল"]·DE["Zucht","ist-entfernte","war-entfernte","weichen"]·EN["is-removed","was-removed"]·FR["correction","est-ôta","se-détourner","était-ôta"]·heb["הוסר","יוסר","מוסר"]·HI["निकाली-जाती","हटाया-गया","हटाया-जा-रहा-है"]·ID["dihapuskan","ditanggalkan"]·IT["allontanare","allontanarsi","e-rimosse","fu-rimosse"]·jav["dipun-singkiraken","dipunilangi"]·KO["그것-이-제거된다","제거되어","제거되었느니라"]·PT["foi-removida","sendo-removida","ser-removido","é-removida"]·RU["отделяется","отделён","удаления","удаляется"]·ES["fue-quitada","quitada","se-quita","ser-quitado"]·SW["imeondolewa","inavyoondolewa","wa-kuondolewa"]·TR["kaldirilmis","kaldırıldığı","çıkarılır"]·urd["الگ-کی-جاتی","ہٹائی-جائے-گی","ہٹایا-جاتا-ہے"]
7. one removed, rebel (nominal) — Nominal or adjectival: a removed one, a rebel, a deviant — the substantivized participle describing a person who has turned aside. Arabic mutamarrid 'rebel' and the Jeremiah passage calling certain figures sarei 'rebels' (Jer 6:28) confirm this as a character designation rather than an action. Also in 1 Sam 21:7 and Isa 49:21. 3×
AR["الْمُرْفَعُ","عُتَاةُ","وَ-مَطْرُودَةٌ"]·ben["এবং-বিতাড়িত","চরম","যা-সরানো-হয়েছিল"]·DE["der-removed","und-weichen","weichen"]·EN["and-put-aside","rebels-of","the-removed"]·FR["et-s’écarter","le-ôta","s’écarter"]·heb["ה-מוסרים","ו-סורה","סורי"]·HI["और-हटाई-गई","प्रमुख","हतयि-गयेए"]·ID["dan-disingkirkan","pemberontak","yang-diangkat"]·IT["allontanarsi","e-allontanarsi","il-tolse"]·jav["ingkang-kasingkiraken","lan-kasingkir","para-mbangkang"]·KO["그리고-버림받고","돌아선-자들이다","치워진"]·PT["e-afastada","os-removidos","rebeldes-de"]·RU["и-удалённая","убираемый","упорнейшие"]·ES["los-quitados","principales-de","y-apartada"]·SW["na-kutengwa","waasi","zilizochukuliwa"]·TR["alınan","döneklerin","ve-kovulmus"]·urd["اور-خارج","اُٹھائی-گئی","سرکش"]
8. sense 8 — A rare usage in Lam 3:11 where the sense appears to be 'to lead astray' or 'to make deviate from the path.' Spanish ha desviado and English 'he led astray' suggest a causative deviation that overlaps with but remains distinct from the Hifil removal sense, carrying a more sinister connotation of being pulled off course by an external force. 1×
AR["حَيَّدَ"]·ben["সরিয়ে-দিয়ে"]·DE["wich"]·EN["He-led-astray"]·FR["s’écarter"]·heb["סורר"]·HI["भटका-दिया"]·ID["Ia-menyimpangkan"]·IT["allontanarsi"]·jav["Panjenengan-nyimpangaken"]·KO["그-가-켜놓았네"]·PT["desviou"]·RU["отклонил"]·ES["ha-desviado"]·SW["amezipotosha"]·TR["saptırdı"]·urd["بھٹکا-دیا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
סוּר and (Ho 9:12) [שׂוּר]300 vb. turn aside (NH Hiph. cause to turn aside, or apostatize; TelAm. sûru, n. rebel WklGloss.);— Qal161 Pf. 3 ms. סָר Ex 3:4 +; 3 fs. סָ֫רָה 1 S 16:14 +; 1 s. סָ֑רְתִּי ψ 119:102; 3 pl. סָרוּ Dt 9:12 +; 2 mpl. סַרְתֶּם v 16 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָסוּר Gn 49:10 +, וַיָּ֫סַר Ju 4:18 +; 3 fs. תָּסוּר 1 S 6:3 +; 1 s. cohort. אָסֻ֫רָה Ex 3:3; 3 mpl. יָסֻ֫רוּ Ex 25:15 +,…