H5383 H5383
To lend money or goods; as participle, a creditor or usurer; in Hifil, to extend a loan or exact a debt
This verb governs the economic world of lending, borrowing, and debt collection in ancient Israel. In its Qal stem it simply means 'to lend,' as in Jeremiah 15:10 where the prophet protests he has neither lent nor borrowed. The participle becomes a substantive noun meaning 'creditor' — the figure behind the widow's cry in 2 Kings 4:1 and the social inversion of Isaiah 24:2. Spanish consistently renders this 'acreedor' (creditor), while English alternates between 'creditor' and 'lender.' The Torah's concern with just lending (Exod 22:25, Deut 15:2) makes this word a window into biblical economic ethics.
1. to lend (Qal) — The basic Qal verbal sense of lending money or goods to another person, typically constructed with the preposition bêt for the person receiving the loan. Jeremiah 15:10 pairs active and passive ('I have not lent, nor have they lent to me') to express total social innocence. Spanish 'prestamos/prestas' and English 'lent/lending' confirm straightforward loan-making. 5×
AR["أُقْرِضْ","اِقْتَرَضُوا-","مُقْرِضونَ","مُقْرِضٌ"]·ben["ঋণ-দিয়েছি","ঋণ-নিয়েছে-","নিচ্ছ","নিচ্ছিলাম","পাওনাদার"]·DE["Frauen","[נשו]","[נשיתי]","sind-lending"]·EN["I-lent","are-lending","lending","they-lent-"]·FR["[נשו]","[נשים]","[נשיתי]","sont-lending"]·heb["נושה","נשו","נשים","נשיתי"]·HI["उधार-दिया-","उधार-दिया-मैंने","उधार-दे-रहे-हैं","उधार-देने-वाला","लिया-है"]·ID["aku-meminjamkan","memberikan-pinjaman","meminjamkan","memungut","mereka-meminjam-"]·IT["[נשו]","[נשים]","[נשיתי]","sono-lending"]·jav["kula-nyambut","nyambut","nyilih-dhateng","sami-nyambut-"]·KO["그들이-빌려주지","내가-빌려주지","빌려주고-있는","빌려주고-있다","빌려주는"]·PT["cobrando","emprestando","emprestas","emprestei","me-emprestaram;"]·RU["берущие-в-долг","брали-в-долг-","давал-в-долг","дающие-в-долг","даёшь-в-долг"]·ES["me-prestaron","prestamos","prestas","prestáis","presté"]·SW["mnakopesha","nimekopesha","tunakopesha","unamkopesha","wamenikopesha-"]·TR["borç-verdiler-","borç-verdim","borç-veriyorsun","faiz-alıyorsunuz","ödünç-veriyoruz"]·urd["دیا-اُنہوں-نے-قرض-","سود-لے-رہے-ہو","قرض-خواہ","قرض-دے-رہے-ہیں","لیا-میں-نے-قرض"]
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
2. creditor, one who holds debt — The Qal participle used as a substantive: the creditor, the one who holds the debt. This figure appears as legally empowered and sometimes threatening — the creditor who comes to take a widow's sons as slaves (2 Kgs 4:1), or as a social category in Isaiah 24:2 where creditor and debtor alike face judgment. Spanish 'acreedor' and English 'creditor' are consistent across all five occurrences. 5×
AR["الدَّائِن","كَ-مُقرِضٍ","كَالدَّائِنِ","مِنْ-دَائِنِيَّ","وَالدَّائِنُ"]·ben["-আমার-পাওনাদারদের-মধ্যে","এবং-পাওনাদার","পাওনাদার","যেমন-পাওনাদার","সুদখোরের-মতো"]·DE["[כנשה]","[מנושי]","ein-creditor","und-der-creditor","wie-ein-creditor"]·EN["a-creditor","and-the-creditor","as-a-creditor","as-the-creditor","of-My-creditors"]·FR["[כנשה]","[מנושי]","comme-un-creditor","créancier","et-le-creditor"]·heb["ו-ה-נושה","כ-נושה","מ-נושי","נושה"]·HI["और-लेनदार","जैसे-महाजन","ब्याज-वसूलने-वाले-की-तरह","महाजन","मेरे-लेनदारों-में-से"]·ID["dan-penagih-utang","dari-penagih-hutang-Ku","penagih-utang","seperti-penagih","seperti-penagih utang"]·IT["[כנשה]","[מנושי]","[נושה]","come-un-creditor","e-il-creditor"]·jav["Lan-tiyang-ingkang-nagih","ing-antawis-tiyang-ingkang-ngutangi-Ingsun","kados-ingkang-narik-bunga","kados-tiyang-ingkang-nagih;","tiyang-ingkang-nyambut"]·KO["그리고-채권자-가","나의-채권자들-중에","채권자-가","채권자-같이"]·PT["como-credor","como-o-credor","e-o-credor","meus-credores","o-credor"]·RU["заимодавец","и-заимодавец","из-заимодавцев-Моих","как-заимодавец","как-заимодавцу"]·ES["Y-el-acreedor","como-acreedor","como-el-acreedor","de-mis-acreedores","el-acreedor"]·SW["kama-mdaiwa","kama-mkopeshaji","kati-ya-wanaodai","mdai","na-mdai"]·TR["alacakli-gibi","alacaklilarimdna","alacaklı","alacaklı-gibi","ve-alacakli"]·urd["اور-قرض-خواہ","سود-لینے-والے-کی-طرح","قرض-خواہ","قرض-خواہ-جیسے","میرے-قرض-خواہوں-میں-سے"]
3. to lend (Hifil causative) — The Hifil causative stem, meaning to cause lending or to extend a loan, found in Deuteronomy's lending regulations. In Deut 15:2 every creditor 'shall release' what he has caused to be lent, and in 24:10 instructions govern how one should behave 'when you lend' to a neighbor. Spanish 'prestes/prestó' and English 'lends/lend' carry the active grant-of-credit nuance. 2×
AR["أَقْرَضَ","تُقْرِضُ"]·ben["ধার-দাও","সে-ধার-দিয়েছে"]·DE["du-leihen","er-lends"]·EN["he-lends","you-lend"]·FR["il-lends","tu-prêter"]·heb["ישה","תשה"]·HI["उधार-देगा","उधार-देता-है"]·ID["dipinjamkan","engkau-meminjamkan"]·IT["egli-lends","tu-prestare"]·jav["panjenengan-silih","sampun-nyambut"]·KO["빌려주면","빌려주었느니라"]·PT["emprestar","emprestares"]·RU["дашь-в-долг","ссудил"]·ES["prestes","prestó"]·SW["alidai","utakopesha"]·TR["borç-verecek","borç-verirsen"]·urd["قرض-دیا-ہے","قرض-دے"]
4. to exact, press for debt — A single occurrence in Nehemiah 5:7 where the sense shades toward exacting or pressing for debt repayment — Nehemiah rebukes the nobles for oppressively demanding payment from their fellow Jews. Spanish 'cargáis' (you burden/charge) captures the coercive, extractive quality that distinguishes this from neutral lending. 1×
AR["مُقْرِضونَ"]·ben["নিচ্ছ"]·DE["[[[נשיםנשאים]]נשים]"]·EN["exacting"]·FR["[נשיםנשאיםנשים]"]·heb["[[נשיםנשאים]]נשים"]·HI["ले-रहे-हो"]·ID["membebankan"]·IT["[נשיםנשאיםנשים]"]·jav["nyuwun-renten"]·KO["취하고-있다"]·PT["cobrando"]·RU["берущие"]·ES["cargáis"]·SW["mnatoza"]·TR["alıyorsunuz"]·urd["سود-لے-رہے-ہو"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. נָשָׁה vb. lend, become a creditor (cf. I. נשׁא);— Qal Pf. 1 s. נָשִׁ֫יתִי Je 15:10; 3 pl. נָשׁוּ v 10; Pt. נֹשֶׁה Ex 22:24 + 4 times; pl. נֹשִׁים Ne 5:10, 11 + v 7 Qr (Kt נֹשְׁאִים, v. I. נשׁא), sf. נוֹשַׁי Is 50:1;—lend, usually c. ב pers.: לֹא־נָשִׁיתִי וְלֹא־נָשׁוּ־בִי Je 15:10 I have not lent, and they have not lent to me, Dt 24:11 Ne 5:7 (Qr; + acc. cogn.), v 10, 11 (both + acc. rei);…