H4498 H4498
Refuge, place of escape; flight, the act of fleeing
The noun מָנוֹס (manos), from the root נוּס ('to flee'), holds two organically connected meanings: the destination one flees to and the act of fleeing itself. In most of its eight occurrences it designates a refuge or place of safety — supremely applied to God as 'my refuge' in David's psalm of deliverance (2 Sam 22:3) and Jeremiah's confession (Jer 16:19). When refuge is 'perished' or 'lost,' the word conveys despair: 'their escape has perished from them' (Amos 2:14, Job 11:20). In two passages (Jer 46:5, Amos 2:14), the concrete act of running away — flight itself — comes to the fore, as armies flee and find no escape.
Senses
1. refuge, place of safety — A refuge, shelter, or place of escape — the destination to which one flees for safety and protection. Applied to God himself as the ultimate refuge in 2 Samuel 22:3 ('my refuge,' paralleling 'my stronghold'), Psalm 59:17, and Jeremiah 16:19 ('my refuge in the day of trouble,' paralleling 'my strength' and 'my fortress'). Arabic مَلْجَأ ('asylum, refuge') and Hindi शरण (sharan, 'shelter') confirm the locative-protective sense. When preceded by אָבַד ('to perish'), it expresses the utter despair of having no safe haven: Job 11:20 and Psalm 142:5 declare that 'refuge has perished' from the wicked or from the psalmist's persecutors. 6×
AR["الْمَلْجَأُ", "مَلْجَأٌ", "وَ-مَلاذًا", "وَ-مَلْجَأِي", "وَالمَلْجَأُ", "وَمَنَاصِي"]·ben["আর-আমার-আশ্রয়", "আশ্রয়", "এবং-আমার-আশ্রয়", "এবং-আশ্রয়", "ও-আশ্রয়"]·DE["Zuflucht", "[ומנוס]", "[ומנוסי]", "[מנוס]", "und-ein-Zuflucht", "und-mein-refuge"]·EN["and-a-refuge", "and-my-refuge", "and-refuge", "refuge"]·FR["[ומנוסי]", "[מנוס]", "de-fuir", "et-de-fuir", "et-mon-refuge", "et-ומנוס"]·heb["ו-מנוס", "ו-מנוס-י", "ו-מנוסי", "מנוס"]·HI["और-मेरी-शरण", "और-शरण", "शरण"]·ID["dan-tempat-pelarian", "dan-tempat-pelarianku", "dan-tempat-perlindungan-ku", "tempat-perlindungan"]·IT["[ומנוסי]", "[מנוס]", "e-e-refuge", "e-mio-rifugio", "e-rifugio", "rifugio"]·jav["lan-pangungsèn", "lan-pangungsèn-Kawula", "lan-papan-lari-kula", "pangeyupan", "pangungsi"]·KO["그리고-나의-피난처", "그리고-내-피난처이시여", "그리고-도망-이", "그리고-피난-처-가", "도망이", "피난처-가"]·PT["e-meu-refúgio", "e-refúgio", "refúgio"]·RU["и-убежище", "и-убежище-моё", "и-убежищем", "убежище"]·ES["refugio", "y-refugio", "y-refugio-mi", "y-refugio-mío"]·SW["kimbilio", "na-kimbilio", "na-kimbilio-langu", "na-makimbilio-yangu"]·TR["kaçış", "sığınak", "ve-sığınak", "ve-sığınağım"]·urd["اور-میری-پناہ", "اور-پناہ", "وَ-پناہ", "پناہ"]
2. flight, fleeing — Flight, the act or process of fleeing — referring to the physical action of running away rather than the place of safety. In Jeremiah 46:5 the Egyptian warriors are routed and 'flight has perished from them' (אָבַד מָנוֹס מִנֶּהֶם), and Amos 2:14 announces that 'flight shall fail the swift.' English 'flight' (not 'refuge'), Arabic هَرَب (harab, 'fleeing'), and Spanish 'huida' all confirm the kinetic, action-oriented sense distinct from the static place-of-safety meaning. Jeremiah 25:35 similarly uses it of shepherds who find no avenue of escape. 2×
AR["المَلْجَأُ", "وَهَرَبًا"]·ben["আশ্রয়", "এবং-পলায়নে"]·DE["[ומנוס]", "von-floh"]·EN["and-flight", "flight"]·FR["[ומנוס]", "refuge"]·heb["ו-מנוס", "מנוֹס"]·HI["और-भागते-हुए", "भागना"]·ID["dan-melarikan-diri", "tempat-pelarian"]·IT["[ומנוס]", "[מנוס]"]·jav["lan-ngungsi", "pangungsen"]·KO["그리고-도망을", "도망이"]·PT["e-fuga", "refúgio"]·RU["и-бегством", "убежище"]·ES["refugio", "y-huida"]·SW["na-kukimbia", "njia-ya-kukimbia"]·TR["sığınak", "ve-kaçış"]·urd["اور-فرار", "پناہ"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† מָנוֹס n.m. Am 2:14 1. flight. 2. place of escape, refuge;—abs. מ׳ Am 2:14 + 5 times; sf. מְנוּסִי 2 S 22:3 Je 16:19;— 1. flight, acc. cogn. c. נוּס Je 46:5. 2. (place of) escape; אָבַד מ׳ מִן escape perished from, = there was no escape for, Am 2:14 Je 25:35 Jb 11:20 ψ 142:5; of י׳ as a refuge 2 S 22:3 (‖ משׂגב; מנוס וגו׳ not ‖ ψ 18:3; text disputed, Kit Bu retain in Sm, Klo Bae Löhr Du ins. in ψ; ψ 59:17 (‖ id.); Je 16:19 (‖ עז, מעוז).