In Ezekiel 9:9, Jerusalem is described as filled with this term—a city saturated with moral distortion. The word derives from the Hiphil of נטה (to stretch, turn aside), suggesting something bent out of its proper shape. Ancient versions debated whether to translate it as 'perversion' or 'perverseness,' but the context of Ezekiel's vision of judgment makes clear that the city's moral fabric has been twisted beyond recognition. The French translator left it untranslated, perhaps sensing the difficulty of capturing the full semantic force of judicial and moral corruption combined.