1. wormwood (bitter plant) — The bitter plant wormwood (Artemisia), used both literally and figuratively for bitterness in Scripture. All four clusters represent the same noun with different prepositional and conjunctive prefixes (bare noun, with-lamed 'to/into', with-kaph 'like'). Multilingual evidence confirms unity: Arabic consistently uses 'afsantin/shih (عَلْقَم / أَفْسَنْتين / شِيح), Spanish 'ajenjo' throughout, Hindi 'nagdauna' (नागदौना) across all clusters, Korean uses variants of ssun (쓴), and Swahili 'uchungu/mchungu' (bitterness). These are purely grammatical variants of one lexical sense. 8×
AR["أَفْسَنْتِينَ","إلى-أَفْسَنْتينِ","إلى-الأَفْسَنْتينِ","الأَفْسَنْتِينَ","عَلْقَمًا","كَالشِّيحِ","وَعَلْقَمًا"]·ben["-এর-মতো-কড়া","এবং-তিক্ততা","কুফুল","কুফুলে","তিক্ত-শাক","তিক্ততায়","তেতোপানীয়"]·DE["Wermut","[לענה]","und-wormwood","zu-antwortete"]·EN["and-wormwood","into-wormwood","like-wormwood","to-wormwood","with-wormwood","wormwood"]·FR["absinthe","et-wormwood","כלענה"]·heb["ו-לענה","כ-לענה","ל-לענה","לענה"]·HI["और-कड़वाहट।","नागदौन-की-तरह","नागदौना","नागदौना-से","में-नागदौना","में-नागदौना।"]·ID["dan-ipuh","dengan-ipuh","ipuh","menjadi-ipuh","seperti-empedu"]·IT["assenzio","come-il-like-wormwood","e-wormwood","in-assenzio"]·jav["dhumateng-pait","kados-bratawali","kanthi-wisa","lan-pait","pakis","pakèl","wisa"]·KO["그리고-쓴풀을","로-쓴","쓴솟-같이","쓴쌓을","쓴으로","쓴을","쓴쟐-과","쓴쟐-으로"]·PT["absinto","como-absinto","de-absinto","e-absinto","em-losna","losna"]·RU["в-полынь","и-полынь","как-полынь,","полынь","полынью"]·ES["ajenjo","como-el-ajenjo","de-ajenjo","en-ajenjo","y-ajenjo"]·SW["kama-shayiri","kuwa-uchungu","mchungu","na-uchungu","uchungu"]·TR["acı-ot","gibi-pelin","pelin","pelin-otuna","peşin-otuna","ve-pelin"]·urd["افسنتین","افسنتین-جیسے","افسنتین-میں","اور-کڑواہٹ","ناگدونا","ناگدونا-سے"]
Senses
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† לַעֲנָה n.f. wormwood (NH id.; Arabic لَعْنٌ is curse (vb. لَعَنَ id.), so Nab. לענת (vb. לען) cf. CookGloss.);—only fig. of bitter things:—of perverted justice, Am 5:7; 6:12 (‖ רֹאשׁ); of result of idolatry, Dt 29:17 (‖ id.); of י׳’s chastisement Je 9:14 (‖ מֵי־רֹאשׁ), 23:15 (‖ id.), La 3:15 (‖ מְרוֹרִים), v 19 (‖ רֹאשׁ); sim. of bitter (מָרָה) result of intercourse with strange woman Pr…