H3708b H3708b
vexation, grief, anger (dialectical variant of כעס, found only in Job)
This noun, a dialectical variation of the more common ka'as, appears exclusively in Job's poetry to describe emotional distress—whether human vexation and grief, or divine anger. The term captures the irritation, frustration, and indignation that suffering produces, as Job pleads for God to understand his 'vexation' and anguish. It can describe both the inward grief of the afflicted and the outward anger of God against sin.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The term appears four times in Job describing vexation and anger. Eliphaz warns that 'vexation kills the fool' (Job 5:2, parallel to envy/jealousy). Job laments, 'Oh that my vexation were weighed' alongside his calamity (Job 6:2). Job accuses God: 'You renew your anger against me' literally 'your vexation with me' (Job 10:17). An aged counselor notes that 'vexation' is unbecoming in the aged (Job 17:7, parallel to dimness of eye). Spanish indignación/aflicción/ira and French chagrin track the emotional distress across Romance languages, while German leaves the Hebrew forms in brackets, recognizing this rare lexical variant. 4×
AR["الغَضَبُ", "غَضَبَكَ", "كَرْبي", "مِنَ-الْغَيْظِ"]·ben["-দুঃখ-থেকে", "আপনার-ক্রোধ", "আমার-যন্ত্রণা", "রাগ"]·DE["[כעש]", "[כעשי]", "[כעשך]", "[מכעש]"]·EN["Your-anger", "from-grief", "my-vexation", "vexation"]·FR["chagrin", "de-chagrin", "mon-chagrin-moi", "ton-chagrin-toi"]·heb["כעס", "כעסי", "כעסך", "מ-כעס"]·HI["अपना-क्रोध", "क्रोध", "दुख-से", "मेरा-क्रोध"]·ID["karena-kesedihan", "kemarahan", "kemarahan-Mu", "kemarahanku"]·IT["Your-anger-tuo", "da-da-grief", "my-vexation-mio", "vexation"]·jav["bebendu-Panjenengan", "duka", "kasusahan-kawula", "saking-duka"]·KO["나의-근심-이", "당신의-노여움-을", "분노가", "분노에서"]·PT["de-ira", "ira", "minha-aflição", "tua-ira"]·RU["гнев", "гнев-Твой", "горе-моё", "от-скорби"]·ES["la-ira", "mi-aflicción", "por-indignación", "tu-furor"]·SW["hasira", "hasira-yako", "kero-yangu", "kwa-huzuni"]·TR["kederten", "kızgınlık", "öfkem", "öfkeni"]·urd["اپنا-غضب", "غصہ", "غم-سے", "میرا-غم"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כַּ֫עַשׂ n.m. (dialectic variation of כַּעַס, only in Jb);—כ׳ Jb 17:7, כָּ֑עָשׂ Jb 5:2; sf. כַּעְשִׂי Jb 6:2; כַּעַשְׂךָ Jb 10:17;— 1. vexation, grief of men Jb 5:2 (cf. Pr 12:16; 27:3), 6:2; 17:7. 2. vexation, anger, of God; c. כַּעַשְׂךָ עִמָּדִי Jb 10:17 thine anger with me.