H3536 H3536
kiln, furnace (for burning lime or pottery)
This noun designates a kiln or furnace used for firing pottery or burning lime. The smoke rising from such a kiln serves as a vivid simile in biblical descriptions—the smoke of Sodom and Gomorrah ascended 'like the smoke of a kiln,' and Mount Sinai smoked 'like the smoke of a furnace' when God descended upon it. The ashes of a kiln also feature in the plague narrative, where Moses scattered them toward heaven to produce boils on the Egyptians.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The term appears exclusively in vivid comparisons and plague accounts. Abraham saw the smoke of the destroyed cities rising 'like smoke of a kiln' (Gen 19:28, J). Moses and Aaron took 'ashes of a kiln' and scattered them to produce the plague of boils (Exod 9:8, 10, P). Mount Sinai 'smoked like a furnace' when Yahweh descended in fire (Exod 19:18, E). Spanish horno and French furnace preserve the basic kiln/furnace sense, while German der Schmelzofen (smelting furnace) specifies one kiln function. The consistent association with rising smoke creates the metaphoric link across all biblical uses. 4×
AR["الأَتُّونِ", "الْأَتُونِ"]·ben["-চুল্লির", "চুল্লির"]·DE["der-furnace", "eines-Schmelzofens", "furnace"]·EN["furnace", "the-furnace"]·FR["furnace", "le-furnace"]·heb["ה-כבשן", "כבשן"]·HI["भट्टी-का", "भट्ठी-की", "भत्ति-क"]·ID["dapur", "dapur-pelebur", "dapur-peleburan-itu"]·IT["furnace", "il-furnace"]·jav["pawon", "pawon-limasan", "tungku"]·KO["가마의", "그-화덜의", "용광로의", "화덜의"]·PT["a-fornalha", "forno", "o-forno"]·RU["печи", "печного", "печной"]·ES["el-horno", "horno"]·SW["tanuri", "ya-tanuri"]·TR["-fırının", "fırının"]·urd["بھٹی-کا", "بھٹی-کی"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כִּבְשָׁן n.m. kiln, for lime or pottery (so Ki, AW; MishnKel viii. 9; √ and original meaning dub.; according to Thes as subduing, reducing its contents, cf. igne ferrum domatur PlinNat. Hist. 36. 27)—always abs.; only in קִיטוֹר הַכּ׳ Gn 19:28 (J; sim. of smoke of כִּכָּר, Sodom and Gom.); עֶשֶׁן הַכּ׳ Ex 19:18 (E; sim. of smoke fo Sinai); פִּיחַ כ׳ ashes of kiln Ex 9:8, cf. v 10 (both P).