H2964 H2964
Prey seized by a predator; food or provision; a fresh leaf or foliage
In the mouth of the lion, this noun carries the raw violence of the hunt: torn flesh, seized prey, the spoil dragged back to the den. Genesis 49:9 and Nahum 2:13 wield it as a figure for conquest and plunder. Yet the same word softens into everyday sustenance when Proverbs 31:15 pictures the capable woman rising to secure food for her household, and Psalm 111:5 celebrates God as the one who gives provision to those who fear him. A single occurrence in Ezekiel 17:9 extends the root's tearing motion to plucked leaves, fresh foliage torn from a vine.
1. prey, torn flesh — Prey torn by a predator, especially a lion, and by extension the violent spoil or plunder taken by conquerors. The multilingual evidence is consistent: Spanish presa, French proie, German Raub all converge on the imagery of seized flesh. Jacob blesses Judah as a lion crouching over prey (Gen 49:9), and Nahum indicts Nineveh as a city of prey (Nah 3:1). 19×
AR["الْفَرِيسَةِ","فَريسَةً","فَريسَةٍ","فَرِيسَةً","فَرِيسَةٌ","فَرِيسَةٍ","فَرِيسَتَكِ","فَرِيسَتِهِ","لِ-الصَّيْدِ","لِلفَريسَة","مِنَ-الفَرِيسَةِ","وَ-فَريسَةٌ"]·ben["এবং-শিকার","তার-শিকারের","তোমার-শিকার","শিকার","শিকার-থেকে","শিকার-দিয়ে-","শিকারের-জন্য"]·DE["Raub","[טרף]","[טרפו]","für-prey","prey","und-Raub","vom-Raub","wie-prey"]·EN["and-prey","as-prey","for-prey","from-prey","its-prey","prey","with-prey","your-prey"]·FR["[טרף]","[טרפו]","de-proie","et-proie","prey","proie","à-proie"]·heb["ו-טרף","טרף","טרפו","טרפך","ל-טרף","מ-טרף"]·HI["और-शिकार","तेरे-शिकार-को","तेरेफ","शिकार","शिकार-अपने","शिकार-के-लिए","शिकार-को","शिकार-से","से-शिकार"]·ID["dan-mangsa","dari-mangsa","mangsa","mangsa.","mangsamu,","mangsanya","untuk-mangsa"]·IT["al-per-prey","da-prey","e-preda","preda","prey"]·jav["cecepengan","dados-memangsan","kanggé-mangsan","kanggé-mangsanipun","lan-boten-wonten","mangsa","mangsan","memangsan","rampasan","rampasanipun","rampokan","saking-mangsan"]·KO["그-먹이","그리고-먹이가","너의-먹이-를","먹이","먹이-가","먹이-로","먹이-를","먹이-를-위하여","먹이를","에서-먹이"]·PT["a-presa","a-tua-presa","de-presa","e-presa","pela-presa","por-presa","presa","presa;","presa?","sua-presa"]·RU["а-добычи","для-добычи","добыча","добычей","добычей-своей","добычи","добычу","добычу-твою","как-волки","на-добычу","от-добычи","рыкающий"]·ES["de-presa","la-presa","por-la-presa;","por-presa","presa","presa-tuya","su-presa","y-presa"]·SW["kutoka-mti","kwa-mawindo","mawindo","mawindo-yake","mawindo-yako","na-mawindo","windo"]·TR["av","av-için","avdan","avinin","avı","avın","avını-senin","ve-av"]·urd["اور-شکار","تیرا-شکار","شکار","شکار-اپنے","شکار-سے","شکار-کے","شکار-کے-لیے"]
Gen 49:9, Num 23:24, Job 4:11, Job 24:5, Job 29:17, Job 38:39, Ps 76:4, Ps 104:21, Ps 124:6, Isa 5:29, Isa 31:4, Ezek 19:3 (+7 more)
▼ 2 more senses below
Senses
2. food, provision — Food or provision in a domesticated, non-violent sense, extending the idea of what sustains life from hunted prey to general nourishment. Psalm 111:5 pairs it with covenant faithfulness, Proverbs 31:15 with the diligent household manager, and Malachi 3:10 with the storehouse of blessing. Spanish alimento and German Speise confirm the shift from predation to provision. 3×
AR["طَعاماً","طَعامًا","طَعَامٌ"]·ben["খাদ্য","খাবার"]·DE["Raub","Speise"]·EN["food"]·FR["proie"]·heb["טרף"]·HI["भोजन"]·ID["makanan"]·IT["food","preda"]·jav["Tèdha","dhaharan","tedha"]·KO["먹이","양식-을","음식을"]·PT["Alimento","comida","mantimento"]·RU["Пищу","пища","пищу"]·ES["Alimento","alimento"]·SW["chakula"]·TR["yiyecek","yiyeceği"]·urd["خوراک"]
3. leaf, fresh foliage — A fresh leaf or green foliage, attested once in Ezekiel 17:9 where the construct plural describes leaves plucked from a transplanted vine. The semantic link to the root idea of tearing or plucking is still visible, though the referent has moved from animal flesh to plant life. 1×
AR["أَوْرَاقِ"]·ben["কোমল-পাতা"]·DE["[טרפי]"]·EN["leaves-of"]·FR["proie"]·heb["טרפי"]·HI["पत्ते"]·ID["daun-daun-segar"]·IT["preda"]·jav["ron-ron"]·KO["읾들이-"]·PT["folhas-de-"]·RU["листья-"]·ES["hojas-de"]·SW["yote-ya"]·TR["yaprakları"]·urd["تازہ-پتے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† טֶ֫רֶף n.m. Na 3:1 prey, food; leaf;—טֶרֶף Gn 49:9 +; טָ֑רֶף Jb 4:11 +; sf. טַרְפֵּךְ Na 2:14; טַרְפּוֹ Is 31:4; pl. cstr. טַרְפֵּי Ez 17:9;— 1. prey of lion Am 3:4 Jb 4:11; 38:39 ψ 104:21; metaph. of Judah’s conquests Gn 49:9, Israel like lion Nu 23:24 (both poems in JE); of Assyrians Is 5:29; of Nineveh and its king Na 2:13, 14; 3:1; Israel’s princes (as young lion) Ez 19:3, 6; sim. of false…