H2859b H2859b
To form a marriage alliance or become a son-in-law; intermarry with another family, clan, or nation (Hitpael denominative of חתן).
A Hitpael denominative verb built on the root for 'son-in-law,' carrying two distinct relational senses. In one usage it describes a man making himself a daughter's husband, entering a specific household through marriage -- as when David became Saul's son-in-law (1 Sam 18:21-27). In the other, it broadens to mean forging a marriage alliance between groups: intermarrying with foreign nations, as forbidden in Deuteronomy 7:3 and lamented in Ezra 9:14. Spanish 'emparentar' and French 'allier par mariage' capture the political-relational overtone well.
Senses
1. to ally by marriage, to intermarry — To form a marriage alliance or intermarry between families, clans, or nations -- a social-political act rather than a personal betrothal. The multilingual glosses emphasize the alliance dimension: Spanish 'emparentar' (to become kin) and the English 'allied-by-marriage' point to the relational pact between groups. Used in contexts of forbidden intermarriage (Deut 7:3; Josh 23:12; Ezra 9:14) and political unions like Solomon with Pharaoh (1 Kgs 3:1) and Jehoshaphat with Ahab's house (2 Chr 18:1). 6×
AR["تَتَصَاهَرْ", "وَ-تَصاهَرُوا", "وَ-تَصَاهَرْتُمْ", "وَ-لِ-نُصاهِرَ", "وَصَاهَرَ"]·ben["আর-বিবাহ-করতে", "আর-বিবাহ-সম্বন্ধ-কর", "আর-বিবাহ-সম্বন্ধ-করল", "এবং-বিবাহ-করবে", "এবং-বিবাহ-সম্বন্ধ-করলেন", "তুমি-বিবাহ-বন্ধনে-আবদ্ধ-হবে"]·DE["[ויתחתן]", "[ולהתחתן]", "du-soll-intermarry", "und-du-intermarry", "und-er-allied-bei-marriage", "und-verschwägert-euch"]·EN["and-he-allied-by-marriage", "and-intermarry", "and-to-intermarry", "and-you-intermarry", "you-shall-intermarry"]·FR["[ויתחתן]", "[ולהתחתן]", "et-il-allied-par-marriage", "et-intermarry", "et-tu-intermarry", "tu-devra-intermarry"]·heb["ו-התחתן", "ו-התחתנו", "ו-התחתנתם", "ו-יתחתן", "ו-ל-התחתן", "תתחתן"]·HI["और-विवाह-करें", "और-विवाह-सम्बन्ध-किया", "और-वैवाहिक-संबंध-बनाओ", "और-वैवाहिक-सम्बन्ध-करोगे", "और-सम्बन्ध-बनाया", "विवाह-करेगा"]·ID["Dan-kawinlah-dengan-mertua", "dan-berikatan-perkawinan", "dan-ia-menjalin-kekeluargaan", "dan-kamu-kawin-campur", "dan-untuk-berbesanan", "engkau-kawin-campur"]·IT["[ויתחתן]", "[ולהתחתן]", "e-egli-allied-da-marriage", "e-intermarry", "e-tu-intermarry", "tu-dovra-intermarry"]·jav["Lan-besanan", "lan-bebesanan", "lan-besanan", "lan-dados-besanan", "lan-kangge-ningkah", "panjenengan-krèmi"]·KO["그리고-로-혼인하다", "그리고-사돈맺었다", "그리고-사돈이-되었다", "그리고-혼인하라", "그리고-혼인하리라", "혼인하라"]·PT["E-fez-parentesco", "casarás", "e-aliou-se-por-casamento", "e-aparentai", "e-para-nos-aliar-por-casamento", "e-vos-casardes"]·RU["И-роднитесь", "и-породнился", "и-породнитесь", "и-породняться", "и-роднился-с", "роднись"]·ES["emparentarás", "y-a-emparentar", "y-emparenten", "y-os-emparentáis", "y-se-emparentó"]·SW["Na-akafanya-uhusiano", "na-akaoa-ndugu", "na-kuoana", "na-kuofana", "usioane"]·TR["Ve-evlenin", "evleneceksin", "ve-akrabalık-kurdu", "ve-evlendirdi", "ve-evlenirseniz", "ve-evlenmek-icin"]·urd["اور-رشتہ-جوڑیں", "اور-رشتہ-داری-کی", "اور-رشتہداری-کرو", "اور-شادی-کرو-گے", "رشتہ-جوڑ"]
2. to become a son-in-law — To make oneself a son-in-law -- entering a specific family by marrying the daughter. All five occurrences cluster in 1 Samuel 18:21-27, where David is invited and then strives to become Saul's son-in-law. The Spanish 'ser yerno' and French 'devenir gendre' confirm the personal, household-level meaning. The Hitpael reflexive force is vivid here: David actively makes himself into a son-in-law, underscoring personal initiative in entering the kinship bond. 5×
AR["التَّصَاهُرُ", "تَتَصَاهَرُ", "تَصَاهَرْ", "لِـ-يَتَصَاهَرَ"]·ben["জামাতা-হও", "জামাতা-হওয়া", "জামাতা-হতে", "তুমি-জামাতা-হবে"]·DE["become-Sohn-in-Gesetz", "du-soll-become-Sohn-in-Gesetz", "zu-become-Sohn-in-Gesetz"]·EN["become-son-in-law", "to-become-son-in-law", "you-shall-become-son-in-law"]·FR["deviens-fils-dans-loi", "tu-devra-deviens-fils-dans-loi", "à-deviens-fils-dans-loi"]·heb["התחתן", "ל-התחתן", "תתחתן"]·HI["दमअद-बन", "दमअद-बनन", "दमअद-बनेग"]·ID["jadilah-menantu", "kamu-akan-menjadi-menantu", "untuk-menjadi-menantu"]·IT["a-diventare-figlio-in-legge", "diventare-figlio-in-legge", "tu-dovrà-diventare-figlio-in-legge"]·jav["dados-mantu", "kanggé-dados-mantu"]·KO["사위가-되기를-", "사위가-되는것이", "사위가-되라", "사위가-되리라"]·PT["para-tornar-se-genro", "te-tornarás-genro", "torna-te-genro", "tornar-se-genro"]·RU["породнись", "породниться", "породнишься", "чтобы-породниться"]·ES["para-ser-yerno", "ser-yerno", "serás-yerno", "sé-yerno"]·SW["kuwa-mkwe", "utakuwa-mkwe-wangu"]·TR["damat-ol", "damat-olacaksın", "damat-olmak", "damat-olmak-için"]·urd["بن-جا-داماد", "بننا-داماد", "بننے-کو-داماد", "تُو-ہو-جائے-گا-داماد"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)H5971a 1. people, nation (1836×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H5973a 1. accompaniment, together with (956×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)H0854 1. with (accompaniment) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [חתן] vb.denom. only Hithp. make oneself a daughter’s husband (NH Hithp. id., Aramaic Ithpa. id.)—Pf. 2 mpl. וְהִתְחַתַּנְתֶּם consec. Jos 23:12; Impf. וַיִּתְחַתֵּן 1 K 3:1 2 Ch 18:1; 2 m. תִּתְחַתֵּן Dt 7:3 1 S 18:21; Imv. הִתְחַתֵּן 1 S 18:22, הִתְחַתְּנוּ Gn 34:9; Inf. הִתְחַתֵּן 1 S 18:23 + 3 times;— 1. make oneself daughter’s husband (son-in-law) to, c. בְּ 1 S 18:21, 22, 23, 26, 27;…