H2602 H2602
with frost (or: with some destructive agent)
This extremely rare word appears only in Psalm 78:47, where God's plagues against Egypt are recounted. The context speaks of destroying vines with hail and sycamore trees with this mysterious agent. Ancient versions suggest 'frost,' but the meaning remains conjectural. BDB notes the form is unusual and the etymology uncertain, though the prepositional prefix (ב) indicates it was an instrument of destruction parallel to hail.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Psalm 78:47 places this word in parallel with 'hail' as instruments of agricultural devastation. The Greek and Latin versions read 'frost,' and modern translations follow suit (English 'with-frost,' Spanish 'con-escarcha,' German 'mit-frost'). French offers 'charançon' (weevil), reflecting uncertainty. The poetic context suggests a natural force used by God in judgment, though the exact identity remains debated among lexicographers. 1×
AR["بِالصَّقِيعِ"]·ben["তুষারে"]·DE["mit-frost"]·EN["with-frost"]·FR["dans-charançon"]·heb["ב-חנמל"]·HI["पाले-से"]·ID["dengan-hawa-beku"]·IT["[בחנמל]"]·jav["mawi-es-ageng"]·KO["서리-로"]·PT["com-geada"]·RU["инеем"]·ES["con-escarcha"]·SW["kwa-theluji"]·TR["kırağıyla"]·urd["بِ-کڑی-ٹھنڈ"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [חֲנָמֵל] n.[m.] only בַּחֲנָמַ֑ל ψ 78:47 (on form v. DrSm p. 98) as instr. of destroying sycomores (‖ בָּרָד); meaning conject.; 𝔊 𝔙 frost.