חָמֵשׁ, H2568
Cinco; numeral cardinal, también en compuestos quince y decimoquinto, y con valor ordinal para 'quinto'.
El numeral hebreo חָמֵשׁ aparece 345 veces a lo largo del Antiguo Testamento, cumpliendo una función que va mucho más allá de un simple número. Forma el compuesto 'quince' (חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה) y participa en expresiones ordinales para 'quinto' y 'decimoquinto' — sobre todo en fórmulas de datación para festividades y visiones proféticas. La visión inaugural de Ezequiel se fecha 'en el quinto día del mes' (Ez 1:1-2), mientras que Levítico 23:6 sitúa la Fiesta de los Panes sin Levadura 'el día quince'. Los cognados recorren toda la familia semítica — arameo חֲמֵשׁ, árabe خَمْسٌ, etiópico ኀምስ — dando testimonio de su profunda antigüedad.
1. cardinal: cinco — El numeral cardinal 'cinco' usado de forma independiente o en estado constructo para denotar la cantidad cinco. Con 309 ocurrencias es el uso primario, desde las genealogías de Génesis 5 ('Enós vivió cinco años', Gn 5:6) hasta las medidas del tabernáculo y del templo. Todas las lenguas meta lo traducen uniformemente — español 'cinco', francés 'cinq', alemán 'fünf' — confirmando una equivalencia numérica inequívoca. 309×
AR["خَمسَ", "خَمسَةَ", "خَمسُ", "خَمْسًا", "خَمْسٍ", "خَمْسَ", "خَمْسَةً", "خَمْسَةَ", "خَمْسُ", "خَمْسِ"]·ben["পাঁচ", "পাঁচটি"]·DE["fuenf", "fünf", "von-fünf"]·EN["five"]·FR["cinq"]·heb["חמישה", "חמש"]·HI["पनच", "पाँच", "पानच"]·ID["Lima", "lima"]·IT["cinque"]·jav["Gangsal", "gangsal", "gangsal-atus", "tigang-dasa"]·KO["다섯", "다섯의", "다섯이"]·PT["Cinco", "cinco", "quinhentos"]·RU["Пять", "в-пять", "пятерых", "пяти", "пять"]·ES["Cinco", "cinco"]·SW["kwa-mitano", "mia-tano-za", "miaka-mia-mbili-na-mitano", "miaka-mitano", "miaka-sabini-na-mitano", "miaka-sitini-na-mitano", "miaka-thelathini-na-mitano", "miaka-tisini-na-mitano", "mkono", "tano", "watano", "ya-nchi"]·TR["beş"]·urd["پانچ"]
Gen 5:6, Gen 5:11, Gen 5:15, Gen 5:17, Gen 5:21, Gen 5:23, Gen 5:30, Gen 5:32, Gen 11:11, Gen 11:12, Gen 11:32, Gen 12:4 (+38 más)
▼ 3 sentido(s) más abajo
Sentidos
2. compuesto: quince — El numeral 'cinco' como componente del número compuesto quince (חֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה, 'cinco-y-diez'). Con 22 ocurrencias, esta formación es propia de los numerales compuestos hebreos. Figura destacadamente en medidas: 'las aguas prevalecieron quince codos hacia arriba' (Gn 7:20) y en las dimensiones de las cortinas del tabernáculo (Éx 27:14-15). 22×
AR["الْخَامِسَةَ", "بِخَمسَةَ", "خَمسَ", "خَمسَةَ", "خَمْسَ", "خَمْسَ-", "خَمْسَةَ", "فِي-خَمْسَةَ", "وَ-خَمسَ", "وَ-خَمْسَةَ"]·ben["-পনেরো", "এবং-পনেরো", "পঁয়তাল্লিশ", "পনের", "পনেরো", "পনেরো-"]·DE["auf-fuenf-von", "fuenf", "fuenfzehn", "fünf", "und-fuenfzehn"]·EN["and-fifteen", "fifteen", "five", "five-", "for-fifteen", "on-five-of"]·FR["cinq", "dans-cinq", "et-quinze", "quinze", "sur-cinq-de"]·heb["ב-ה-בחמשה", "ב-חמישה", "ו-חמש", "ו-חמשת", "חמישה", "חמש", "חמש-", "חמשה"]·HI["और-पंद्रह", "खमेश", "पंद्रह", "पंद्रह-", "पंद्रहवें", "पन्द्रह", "पन्द्रहवाँ", "में-पन्द्रह"]·ID["Dan-lima", "Lima", "Pada-lima-belas", "dan-lima-belas", "dengan-lima-belas", "lima", "lima-belas", "pada-lima-belas"]·IT["cinque", "e-fifteen", "e-quindici", "fifteen", "quindici", "su-cinque-di"]·jav["Lan-gangsal-welas", "gangsal", "gangsal-welas", "gangsal-welas-", "ing-gangsal-welas", "ing-kaping-limolas", "kaping-gangsal-welas", "lan-gangsal-welas", "limolas"]·KO["그리고-열다섯", "다섯", "십", "에-열다섯", "열다섯", "열다섯-"]·PT["E-quinze", "Em-quinze", "Quinze", "cinco", "e-quinze", "em-quinze", "por-quinze", "quinze", "quinze-"]·RU["И-пятнадцать", "в-пятнадцатый", "за-пятнадцать", "и-пятнадцать", "пятнадцатый", "пятнадцать", "пятнадцать-", "пять"]·ES["En-el-quince", "Quince", "Y-quince", "cinco", "en-el-quince", "por-quince", "quince", "quince-", "y-quince"]·SW["Katika-kumi-na-", "Kwa-dhiraa-kumi-na-tano", "katika-kumi-na-", "kumi", "kumi-na", "kumi-na-", "kumi-na-tano", "kwa-vipande-kumi-na-vitano", "miaka-kumi", "miaka-kumi-na", "miaka-kumi-na-mitano", "na-kumi-na-tano", "na-wana-wake-kumi-na-watano", "yake"]·TR["-de-beşinde", "On-beş", "Ve-on-bes", "beş", "on", "on-", "on-bes", "on-beş", "ve-on-"]·urd["اور-پندرہ", "پانچ", "پندرہ", "پندرہ-", "پندرہ-میں", "پندرہویں", "پندرہویں-کو"]
Gen 5:10, Gen 7:20, Exod 27:14, Exod 27:15, Exod 38:14, Exod 38:15, Lev 23:34, Lev 23:39, Lev 27:7, 2 Sam 9:10, 2 Sam 19:17, 1 Kgs 7:3 (+10 más)
3. ordinal: decimoquinto — El numeral en construcciones compuestas-ordinales con el significado de 'el decimoquinto', especialmente en fórmulas de datación litúrgica. Ocho ocurrencias fijan fechas del calendario sagrado: 'el día quince del segundo mes' (Éx 16:1), la Fiesta de los Panes sin Levadura (Lv 23:6; Nm 28:17) y la Fiesta de los Tabernáculos (Nm 29:12). 8×
AR["فِي-الْ-خَمْسَةَ", "فِي-الْخَامِسَ", "فِي-ٱلْخَامِسَ", "فِي‒خَمْسَةَ", "وَفِي-خَمْسَةَ"]·ben["-পনেরো", "এবং--পনেরো", "এবং-পঞ্চদশ", "এবং-বে-খামিশশাহ", "পঞ্চদশতম", "পনের", "পনেরতম", "পনেরো-"]·DE["auf-fuenf", "auf-fuenf-", "fuenf", "und-auf-fuenf", "und-auf-fuenf-von"]·EN["and-on-five", "and-on-five-of", "on-five", "on-five-"]·FR["dans-cinq", "et-sur-cinq", "et-sur-cinq-de", "in-cinq", "sur-cinq", "sur-cinq-"]·heb["ב-ה-בחמשה", "ב-ה-חמישה", "ב-חמישה", "ו-ב-ה-ובחמשה"]·HI["और-पंद्रहवें", "के-महीने", "पंद्रहवें", "पन्द्रहवें", "में-पंद्रहवें"]·ID["Dan-pada-lima-belas", "dan-pada-lima", "pada-kelima-", "pada-lima", "pada-tanggal-lima"]·IT["cinque", "e-su-cinque", "e-su-cinque-di", "in-cinque", "su-cinque", "su-cinque-"]·jav["Lan-ing-kaping-gangsal", "Lan-ing-kaping-gangsal-welas", "ing-gangsal-welas", "ing-kaping-gangsal", "ing-tanggal-gangsal-welas", "ing-tanggal-kaping-gangsal"]·KO["그리고-에-열다섯", "그리고-열다섯째", "에-그-다섯-", "에-다섯", "에-다섯째", "에-열다섯", "열-다섯째"]·PT["E-em-quinze", "em-quinze", "no-quinze"]·RU["в-пятнадцатый", "и-в-пятнадцатый"]·ES["Y-en-cinco", "Y-en-el-quince", "en-cinco", "en-quince"]·SW["Na-katika-kumi-na-", "katika-kumi-na", "katika-siku-ya-kumi-na", "na-katika-siku-ya-kumi", "siku", "siku-ya-kumi"]·TR["-da-on-beşinde", "beşinde-", "on", "on-", "ve-de-beşinde", "ve-on-beşinde"]·urd["اور-پندرہویں", "اور-پندرہویں-کو", "میں-پندرہویں", "پندرھویں-کو", "پندرہویں"]
4. ordinal: quinto — El numeral con valor ordinal significando 'el quinto', marcando un día, mes o año específico. Seis ocurrencias anclan la cronología profética (Ez 1:1, 'en el quinto año'; Ez 8:1, 'en el quinto día del sexto mes') y la historia real (1 R 12:32-33, la fiesta de Jeroboam). Las glosas revelan el reto de convertir un cardinal en ordinal en distintas lenguas. 6×
AR["في-الخامِسِ", "فِي-الـ-خَامِسَ-", "فِي-الـ-خَامِسِ", "فِي-ٱلْخَامِسِ"]·ben["পঞ্চম-দিনে", "পঞ্চমে", "পনেরো", "পনেরো-"]·DE["auf-der-fuenf", "auf-der-fuenf-", "fuenf"]·EN["on-fifth", "on-the-five", "on-the-five-"]·FR["dans-cinq", "sur-le-cinq", "sur-le-cinq-"]·heb["ב-חמישה", "בַּ-חֲמִשָּׁה"]·HI["और-हम", "पंद्रहवें", "पंद्रहवें-", "में-पाँचवें", "में-पांचवें"]·ID["Pada-tanggal-lima", "pada-hari-kelima", "pada-lima", "pada-lima-", "pada-tanggal-lima"]·IT["cinque", "su-il-cinque", "su-il-cinque-"]·jav["Ing-kaping-gangsal", "ing-kaping-gangsal", "ing-kaping-gangsal-welas", "ing-kaping-gangsal-welas-"]·KO["다섯째에", "에-다섯-번째", "에-다섯째", "에-다섯째-"]·PT["No-quinto", "no-cinco", "no-décimo", "no-décimo-", "no-quinto"]·RU["в-пятнадцатый", "в-пятнадцатый-", "в-пятый"]·ES["en-el-cinco", "en-quince", "en-quince-"]·SW["katika-tano", "siku-ya-kumi"]·TR["beşinci-de", "beşinde", "on-beşinde", "on-beşinde-"]·urd["پانچویں-میں", "پانچویں-کو", "پندرہویں", "پندرہویں-"]
Sentidos Relacionados
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
חָמֵשׁ, חֲמִשָּׁה n.m. and f. five (NH id., id.; Aramaic חֲמֵשׁ, חַמְשָׁא, ܚܰܡܶܫ, ܚܰܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Ph. חמשת; Palm. חמשא, c. n. masc., ReckendorfZMG 1888, 408; Assyrian ḫamšu, ḫamiltu Dl§ 75; Ethiopic ኀምስ, ኀምስቱ Arabic خَمْسٌ, خَمْسَةٌ; Sab. & Liḥyân. חֿמס DHMZMG xxix, 613; Epigr. Denkm. 71, 73);—m. (c. n.f.) abs. חָמֵשׁ Gn 5:6 + 94 times + Ez 40:30 (del. 𝔊B Hi-Sm Co; Co del. also in v 25, 29, 33, 36) +…