H1792 H1792
To crush or shatter; figuratively, to oppress or break the spirit; as participle, the contrite or brokenhearted.
A poetic verb that ranges from physical destruction to spiritual brokenness. In the Piel stem, God crushes Rahab-Egypt like a carcass (Ps 89:10) and oppressors trample the afflicted (Ps 94:5). Isaiah's Suffering Servant is 'crushed' by the Lord's will (Isa 53:10), where Spanish 'molido' evokes grinding to powder. Yet the same root yields one of Scripture's most tender images: God dwells with the 'contrite ones' (Isa 57:15), the dakka'im whose brokenness becomes the very doorway to divine presence. The Hitpael and Pual passive forms in Job explore the helplessness of mortals crushed by forces beyond their control.
4. contrite ones, the crushed — The substantivized Niphal participle nidka'im at Isa 57:15: 'the crushed ones' or 'contrite ones' whom God chooses to dwell with. Spanish 'los contritos' captures the theological weight beautifully. This is among the most important derivative uses of the root -- brokenness becomes a spiritual qualification for divine nearness, transforming what elsewhere is pure destruction into a paradoxical mark of grace. The participle functions as a noun denoting a class of people defined by their inner condition. 1×
AR["الْمُنْسَحِقِينَ"]·ben["চূর্ণদের"]·DE["[נדכאים]"]·EN["crushed-ones"]·FR["écraser"]·heb["נדכאים"]·HI["कुचलोंका"]·ID["orang-orang-yang-remuk"]·IT["opprimere"]·jav["ingkang-remuk"]·KO["상한-자들의"]·PT["contritos"]·RU["сокрушённых"]·ES["los-contritos"]·SW["wa-waliovunjika-moyo"]·TR["ezilmislerin"]·urd["کچلے-ہوئوں-کا"]
▼ 3 more senses below
Senses
1. crush, shatter (active) — The active Piel sense: to crush, break in pieces, or trample. God crushes Rahab-Egypt (Ps 89:10), and the wicked crush God's people (Ps 94:5). At Isa 53:10, the Lord wills to crush his Servant -- Spanish 'molido' and French 'ecraser' both convey grinding destruction. Proverbs 22:22 warns against crushing the afflicted at the gate. The active agent is typically either God in judgment or human oppressors abusing power, with the object always a person or people rather than a physical thing. 10×
AR["بِـ-سَحْقِهِ","تَسحَقُونَ","تَسْحَقْ","سَحَقَ","سَحَقْتَ","لِيَدُوسَ","وَ-تَسْحَقُونَنِي","وَ-يَسْحَقُ","وَيَسْحَقْني","يَسْحَقُونَ"]·ben["এবং-আমাকে-চূর্ণ-করেন","এবং-চূর্ণ-করবে-আমাকে","ও-সে-চূর্ণ-করবে","চূর্ণ-করেছ","তাঁকে-চূর্ণ-করতে","তারা-পেষণ-করে","পায়ের-তলায়-চূর্ণ-করতে","পেষণ-কর","পেষণ-করছ","পেষণ-করেছে"]·DE["[דכאו]","[וידכאני]","[ותדכאונני]","[לדכא]","[תדכא]","[תדכאו]","er-hat-zermalmt","sie-zermalmen","und-zermalmen","zermalmt"]·EN["To-crush","and-crush","and-crush-me","crush","crushed","he-has-crushed","my-people","they-crush","to-crush-him"]·FR["et-écraser","et-écraser-moi","écraser"]·heb["דיכא","דיכאת","דכאו","ו-ידכא","ו-ידכאני","ו-תדכאונני","ידכאו","ל-דכא","תדכא","תדכאו"]·HI["उसे-कुचलना","और-कुचले-मुझे","और-चूर-करेगा","और-चूर-करोगे","कुचल","कुचलने-के-लिए","कुचला-है","तुम-कुचलते-हो","तूने-कुचला","वे-कुचलते-हैं"]·ID["Untuk-menghancurkan","dan-ia-akan-meremukkan","dan-kamu-menghancurkanku","dan-menghancurkanku","kamu-menghancurkan","menghancurkan","mereka-menghancurkan","meremukkan-Nya"]·IT["crush","e-e-crush-me","e-e-crush-me-mio","e-schiacchio'","opprimere","schiacchio'"]·jav["Supados-ngidak","lan-ngremuk-kawula","ngremuk","ngremuk-Panjenenganipun","panjenengan-ngidak-idak","piyambakipun-ngremuk","saha-piyambakipun-badhé-meremuk","sami-dipun-remet"]·KO["그들-이-짓밟으리라","그를-상하게-하기를","그리고-나를-부수시기를","그리고-부수겠느냐","밟으려고","부수셨나이다","부수시리이다","분쇄하느냐","짓밟았나이다","짓밟지"]·PT["Esmagais","Esmagar","e-esmagasse-me","e-esmague","e-me-esmagareis","esmagam","esmagaste","esmagou","esmagues","esmagá-lo"]·RU["Попирать","и-да-сокрушит","и-сокрушать-меня","и-сокрушил-бы-меня","поверг","сокрушают","сокрушил-Ты","сокрушить-Его","угнетаете","угнетай"]·ES["Al-aplastar","aplastaste","aplastes","aplastáis","aplastó","quebrantan","quebrantarlo","y-aplastará","y-me-aplastara","y-me-aplastaréis"]·SW["Kuponda","ameponda","kumpondaa","kuniponda","mnawaponda","na-atamvunja","na-kuniponda","umemponda","usimdhulumu","wanawaponda"]·TR["Ezmek","ez","ezdi","ezdin","eziyorlar","eziyorsunuz","ezmek-onu","ve-ezeceksiniz-beni","ve-ezse-beni","ve-ezsin"]·urd["اور-مجھے-کچل-دے","اور-کچلو گے-مجھے","تم-کچلتے-ہو","وَ-کچلے-گا","وہ-کچلتے-ہیں","کچل","کچل-دیا","کچلا-تُو-نے","کچلنا","کچلنا-اُسے"]
2. be crushed (passive) — The passive Pual and Hitpael sense: to be crushed, broken, or destroyed without recourse. Job's friends observe that mortals dwelling in houses of clay are crushed before the moth (Job 4:19). The passive forms dominate in Job's speeches, expressing vulnerability to forces beyond human control. At Isa 19:10, Egypt's foundations are crushed. French and Spanish render these passives with reflexive or participial constructions, underscoring the state of being acted upon rather than acting. 6×
AR["تُسْحَقُ","مَسْحُوقٌ","مَسْحُوقَةً","وَ-يُسحَقونَ","وَيُسْحَقونَ","يُسْحَقونَ"]·ben["আর-চূর্ণ-হয়","এবং-তারা-পিষ্ট-হবে","চূর্ণ","চূর্ণ-হত","চূর্ণ-হয়েছিলেন","তারা-পিষ্ট-হয়"]·DE["[וידכאו]","[ידכא]","[ידכאום]","[מדכא]","[מדכאים]"]·EN["and-are-crushed","and-they-are-crushed","are-crushed","crushed","they-are-crushed"]·FR["et-écraser","écraser","écraser-eux"]·heb["ו-ידוכאו","ו-יידכאו","ידוכא","ידכאום","מדוכא","מדוכאים"]·HI["और-कुचले-जाते-हैं","कुचला-गया","कुचली-गई","कुचली-हुई","कुचले-जाते-हैं-वे"]·ID["dan-dihancurkan","dan-mereka dihancurkan","dihancurkan","diremukkan","remuk"]·IT["e-e-essi-sono-crushed","e-e-sono-crushed","essi-sono-crushed-loro","opprimere","sono-crushed"]·jav["dipun-remuk","dipunremuk","lan-piyambak-ipun-karemuk","lan-sami-dipun-remuk","remuk"]·KO["그리고-그들이-부서진다","그리고-짓밟힌다-그들이","부서지고","부서진다-그들이","부수어졌나니","상하였느니라"]·PT["e-serão-esmagados","e-são-esmagados","eram-esmagados.","esmagado","esmagados","esmagam-os"]·RU["и-сокрушаются","сокрушались","сокрушают-их","сокрушены","сокрушён"]·ES["aplastados","eran-quebrantados.","molido","son-aplastados","y-son-aplastados"]·SW["alipondwa","imevunjwa","na-wanapondwa","wanapondwa","zimepondwa"]·TR["ezilirler","ezilmis","kırılır","ve-ezilirler"]·urd["اور-کچلے جاتے ہیں","اور-کچلے-جائیں-گے","ٹوٹی-ہوئی","ٹوڑے گئے","کچلا-گیا","کچلے-جاتے-ہیں"]
3. be humbled, brought low — A figurative extension meaning to be humbled or brought low, distinct from physical destruction. At Jer 44:10, the people have not been humbled or made contrite even to this day. Spanish 'fueron humillados' distinguishes this moral-spiritual abasement from the violent crushing of sense 1. The emphasis falls on inner disposition rather than external force -- a failure to respond appropriately to God's discipline. 1×
AR["يَتَضَعُوا"]·ben["তারা-নম্র-হয়েছে"]·DE["[דכאו]"]·EN["they-have-been-humbled"]·FR["écraser"]·heb["דוכאו"]·HI["दिन-किए-गए"]·ID["mereka-direndahkan"]·IT["opprimere"]·jav["dipun-remuk"]·KO["겨손해졌다-그들이"]·PT["foram-esmagados"]·RU["смирились"]·ES["fueron-humillados"]·SW["nyenyekea"]·TR["ezildiler"]·urd["وہ-کُچلے-گئے"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [דָּכָא] vb. crush, poet. (Assyrian dakû, crush, Muss-ArnoltHbr Oct. 1890, 66) not in Qal ;— Niph. Pt. נִדְכָּאִים Is 57:15;—crushed, fig. = contrite ones. Pi. Pf. דִּכָּא ψ 143:3; 2 ms. דִּבִּאתָ ψ 89:11; Impf. וִידַכֵּא ψ 72:4; 2 ms. תְּדַכֵּא Pr 22:22 (juss.); יְדַכְּאוּ ψ 94:5, תְּדַכְּאוּ Is 3:15; sf. וִידַכְּאֵנִי Jb 6:9, יְדַכְּאוּם Jb 4:19; 2 mpl. וּתְדַכּאוּנַּנִי Jb 19:2 (so Baer, v.…