An obscure term in Ezra 4:9's list of Persian officials opposing Jerusalem's reconstruction. It may be an ethnic designation, a Persian title meaning 'judges' (from an Iranian word for judicial officers), or part of the preceding word. Modern scholarship divides on whether to read this as a people-group (Dinaites) or as an Aramaic/Persian administrative term. The textual difficulty reflects the complexities of Persian-period administrative vocabulary.