H1390 H1390
Gibeah, a city of Benjamin; also Geba (a distinct Levitical city); rarely, 'hill' as a common noun
Primarily the proper name of a Benjaminite city notorious for the outrage against the Levite's concubine (Judg 19-20) and later famous as King Saul's hometown (1 Sam 10:26). The name derives from the common noun meaning 'hill,' which occasionally surfaces as an appellative (1 Sam 14:2). In Judges 20:33 it appears to designate Geba, a nearby but distinct Levitical city, reflecting the longstanding orthographic confusion between these two similarly named settlements.
Senses
1. Gibeah (proper noun) — The city of Gibeah in Benjamin, appearing across its long biblical history from the terrible events of Judges 19-20 through Saul's reign (1 Sam 10:26; 22:6) and into the prophetic oracles of Hosea (9:9; 10:9). All translations consistently render this as a proper noun: Spanish 'Guibea,' French 'Givah,' German 'Gibea.' 41×
AR["الْ-جِبْعَةَ", "الْ-جِبْعَةِ", "فِي-الْ-جِبْعَةِ", "فِي-جِبْعَةَ"]·ben["গিবিয়াতে", "গিবিয়ার"]·DE["der-Givah", "in-Givah", "zu-Givah", "zu-der-Givah"]·EN["in-Givah", "the-Givah", "to-Givah", "to-the-Givah"]·FR["dans-Givah", "le-Givah", "à-Givah", "à-le-Givah"]·heb["ב-גבעה", "גבעתה", "ה-גבעה", "ה-גבעתה", "ל-גבעה"]·HI["गिबाह", "गिबाह-में"]·ID["Gibea", "di-Gibea", "ke-Gibea"]·IT["a-Givah", "a-il-Givah", "il-Givah", "in-Givah"]·jav["Gibéa", "dhateng-Gibéa", "ing-Gibéa"]·KO["기브아로", "기브아에", "기브아에서", "기브아의"]·PT["a-Giveah", "de-Giveah", "em-Giveah"]·RU["Гиву", "Гивы", "в-Гиве", "в-Гиву"]·ES["Guibeá", "a-Guibeá", "de-la-Guibeá", "en-Guibeá", "en-la-Guibeá", "hacia-Guibeá", "hacia-la-Guibeá", "la-Guibeá"]·SW["Gibea", "wa-Gibea", "wako-Gibea", "ya-Gibea"]·TR["Giva'da", "Giva'dan", "Giva'nın", "Giva'ya"]·urd["جبعہ-", "جبعہ-میں", "جبعہ-کو", "جبعہ-کے"]
Josh 15:57, Judg 19:12, Judg 19:13, Judg 19:14, Judg 19:15, Judg 19:16, Judg 20:4, Judg 20:5, Judg 20:9, Judg 20:13, Judg 20:14, Judg 20:15 (+29 more)
2. Geba (proper noun) — A reference to Geba, a distinct Levitical city in Benjamin, sometimes confused with Gibeah due to nearly identical Hebrew spelling. In Judges 20:33 the context points to Geba rather than Gibeah proper. Modern translations and critical commentaries routinely distinguish the two sites. 1×
AR["جَبَعَ"]·ben["গেবার"]·DE["Geva"]·EN["Geva"]·FR["Geva"]·heb["גבע"]·HI["गेबा"]·ID["Geba"]·IT["Geva"]·jav["Géba"]·KO["게바"]·PT["Geva"]·RU["Гевы"]·ES["Gueba"]·SW["wa-Geba"]·TR["Geva'nın"]·urd["جبع-کی"]
3. hill (common noun) — The underlying common noun meaning 'hill' or 'height,' used appellatively rather than as a proper name. In 1 Sam 14:2 it describes a geographical feature in the landscape rather than a named city. This appellative use illuminates how many Israelite place names originated as simple terrain descriptions. 1×
AR["الـ-تَّلَّةِ"]·ben["গিবিয়ার"]·DE["der-Huegel"]·EN["the-hill"]·FR["le-colline"]·heb["ה-גבעה"]·HI["पहाड़ी-के"]·ID["bukit"]·IT["il-colle"]·jav["ing-punthuk"]·KO["그-언덕의"]·PT["a-colina"]·RU["Гивы"]·ES["la-colina"]·SW["kilima"]·TR["tepe-nin"]·urd["پہاڑی-کے"]
Related Senses
G3588 1. definite article (18298×)H0853 1. definite direct object marker (10915×)G2532 1. (8312×)H3068 1. YHWH (the divine name) (6522×)H0834a 1. relative pronoun (who/which/that) (4839×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)H3588a 1. causal: because, for (3498×)G1161 1. and (2806×)H3478 1. Israel (proper name and nation) (2507×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G4771 1. you (plural address) (1853×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H1931 1. personal pronoun he/she/it (1431×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)G3739 1. relative pronoun who/which/that (1149×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)H1732 1. David (proper name) (1075×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H2088 1. this, this one (demonstrative) (1059×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
II. גִּבְעָה n.pr.loc. (hill)—ג׳ Jos 15:57 +; (הַ)גִּבְעָ֫תָה Ju 20:4 + 5 times; גִּבְעַת Jos 18:28; cstr. גִּבְעַת 1 S 11:4 + 9 times; abs. always c. art. except Jos 15:57; 18:28 Ju 19:12; 20:31 1 S 10:26 2 Ch 13:2;— †1. a city of Judah Jos 15:57 (perhaps one of two villages called Gabaa, Gabatha in Onom. v. LagOnom. 246, 128; 2nd ed. 255, 160). 2. city of Benj. Ju 19:14, 16 + 20 times Ju, 1 S…