בַּ֫עַד105 H1157
En favor de; a través de; detrás de; alrededor de — preposición que expresa separación, paso o interposición
Preposición versátil construida sobre la idea de separación o interposición entre dos puntos. En su uso más frecuente significa 'en favor de' o 'por causa de', como cuando los sacerdotes hacen expiación por el pueblo. También indica movimiento físico a través de una abertura (Rajab descolgando a los espías por la ventana, Jos 2:15) y posición detrás de una barrera. Con menor frecuencia expresa protección envolvente, fundamento causal o un raro sentido temporal. El arco que va del espacial 'detrás' al abstracto 'en favor de' refleja un mismo hilo conceptual: algo que se interpone entre sujeto y objeto.
Sentidos
1. en favor de, por — El sentido benefactivo dominante, que aparece en aproximadamente la mitad de las ocurrencias. El árabe lo traduce con preposiciones de propósito (مِنْ أَجْلِ, لِأَجْلِ), el coreano con 위하여 y el suajili con kwa ajili ya, confirmando la lectura 'en beneficio de'. Típico en contextos sacerdotales donde se hace expiación 'por' alguien (Lv 9:7; 16:6). Los sufijos pronominales (בַּעֲדִי, בַּעֲדוֹ) se adjuntan directamente para indicar al beneficiario. 50×
AR["بَدَلَ", "بِأَجْلِ", "بِأَجْلِ-", "بِـ-أَجْلِ-", "عَنّي", "لِ-أَجْلِي", "لِأَجْلِ-", "مِنْ-أَجْلِ", "مِنْ-أَجْلِي", "وَ-عَنِ", "وَ-عَنْ", "وَ-لِأَجْلِ"]·ben["-জন্য", "আমার-জন্য", "এবং-জন্য", "এবং-পক্ষে", "ও-জন্য", "জন্য", "জন্য-", "পক্ষে"]·DE["[בעדי]", "fuer-mich", "und-auf-behalf-von", "und-in-bis", "wegen"]·EN["and-for", "and-on-behalf-of", "dens", "for", "for-", "for-me", "on-behalf-of", "that-is-found"]·FR["derrière", "derrière-moi", "et-dans-jusqu'à", "et-in-jusqu'à", "et-sur-behalf-de", "pour-moi", "à-cause-de"]·heb["ב-עד", "ב-עדי", "בעד", "בעד-", "בעדי", "ו-בעד"]·HI["-के-बदले", "-के-लिए", "और-अपने लिए", "और-के-लिए", "के-लिए", "के-लिए-", "बाद-मेरे", "मेरे-लिए"]·ID["bagi-aku", "bagiku", "dan-bagi", "dan-demi", "untuk", "untuk-"]·IT["a-causa-di", "dietro", "dietro-mio", "e-in-fino-a", "e-su-behalf-di", "per-me"]·jav["bab", "kangge-", "kangge-kawula", "kangge-kula", "kanggé", "kanggé-", "lan-kangge", "lan-kanggé"]·KO["그리고-를-위해", "그리고-에-위하여", "그리고-에-위해", "그리고-위하여", "나를-위하여", "나를-위해", "에-위하여-", "위하여", "위하여-", "위하여-나를", "위하여-의", "위해-나를"]·PT["e-por", "em-favor-de-", "em-favor-do", "por", "por-mim"]·RU["для-", "за", "за-", "за-меня", "и-за"]·ES["por", "por-mí", "y-por"]·SW["kwa-ajili-ya", "kwa-ajili-ya-", "kwa-ajili-yangu", "kwa-niaba-ya", "kwa-niaba-yangu", "kwa-sababu-ya", "na-kwa-ajili-ya", "na-kwa-ajili-ya-", "wּbad"]·TR["-benim-için", "-için", "benim-için", "icin", "için", "için-", "ve-için", "ve-uğruna"]·urd["اور-خاطر-سے", "اور-طرف-سے", "اور-لیے", "اور-کے-لیے", "خاطر", "میرے-لیے", "کے-لئے-", "کے-لیے", "کے-لیے-"]
2. a través de, por — Paso espacial a través de una abertura o hueco, como cuando Rajab descuelga a los espías por la ventana (Jos 2:15) o la madre de Sísara mira a través de la celosía (Jue 5:28). El árabe مِنْ خِلَالِ y el coreano 통하여 apuntan a 'a través' en lugar de 'detrás', distinguiendo este sentido del posicional. La noción subyacente de separación —moverse de un lado para emerger en el otro— es el nexo etimológico. 19×
AR["عَبْرَ", "عَن", "عَنْ", "مِن", "مِن-أَجلِ-", "مِنْ", "مِنْ-", "مِنْ-أَجْلِ", "مِنْ-خِلالِ", "مِنْ-خِلَالِ", "مِنْ-عَلَى", "هَلْ-مِنْ-وَرَاءِ", "وَ-عَبْرَ"]·ben["-দিয়ে", "এবং-মধ্যে", "কি-পেছনে", "জন্য", "জন্য-", "দিয়ে", "মধ্য-দিয়ে", "মধ্যে", "মধ্যে-দিয়ে"]·DE["der-wegen", "durch", "durch-", "fuer", "und-wegen", "wegen"]·EN["and-through", "for", "through", "through-"]·FR["dans-jusqu'à", "derrière", "et-dans-jusqu'à", "in-jusqu'à", "pour", "à-travers", "à-travers-"]·heb["ב-עַד", "ב-עד", "בעד", "בעד-", "ה-בעד", "וּ-ב-עַד"]·HI["और-के-बीच-से", "के-बीच-से", "के-लिए", "के-लिए-", "क्या-पार-से", "खिड़की-से", "बअद", "लिए", "से", "से-बीच", "से-होकर"]·ID["Dari-balik", "apakah-melalui", "dan-melalui", "dari-balik", "demi", "karena", "melalui", "melalui-", "untuk"]·IT["a-causa-di", "attraverso", "attraverso-", "dietro", "e-in-fino-a", "in-fino-a", "per"]·jav["Lantaran", "kagem", "kangge-", "kanggé", "karana-", "lan-nglangkungi", "lantaran", "liwat", "lumantar", "medal", "menapa-liwat", "nglangkungi", "saking", "saking-", "tumraping"]·KO["(질문)-너머로", "-로", "그리고-통하여", "넘어-", "대신하여", "에-사이", "위하여", "위하여-", "을-통해", "통하여", "통하여-", "통해-서"]·PT["Pela", "Porventura-através-de", "através-de", "e-por-entre-", "em-favor-de-", "pela", "por", "por-entre-"]·RU["-за", "Через", "за", "за-", "и-через", "разве-сквозь", "через", "через-"]·ES["Acaso-a-través-de", "Por", "a-través-de", "por", "por-", "y-a-través-de"]·SW["Je-kupitia", "kupitia", "kupitia-", "kwa-ajili-ya", "kwa-niaba-ya", "kwa-niaba-ya-", "na-kupitia"]·TR["-den", "-için", "-içinden", "arkasından-mı", "den-arasından", "den-icinden", "den-için", "için-", "içinden", "içinden-", "uğruna-", "ve-içinden-", "üzerine"]·urd["-بدلے-میں-", "اور-بیچ-سے", "اوپر-سے", "ذریعے", "ذریعے-سے", "سے", "سے-", "میں-سے", "کیا-پیچھے", "کے-لیے", "کے-لیے-"]
Gen 26:8, Exod 32:30, Deut 9:20, Josh 2:15, Judg 5:28, Judg 5:28, 1 Sam 7:9, 1 Sam 19:12, 2 Sam 6:16, 2 Sam 10:12, 2 Sam 20:21, 2 Kgs 1:2 (+7 más)
3. detrás de, tras — Sentido posicional de 'detrás', indicando ubicación o movimiento en la parte posterior de algo. Dios cierra la puerta detrás de Noé (Gn 7:16); la grasa se cierra detrás de la hoja (Jue 3:22). El árabe وَرَاءَ y el alemán hinter traducen consistentemente este sentido espacial. La preposición aquí marca lo que está al otro lado de una barrera, preservando la idea radical de separación. 19×
AR["خَلْفَهُمْ", "عَلى", "عَلَى", "عَلَيْكَ", "عَلَيْكِ", "عَلَيْهَا", "عَلَيْهِ", "مِ-بَعَد", "وَ-عَنِ", "وَراءَهُ", "وَعَلى", "وَعَلَى", "وَعَلَى-", "وَمِن-أَجلِ", "وَمِنْ-أَجْلِ", "وَمِنْ-أَجْلِ-"]·ben["-পিছনে-থেকে", "এবং--জন্য", "এবং-জন্য", "এবং-জন্য-", "এবং-পেছনে", "ও--পেছনে-", "তাদের-পিছনে", "তার-পিছনে", "তার-পেছনে", "তোমার-পেছনে", "পেছনে", "সাথে-"]·DE["hinter", "hinter-du", "hinter-ihm", "hinter-ihn", "hinter-ihnen", "hinter-ihr", "um", "und-fuer", "und-fuer-", "und-hinter", "und-wegen", "von-wegen", "wegen"]·EN["and-behind", "and-for", "and-for-", "around", "behind", "behind-her", "behind-him", "behind-them", "behind-you", "from-behind", "hide"]·FR["autour", "derrière", "derrière-eux", "derrière-lui", "derrière-sa", "derrière-tu", "et-derrière", "et-pour", "et-pour-", "à-cause-de"]·heb["בעד", "בעדה", "בעדו", "בעדו-ו", "בעדך", "בעדם", "ו-ב-עד", "ו-בעד", "מ-בעד"]·HI["अपने-पीछे", "उसके-पीछे", "उस्के-पीछे", "ऊ-बाद", "ऊ-बाद-", "और-", "और-उसके-पीछे", "और-पीछे", "और-लिए", "पीछे", "पीछे-अपने", "पीछे-से"]·ID["dan-bagi", "dan-bagi-", "dan-demi", "dan-di-belakang", "dan-untuk", "di-balik", "di-belakang", "di-belakang-mereka", "di-belakang-mu", "di-belakang-nya", "di-belakangmu", "di-belakangnya"]·IT["a-causa-di", "da-dietro", "dietro", "dietro-lei", "dietro-loro", "dietro-lui", "dietro-tu", "e-dietro", "e-per", "e-per-", "intorno-a"]·jav["ing-mburine-panjenengan", "ing-piyambakipun", "lan-kangge", "lan-karana", "lan-tumrap", "saking-sawingking", "sasampunipun", "tumrap", "tumrap-panjenengan", "tumrap-piyambakipun", "wingkingipun"]·KO["그-뒤에", "그녀-뒤에", "그리고-뒤에", "그리고-위하여", "너의-뒤에서", "당신-뒤에", "뒤-그들의-에서", "뒤-에서", "뒤에", "에-그의-뒤", "에-뒤에", "에-뒤에-그"]·PT["atrás-de", "atrás-de-ti", "atrás-dela", "atrás-dele", "atrás-deles", "e-atrás-de", "e-pelo", "e-por", "por-detrás-de", "por-ele"]·RU["за", "за-", "за-ним", "за-собой", "и-за", "и-за-", "и-над", "из-за"]·ES["de-detrás-de", "detrás-de", "detrás-de-ella", "detrás-de-ti", "detrás-de-él", "tras", "tras-de-ti", "tras-ellos", "tras-él", "y-detrás-de", "y-por", "y-sobre"]·SW["juu-ya", "na-kwa-ajili-ya", "na-kwa-niaba-ya", "na-kwa-niaba-ya-", "na-nyuma-ya", "na-nyuma-ya-", "nyuma-ya", "nyuma-yake", "nyuma-yako", "nyuma-yao"]·TR["arkanda", "arkandan", "arkasinda", "arkasından", "de-arkasinda", "etrafında", "ve-arkasinda", "ve-arkasinda-", "ve-etrafında", "ve-için", "ve-için-", "ve-uğruna", "üzerine"]·urd["اور-اوپر", "اور-لئے", "اور-پیچھے", "اور-کے-لیے", "اُس-پر", "اپنے-پیچھے", "پیچھے", "پیچھے-اُس-کے", "پیچھے-سے", "چاروں-طرف"]
Gen 7:16, Lev 9:7, Judg 3:22, Judg 3:23, Judg 9:51, 2 Sam 10:12, 2 Kgs 4:4, 2 Kgs 4:4, 2 Kgs 4:5, 2 Kgs 4:5, 2 Kgs 4:21, 2 Kgs 4:33 (+7 más)
4. alrededor de, en torno — Sentido de rodear o cercar, especialmente en relación con la protección divina. Job 1:10 es el pasaje paradigmático: Dios lo ha 'cercado alrededor' por todos lados. El árabe حَوْلَ y el suajili kuzunguka confirman 'alrededor' en vez de 'detrás'. También en Sal 3:3, donde Dios es escudo 'en torno' al salmista. La lectura de cerco se extiende naturalmente de la interposición al envolvimiento. 8×
AR["حَوْلَهُ", "حَوْلِي", "وَحَوْلَ"]·ben["আমার-চারপাশে", "আমার-জন্য", "এবং-চারপাশে", "চারপাশে-আমার।", "তার-চারপাশে"]·DE["[בעדי]", "hinter", "in-Iddo", "und-wegen"]·EN["about-me", "and-around", "around-him", "around-me"]·FR["dans-à-cause-de", "derrière-lui", "et-derrière", "à-cause-de"]·heb["בעדו", "בעדי", "בעדני", "ו-בעד"]·HI["उसके-चारों-ओर", "और-चारों-ओर", "और-चारों-ओर-", "मेरे-चारों-ओर", "मेरे-पीछे", "मेरे-लिए"]·ID["bagiku", "dan-di-sekeliling", "di-balikku", "di-sekeliling-dia", "di-sekelilingku", "di-sekelilingnya", "sekelilingku"]·IT["a-causa-di", "dietro-a", "dietro-suo", "e-dietro"]·jav["ing-sakiwa-tengenipun", "ing-wingking-kula", "lan-ing-sakiwa-tengen", "ngubengi-kula", "sakubeng-kawula"]·KO["그리고-주위에", "나-를-둘러", "나-주변에", "나-주위-에", "나를-위해-두르는", "주위에-그의"]·PT["ao-meu-redor", "ao-redor-de-mim", "atrás-de-mim", "e-por", "por-ele"]·RU["вокруг-меня", "вокруг-него", "за-мной", "и-вокруг"]·ES["alrededor-de-mí", "contra-mí", "por-él", "tras-de-mi", "y-por"]·SW["kumlinda", "kumlinda-yeye", "kunizuia", "kunizunguka", "na-kulinda", "yalinizuia", "yangu"]·TR["ardımda", "etrafımda-", "etrafımı", "etrafına", "etrafını", "ve-etrafına", "ve-etrafına-", "çevremde"]·urd["اور-گرد", "اُس-کے-گرد", "میرے-اوپر", "میرے-گرد"]
5. a causa de, por motivo de — Sentido causal —'a causa de, por motivo de'— que aparece en Gn 20:18 (Yahvé cerró matrices a causa de Sara), 1 S 1:6 y Pr 6:26. El árabe بِسَبَبِ y el suajili kwa sababu ya lo marcan como genuinamente causal, distinto del benefactivo. El desarrollo semántico de 'en favor de' a 'a causa de' sigue un camino frecuente en las lenguas. 3×
AR["بِسَبَبِ-", "عَلَى-", "مِنْ-أَجْلِ"]·ben["-এর-কাছে", "-এর-জন্য-", "জন্য"]·DE["-", "um", "wegen"]·EN["around", "on-account-of", "over"]·FR["au-dessus", "autour", "derrière"]·heb["ב-עד", "בעד"]·HI["उस-पर", "कारण-से-", "के-लिये-"]·ID["[objek]", "bagi-", "karena-"]·IT["dietro", "intorno", "sopra"]·jav["ing-", "kangge-", "kanthi"]·KO["-에-대하여", "에-대하여", "위해"]·PT["ao-redor-de", "por-causa-de", "sobre"]·RU["за", "за-"]·ES["a-causa-de", "detrás-de", "por"]·SW["kwa", "kwa-ajili-ya", "kwa-sababu-ya"]·TR["arkasında", "uğruna-", "üzerine"]·urd["عوض", "پر"]
6. en intercambio por — Dos ocurrencias en Job 2:4, donde Satanás dice 'piel por piel' — una fórmula proverbial de intercambio. El matiz preciso es debatido; las traducciones multilingües se dividen entre 'por' (intercambio) y 'a causa de'. El contexto sugiere un 'a cambio de' transaccional, lo que lo convierte en un uso especializado distinto de la simple benefacción o la causación. 2×
AR["بَدَلَ"]·ben["-বদলে"]·DE["wegen"]·EN["for"]·FR["derrière"]·heb["בעד"]·HI["के-बदले", "के-बदले-"]·ID["ganti"]·IT["dietro"]·jav["kangge"]·KO["위해", "위해-의"]·PT["por"]·RU["за"]·ES["por"]·SW["kwa", "kwa-ajili-ya"]·TR["karşılığında", "karşılığında-"]·urd["کے-بدلے"]
7. temporal: dentro de, después de — Uso temporal-adverbial raro, atestiguado en 1 S 4:18 (Elí había juzgado a Israel cuarenta años) e Is 7:8 (dentro de sesenta y cinco años). El árabe وَ فِي بَعدِ y el suajili na-ndani-ya respaldan la lectura como 'dentro de' o 'después de' un período de tiempo — extensión del espacial 'dentro de un límite' al dominio temporal. 2×
AR["عِنْدَ", "وَ-فِي-بَعدِ"]·ben["ও-আরও", "পাশ-দিয়ে"]·DE["neben", "und-in-noch"]·EN["and-in-yet", "beside"]·FR["et-dans-encore", "à-côté-de"]·heb["ב-עד", "ו-ב-עוד"]·HI["और-भीतर", "पास"]·ID["dan-dalam", "di-samping"]·IT["accanto-a", "e-in-ancora"]·jav["Lan-ing-salebetipun", "wonten-ing-sisih"]·KO["곁-에", "이제-"]·PT["E-dentro-de", "ao-lado-de"]·RU["возле", "и-через"]·ES["al-lado-de", "y-dentro-de"]·SW["karibu-na", "na-ndani-ya"]·TR["-yanında", "ve-icinde"]·urd["اور-اندر", "پاس"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
בַּ֫עַד105 subst. proposes separation, with a gen., in separation from, in usage a prep. away from, behind, about, on behalf of (Arabic بَعْدُ, of time, after)—abs. †Ct 4:1, 3; 6:7, elsewhere cstr. בְּעַד, with sf. בַּעֲדִי Ex 8:24 +, בַּעֲדֵנִי †ψ 139:11; בַּעַדְךָ Gn 20:7 +; בַּעֲדוֹ etc.; 1 pl. בַּעֲדֵנוּ, †Am 9:10 בַּעֲדֵינוּ; בַּעַדְכֶם 1 S 7:5 +; בַּעֲדָם Lv 9:7 +;— 1. lit. a. with vbs. of…