H0599 H0599
To be angry or become enraged; a denominative verb from 'ap (nose/anger), used almost exclusively of divine wrath.
Derived from the noun 'ap ('nose,' then 'anger' — from the flaring of nostrils), 'anap expresses the kindling of wrath. In the Hebrew Bible it is used almost exclusively of God's anger, making it a word that belongs to the vocabulary of divine judgment. The Qal stem describes a settled state of being angry (Ps 2:12; 79:5; 85:6; Isa 12:1), while the Hitpael intensifies this to the visible onset of fury — God 'becoming angry' in response to specific provocations such as Israel's rebellion at Kadesh (Deut 1:37), the golden calf (Deut 9:8, 20), and Solomon's idolatry (1 Kgs 11:9).
1. be angry (Qal) — To be angry or displeased in the basic Qal stem, expressing a state of divine wrath or indignation. Used of God's anger toward Israel's unfaithfulness (1 Kgs 8:46; 2 Chr 6:36; Ezra 9:14) and in the psalmist's urgent questions about the duration of divine displeasure (Ps 79:5; 85:6). The famous Ps 2:12 warning — 'lest he be angry and you perish' — captures the terrifying brevity of this form. English translations use 'be angry' or 'be wroth'; Spanish renders it 'estar airado' (to be wrathful), while German and French often leave the Hebrew untranslated in bracket notation, reflecting the difficulty of capturing the exact register of this specialized term. 8×
AR["تَغْضَبُ","تَغْضَبُ-","غَضِبتَ","غَضِبْتَ","وَ-غَضِبْتَ","يَغْضَبَ"]·ben["আর-ক্রুদ্ধ-হবে","এবং-রাগ-করবে","ক্রুদ্ধ-হবে-","তিনি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হন","তুমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-ছিলে","তুমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হবে","তুমি-ক্রুদ্ধ-হবে-","তুমি-রাগ-করেছিলে"]·DE["[אנפת]","[ואנפת]","[תאנף]","du-waren-angry","er-sein-angry","und-du-sind-angry","wird-du-sein-angry"]·EN["You-be-angry","You-were-angry","and-you-are-angry","he-be-angry","will-You-be-angry","will-you-be-angry","you-were-angry"]·FR["[אנפת]","[ואנפת]","[תאנף]","et-tu-sont-irrité","s'irriter"]·heb["אנפת","ו-אנפת","יאנף","תאנף"]·HI["और-क्रोधित-होगा","और-क्रोधित-होगा-तू","क्रोधित-रहेगा","क्रोधित-रहेगा-","क्रोधित-होगा","तू-क्रोधित-हुआ","तूने-क्रोध-किया","वह-क्रोधित-हो"]·ID["Engkau-akan-murka","Engkau-marah","Engkau-murka","Ia-murka","dan-Engkau-marah","dan-Engkau-murka"]·IT["[אנפת]","[ואנפת]","[תאנף]","e-tu-sono-adirato","si-adiro'"]·jav["Paduka-badhe-duka-","Panjenengan-badhé-duka","Panjenengan-duka","duka","lan-Paduka-duka"]·KO["그리고-당신이-노하시면","그리고-진노하시면","노하셨으나","노하시리이까","노하시면","당신이-노하다-","주께서-노하셨나이다"]·PT["e-te-irares","estarás-irado","se-ire","te-irarias-","te-irarás","te-iraste"]·RU["будешь-гневаться","будешь-гневаться-","гневался","гневался-Ты","и-прогневаешься","и-разгневаешься-Ты","разгневаешься","разгневался"]·ES["estarás-airado","estarás-airado-","se-enoje","te-enojarías","te-enojaste","y-te-airares","y-te-enojarás"]·SW["hautakasirika","na-mwangamie","na-ukawaghadhibikia","na-wakawachukua-mateka","ulikuwa-na-hasira","utakasirika"]·TR["kizarsin-","kizdin","kızar","kızdın","ve-kızarsan","ve-öfkelenirsen","öfkeleneceksin"]·urd["اور-غصے-میں-آئے-تو","اور-ناراض-ہو","غضب-کرےگا-تُو","غضبناک-تھا","غضبناک-رہے-گا-تُو","غُصّہ-کیا-تُو-نے","وہ-غضبناک-ہو"]
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. become angry (Hitpael) — To become angry or be provoked to wrath in the Hitpael (reflexive-intensive) stem, emphasizing the visible eruption or intensification of anger. Every Hitpael occurrence takes the preposition be- ('against') and refers to God's anger at specific provocations: Moses excluded from the land because of Israel's sin (Deut 1:37; 4:21), the golden calf rebellion (Deut 9:8, 20), Solomon's apostasy (1 Kgs 11:9), and the northern kingdom's persistent idolatry (2 Kgs 17:18). The Hitpael adds an element of mounting, self-manifesting fury absent from the Qal. Translations capture this escalation: Spanish 'se enojó/se airó' (became angry), English 'was angry,' German 'war zornig' — all using inchoative or perfective forms that mark the onset of wrath. 6×
AR["غَضِبَ","غَضِبَ-","فَغَضِبَ","وَ-غَضِبَ","وَغَضِبَ"]·ben["এবং-অত্যন্ত-ক্রুদ্ধ-হলেন","এবং-ক্রুদ্ধ-হলেন","ক্রুদ্ধ-হয়েছিলেন","ক্রুদ্ধ-হয়েছিলেন-","রাগ-করলেন"]·DE["und-er-war-angry","und-war-angry","und-war-zornig","war-zornig","war-zornig-"]·EN["and-he-was-angry","and-was-angry","was-angry","was-angry-"]·FR["et-fut-irrité","et-il-fut-irrité","et-était-angry","était-angry","était-angry-"]·heb["התאנף","ו-התאנף","ו-יתאנף"]·HI["और-क्रोधित-हुआ","क्रोधित-था","क्रोधित-हुआ"]·ID["Maka-menjadi-sangat-murka","dan menjadi murka","dan-menjadi-marah","marah","marah-","menjadi-marah"]·IT["e-egli-era-adirato","e-era-adirato","e-fu-angry","fu-angry","fu-angry-"]·jav["bendu","duka","lan-bendu","lan-duka"]·KO["그가-크게-노하셨다","그리고-노하셨다","그리고-진노하셨느니라","노하셨다","진노하셨느니라","진노하셨다"]·PT["E-irou-se","e-irou-se","irou-se","irou-se-"]·RU["и-разгневался","разгневался","разгневался-"]·ES["Y-se-enojó","se-airó","se-enojó","y-se-enojó"]·SW["alikasirika","alikasirikia-","kusokota","na-Yahwe-akakasirika","na-Yahwe-akakasirika-sana","na-alikasirika"]·TR["ve-öfkelendi","öfkelendi","öfkelendi-"]·urd["اور-غصہ-ہوا","اور-غضبناک-ہوا","غصہ-ہوا-","غضبناک-ہوا"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [אָנֵף, אָנַף] vb. denom. from אַף be angry (MI id., cf. Arabic أَنِفَ, Assyrian etc. in deriv.)— Qal Pf. אָנַפְתָּ ψ 60:3, etc.; Impf. יֶאֱנַף ψ 2:12, etc.;—be angry, of י׳; usually sq. בְּ 1 K 8:46 = 2 Ch 6:36; Is 12:1 ψ 85:6; Ezr 9:14; abs. ψ 60:3; 79:5; cf. also ψ 2:12. Hithp. id. always sq. בְּ, & alw. of י׳, Pf. הִתְאַנַּף Dt 1:37; 4:21; 9:20; Impf. וַיִּתְאַנַּף Dt 9:8; 1 K 11:9; 2 K 17:18.