אֵל H0413
a, hacia; en, dentro de; sobre; contra; por, acerca de; con, entre
La preposicion hebrea mas comun de movimiento dirigido, con mas de 5.500 apariciones. Su significado nuclear --movimiento hacia una persona, lugar u objetivo-- subyace en practicamente toda escena narrativa donde alguien va, envia, habla, da o se vuelve. A diferencia de la mas amplia ב (en) o על (sobre), אֵל codifica especificamente direccionalidad: la trayectoria del hablante al destino. Sin embargo, el contexto la desplaza hacia territorio hostil ('contra'), usos de proposito ('por, acerca de') e incluso compania ('con, entre'). El cognado arabe ʾilā confirma el nucleo direccional. Esta unica silaba es el tejido conectivo de la narrativa hebrea, uniendo actores con sus destinatarios a lo largo de miles de clausulas.
Sentidos
1. direccional: a, hacia — Sentido direccional primario en contextos de division textual: 'a' o 'hacia' una persona, lugar o cosa. Funciona como la acepcion base de la preposicion, siguiendo a todo verbo de movimiento y discurso para marcar destino o destinatario. 3×
AR["إلى", "إِلَى", "إِلَى-", "لِ", "لِ-"]·ben["-", "-এর-কাছে", "-কাছে", "-কে", "-দিকে", "কাছে-", "প্রতি", "প্রতি-"]·DE["an-", "auf", "dem-", "in-", "vor-", "zu", "zu-"]·EN["to", "to-"]·FR["à", "à-"]·heb["אל", "אל-"]·HI["-की-ओर", "-से", "की-ओर", "की-ओर-", "के-पास", "के-पास-", "को", "को-", "पास", "पास-", "से", "से-"]·ID["ke", "kepada", "kepada-"]·IT["a", "a-"]·jav["dhateng", "dhateng-", "dhumateng"]·KO["-에게", "~에게", "에", "에게", "에게-"]·PT["a", "a-", "para"]·RU["-", "[объект]", "в-", "к", "к-", "перед-"]·ES["a", "a-"]·SW["Yakobo", "hadi", "hadi-", "kwa", "kwa-", "kwake", "kwenye"]·TR["-", "-e", "-e-"]·urd["ایک", "سے", "پاس", "کو", "کے-پاس"]
1. a (destinatario, dativo) — Sentido direccional primario: 'a' o 'hacia' una persona, lugar o cosa. Con mas de 5.300 apariciones, domina la prosa hebrea. Genesis 1:9 reune las aguas 'a un solo lugar'. Acompana todo verbo de movimiento y discurso, marcando destino o destinatario. 3803×
AR["إِلَى", "إِلَى-", "لِ", "لِ-"]·ben["-", "-এর-কাছে", "-কাছে", "-কে", "কাছে-", "প্রতি", "প্রতি-"]·DE["auf", "dem-", "vor-", "zu", "zu-"]·EN["to", "to-"]·FR["à", "à-"]·heb["אל", "אל-"]·HI["-से", "की-ओर", "के-पास", "के-पास-", "को", "को-", "पास-", "में", "से", "से-"]·ID["ke", "kepada", "kepada-"]·IT["a", "a-"]·jav["dhateng", "dhateng-", "dhumateng"]·KO["-에게", "-으로", "~에게", "에", "에게", "에게-"]·PT["a", "a-", "para"]·RU["-", "[объект]", "в-", "к", "к-", "перед-"]·ES["a", "a-"]·SW["Yakobo", "kuhusu-", "kwa", "kwa-", "kwake", "kwenda-"]·TR["-", "-e", "-e-"]·urd["سے", "پاس", "پر", "کو", "کی-طرف", "کے-پاس"]
2. dentro de, al interior — Movimiento hacia un espacio cerrado o interior: 'dentro de' mas que simplemente 'hacia'. Deuteronomio 31:7 envia a Josue 'dentro de' la tierra que Dios prometio. El punto final espacial no es una superficie sino un interior. 92×
AR["إلى", "إلى-", "إِلَى", "إِلَى-", "عَلَى-", "فِي", "فِي-"]·ben["-কাছে", "-কে", "-তে", "-প্রতি-", "-মধ্যে", "কাছে-", "প্রতি", "বিরুদ্ধে-", "মধ্যে-"]·DE["in-zu-", "zu", "zu-"]·EN["at", "in-", "into", "into-", "to", "to-", "upon-"]·FR["vers", "à", "à-"]·heb["אל", "אל-"]·HI["अंदर", "को-", "में", "में-"]·ID["di-", "ke", "ke-", "ke-dalam-"]·IT["a", "a-", "verso"]·jav["dhateng", "dhateng-", "dhumateng-"]·KO["~에게", "~으로", "에-", "에게", "에게-", "으로"]·PT["a", "em", "em-", "na-", "no", "no-", "para", "para-", "sobre-"]·RU["в", "в-", "к", "на-"]·ES["a", "a-", "al", "en", "en-", "sobre"]·SW["katika", "katika-", "kwenye-"]·TR["-a-üzerine", "-e", "-e-içine", "a-", "içine-", "üzerine-"]·urd["-میں", "اِل", "میں", "میں-"]
Deut 11:29, Deut 31:7, Deut 31:20, Deut 31:21, Deut 31:23, Deut 32:52, Deut 33:28, Josh 4:5, 2 Sam 17:13, Neh 6:10, Neh 6:10, Neh 6:11 (+38 más)
2. a, hacia (movimiento) — Movimiento espacial hacia un punto, con matiz de aproximacion mas que de penetracion. Deuteronomio 31:7 envia a Josue 'hacia' la tierra prometida. La distincion entre direccion y entrada es sutil pero real en contexto narrativo. 1562×
AR["إلى", "إِلى-", "إِلَى", "إِلَى-", "إِلَى־"]·ben["-", "-এর-কাছে", "-কাছে", "-তে", "-দিকে", "কাছে-", "প্রতি", "প্রতি-"]·DE["an-", "in-", "zu", "zu-"]·EN["to", "to-"]·FR["à", "à-"]·heb["אל", "אל-"]·HI["-की-ओर", "की-ओर-", "के-पास-", "के-साम्हने-", "को", "पर", "पास", "बाहर", "में-", "से", "से-"]·ID["ke", "ke-", "ke-atas-", "ke-dalam", "kepada", "kepada-"]·IT["a", "a-"]·jav["dhateng", "dhateng-"]·KO["-에게", "~에게", "에", "에게", "에게-"]·PT["a", "a-", "ao", "diante-de-", "para"]·RU["в-", "до-", "к", "к-", "на-", "пред-"]·ES["a", "a-", "ante"]·SW["-", "hadi", "hadi-", "kwa", "kwa-", "kwenye", "kwenye-"]·TR["-", "-e", "-e-"]·urd["-سے-", "-کے-", "ایک", "تک-", "سے", "طرف-", "میں-", "پاس", "پر", "کی-طرف", "کے", "کے-", "کے-پاس"]
Gen 1:9, Gen 22:5, Gen 27:9, Gen 31:3, Gen 37:35, Exod 3:1, Exod 16:35, Exod 23:17, Exod 25:20, Exod 26:28, Exod 28:35, Exod 30:20 (+38 más)
3. sobre, encima de — Contacto o posicion sobre una superficie, o autoridad puesta sobre alguien: 'sobre, encima de'. Numeros 4:19 asigna a los levitas 'a' su servicio. 2 Samuel 2:9 coloca a Is-boset 'sobre' Galaad. En oraculos profeticos la preposicion desliza de 'hacia' a 'sobre/contra'. 24×
AR["وَ-إِلَى-", "وَعَلَى", "وَعَلَى-"]·ben["আর-উপরে", "আর-প্রতি-", "আর-বিরুদ্ধে-", "এবং--কে", "এবং-উপর-", "এবং-কাছে-", "এবং-তে-", "এবং-বিরুদ্ধে-", "ও-তে", "ও-প্রতি-", "ও-বিরুদ্ধে-", "ও-সম্বন্ধে"]·DE["und-auf", "und-auf-", "und-zu"]·EN["and-against-", "and-to-", "and-upon", "and-upon-"]·FR["et-sur", "et-sur-", "et-vers"]·heb["ו-אל", "ו-אל-"]·HI["और-की-ओर", "और-के-विरुद्ध-", "और-पर", "और-पर-"]·ID["dan-atas-", "dan-di", "dan-ke-", "dan-ke-atas", "dan-kepada", "dan-melawan-", "dan-terhadap", "dan-terhadap-"]·IT["e-a", "e-su", "e-su-"]·jav["lan-bab", "lan-dhateng", "lan-dhateng-", "lan-dhumateng", "lan-ing", "lan-nglawan-", "lan-tumrap-", "lan-wonten-ing-"]·KO["그리고--을-향하여", "그리고-에-", "그리고-에-대하여-", "그리고-에게", "그리고-에게-", "그리고-으로", "그리고-향하여-"]·PT["e-a", "e-contra", "e-contra-", "e-sobre", "e-sobre-"]·RU["и-на-", "и-против-", "опустошена", "осквернено"]·ES["y-a", "y-contra", "y-contra-", "y-sobre", "y-sobre-"]·SW["na-dhidi-ya", "na-juu-ya", "na-kwa-"]·TR["ve-", "ve--e", "ve--e-", "ve-aleyhine-", "ve-karşı", "ve-üzerinde", "ve-üzerine", "ve-üzerine-"]·urd["اور-قوم-پر-", "اور-پر", "اور-کی-طرف", "اور-کے-خلاف", "اور-کے-خلاف-"]
4. contra, en oposicion — Orientacion hostil o adversativa: 'contra'. Genesis 4:8 presenta a Cain levantandose 'contra' su hermano Abel. Deuteronomio 28:7 promete que los enemigos que se levanten 'contra' Israel seran derrotados. El nucleo direccional adquiere un matiz adversativo por el contexto. 17×
AR["إلى", "إِلَيهِم", "إِلَيْكَ", "إِلَيْهِ", "عَلَى-", "عَلَيْكَ", "عَلَيْكِ", "عَلَيْهِمْ"]·ben["-এর-বিরুদ্ধে", "-তাতে", "-বিরুদ্ধে-", "তাদের-বিরুদ্ধে", "তোমার-উপর", "তোমার-কাছে", "তোমার-দিকে", "তোমার-বিরুদ্ধে"]·DE["gegen-", "gegen-du", "zu", "zu-dir", "zu-du", "zu-ihm"]·EN["against-", "against-them", "against-you", "am-against-you", "into-it", "to-you", "you"]·FR["contre-", "contre-toi", "vers", "vers-toi", "à-tu"]·heb["אל", "אל-ו", "אל-ם", "אלייך", "אליך"]·HI["उनके-विरुद्ध", "उसमें", "के-विरुद्ध", "के-विरुद्ध-तेरे", "तुझ-को", "तुझ-पर", "तुझे", "तेरे-पास", "तेरे-विरुद्ध", "तेरे-साथ", "पर-तुझे", "पास-"]·ID["engkau", "ke-dalamnya", "kepada-mu", "kepadamu", "melawan-mereka", "melawan-mu", "melawanmu", "terhadap", "terhadap-", "terhadap-mereka", "terhadapmu"]·IT["a", "a-te", "a-tu", "contro-", "contro-di-te", "verso"]·jav["dhateng", "dhateng-panjenengan", "dhateng-panjenengan,", "dhateng-piyambakipun", "dhateng-punika", "lawan-panjenengan", "nglawan-kowé", "nglawan-panjenengan", "nglawan-tiyang-punika"]·KO["~에-대하여", "그들에게", "너-에게", "너를-대적하여", "너를-치리라", "너를-향하여", "너에게", "네-에게로", "당신-을", "에", "에게-그것", "에게-그들"]·PT["a-eles", "a-ti", "contra", "contra-", "contra-eles", "contra-ti", "nela", "nenhum", "para-ti"]·RU["Я", "в-него", "к-тебе", "на", "на-", "на-них", "на-тебя", "против-них", "против-тебя", "с-тобой"]·ES["a-ti", "contra-", "contra-ellos", "contra-ti", "contra-ti,", "en-ella", "sobre-ti"]·SW["dhidi-ya", "dhidi-yako", "dhidi-yao", "juu-yako", "kwako", "nawe", "ndani-yake", "wewe"]·TR["-e", "-e-sana", "e-sana", "içine", "karşılarına", "onlara-karşı", "sana", "sana-karşı", "sana-karşıyım", "üzerine"]·urd["اس-میں", "اُن-کے-خلاف", "تجھ-سے", "تجھ-پر", "تجھ-کو", "تیرے-خلاف", "تیرے-خلاف-ہوں", "تیرے-پاس", "سے-", "پر"]
Gen 4:8, Deut 28:7, 1 Kgs 21:21, 2 Kgs 3:14, 1 Chr 19:17, 2 Chr 14:9, Neh 2:8, Neh 5:1, Ps 91:10, Jer 15:20, Jer 21:13, Jer 51:25 (+5 más)
5. por, acerca de — Proposito, beneficio o referencia: 'por, acerca de'. 1 Samuel 1:27 habla de orar 'por' este nino. 1 Samuel 15:35 registra el duelo de Samuel 'por' Saul. La metafora direccional se extiende: la atencion del hablante se dirige 'hacia' un tema o causa. 10×
AR["إلى", "إِلَيَّ", "إِلَيْهِ", "عَلَى-", "عَلَيْهِ", "مَعَهُ", "مِنْ-أَجْلِ-"]·ben["-জন্য", "আমার-জন্য", "এর-দিকে", "তার-সম্বন্ধে", "তার-সাথে", "প্রতি-"]·DE["fuer-", "ueber", "zu"]·EN["against-him", "against-it", "for-", "for-me", "over", "with-him"]·FR["au-dessus", "mon-Dieu", "pour-", "vers-lui"]·heb["אל", "אל-", "אלי", "אליו"]·HI["אל-", "उस-पर", "उसके-विषय-में", "उसके-साथ", "एल-", "के-लिये-", "को-", "मेरे-लिए"]·ID["Untuk-", "atas-", "bagiku", "dengannya", "kepadanya", "tentang", "tentang-", "tentangnya", "untuk-"]·IT["a", "a-me", "per-", "sopra"]·jav["bab-", "bab-piyambakipun", "dhateng-", "dhateng-piyambak-ipun", "kaliyan-piyambak-ipun", "kangge", "kanggé-kula"]·KO["-위해", "-을-위해", "그에-대해", "그에게", "나-를-향하여", "에-", "에-대하여", "에-대해-"]·PT["a-", "com-ele", "contra-ele", "para", "por", "por-", "por-mim", "sobre", "sobre-ele"]·RU["за-", "к-", "ко-мне", "о-", "о-нём", "против-него", "с-ним"]·ES["Por", "a-mí", "con-él", "contra-él", "por", "por-"]·SW["habari-zake", "kwa-", "kwa-ajili-ya", "kwa-ajili-ya-", "kwa-sababu-ya", "kwangu", "naye", "yeye"]·TR["-a", "-e", "-için", "bana-", "e-", "ona", "onu", "onunla"]·urd["اُس-پر", "اُس-کے-بارے-میں", "اُس-کے-ساتھ", "میری-خاطر", "پر", "کی-طرف-", "کے-بارے-", "کے-لیے"]
6. con, entre — Compania o proximidad: 'con, entre, junto a'. Numeros 23:4,16 describen a Dios encontrandose 'con' Balaam. Josue 11:19 senala que ninguna ciudad hizo paz 'con' Israel. La preposicion marca no solo movimiento hacia sino llegada y permanencia junto a alguien. 6×
AR["-", "×", "إِلَى-", "مَعَ-"]·ben["কাছে-", "প্রতি-", "সঙ্গে-", "সাথে-"]·DE["-", "mit-", "unter-", "zu"]·EN["-", "among-", "with-"]·FR["-", "avec-", "parmi-", "vers"]·heb["אל", "אל-"]·HI["एल-", "की-ओर-", "साथ", "साथ-", "से"]·ID["bersama-", "dengan", "dengan-"]·IT["-", "a", "con-", "fra-"]·jav["dhateng", "dhateng-", "dhumateng-", "kaliyan"]·KO["에게", "에게-"]·PT["(a)", "com", "junto-a"]·RU["вместе-с", "с-"]·ES["con", "con-", "entre"]·SW["na-", "pamoja-na"]·TR["-e", "-ile", "-le", "e-", "ile-"]·urd["ساتھ", "سے", "سے-", "کے-ساتھ-"]
7. ante, delante de — Sentido raro atestiguado una vez en el Salmo 84:7, donde el texto masoretico ubica la preposicion de manera inusual. La evidencia multilingue diverge: 'ante', 'delante de'. Sugiere comparecer en la presencia de Dios, posiblemente un uso liturgico de avanzar 'hacia' Dios hasta estar 'ante' el en Sion. 1×
AR["عِنْدَ-"]·ben["প্রতি-"]·DE["vor-zu"]·EN["before"]·FR["vers"]·heb["אל"]·HI["-को"]·ID["kepada"]·IT["a"]·jav["ing-ngarsaning"]·KO["~에게"]·PT["diante"]·RU["к-"]·ES["ante-"]·SW["mbele-ya"]·TR["-e"]·urd["اِل"]
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
אֵל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), poet. אֱלֵי (cf. עֲלֵי, עֲדֵי), but only in Job (†3:22; 5:26; 15:22; 29:19), with suff. אֵלַי, אֵלֶיךָ, אֵלַיִךְ, etc. אֵלֵינוּ, אֲלֵיכֶם & (5 textual) אֲלֵכֶם, אֲלֵיהֶם & אֲלֵהֶם (both very often), once אֵלֵימוֹ ψ 2:5, אֲלֵיהֶן, once אֲלֵהֶן Ex 1:19 (Ar. إِلَى ), prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental). 1. of motion to…