1. grass, green vegetation — The primary sense of chortos as living green vegetation growing from the ground, encompassing grass, herbage, and sprouting stalks. Used in contexts of natural growth (Matt 6:30, Luke 12:28 — God clothes the grass of the field), agricultural imagery (Mark 4:28 — the earth produces first the stalk/blade), seating on grass (Matt 14:19, Mark 6:39, John 6:10), and metaphors for human transience (Jas 1:10-11, 1 Pet 1:24 — all flesh is like grass). Also includes Revelation's references to grass as part of creation (Rev 8:7, 9:4). Multilingual glosses are remarkably uniform: Arabic 'ushb,' Hebrew 'esev/deshe,' German 'Gras,' Spanish 'hierba,' Korean 'pul,' Hindi 'ghas,' French 'herbe.' The Mark 4:28 'stalk' and genitive 'of grass' occurrences describe the same vegetation in different syntactic frames. 14×
AR["العُشبَ","العُشبُ","العُشبِ","العُشْبَ","العُشْبِ","عُشبٍ","عُشبَ","عُشبُ","عُشْبًا","عُشْبٌ","عُشْبٍ","عُشْبَ"]·ben["ঘাস","ঘাস,","ঘাসকে","ঘাসে","ঘাসের","চারা"]·DE["Gras","χόρτον","χόρτος","χόρτου"]·EN["grass","of-grass","stalk"]·FR["herbe"]·heb["דֶּשֶׁא","עֵשֶׂב"]·HI["घअस","घस","घास","घास-का","घास-को"]·ID["rumput","rumput,","tanaman"]·IT["erba"]·jav["saking-suket,","saking-suket.","suket","suket,","suket.","tetanduran,"]·KO["잔디에","풀","풀-의,","풀.","풀은","풀을","풀을,","풀의","풀이","풀이요"]·PT["da-erva","da-erva.","erva","erva,","relva"]·RU["зелень","трава","трава,","траве","траву","траву,","травы,","травы."]·ES["de-hierba","hierba"]·SW["jani,","la-majani","mabichi","majani","mimea","nyasi"]·TR["ekin","ot","otu","otun","otuna","otunu","sap,","yeşil-otlar","çimen-üzerinde"]·urd["بہت","گھاس","گھاس-پر","گھاس-کا۔","گھاس،","گھاس٬"]
Matt 6:30, Matt 13:26, Matt 14:19, Mark 4:28, Mark 6:39, Luke 12:28, John 6:10, Jas 1:10, Jas 1:11, 1 Pet 1:24, 1 Pet 1:24, 1 Pet 1:24 (+2 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. hay, dried grass — A distinct sense of chortos as dried grass or hay, used metaphorically in 1 Corinthians 3:12 as one of the perishable building materials (along with wood and straw) that will not survive the eschatological fire, contrasted with gold, silver, and precious stones. The multilingual evidence confirms a semantic shift: Arabic 'hashishan' (dried grass/hay) rather than 'ushb' (green herbage), Spanish 'heno' (hay) rather than 'hierba' (grass/herb), Korean 'geoncho' (dried grass) rather than 'pul' (grass), and Hebrew 'chatsir' (hay/dried grass) rather than 'esev' (green vegetation). This distinction between living green growth and harvested/dried plant material is lexicographically significant. 1×
AR["حَشيشاً"]·ben["খড়,"]·DE["Gras"]·EN["hay"]·FR["herbe"]·heb["חָצִיר"]·HI["घास"]·ID["rumput"]·IT["erba"]·jav["rumput,"]·KO["건초"]·PT["feno"]·RU["сено"]·ES["heno"]·SW["majani,"]·TR["sap"]·urd["گھاس"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
χόρτος, ὁ, properly enclosed place (see. entry near the end), but always with collateral notion of a feeding-place: in Refs 8th c.BC+, farmyard, in which the cattle were kept, αὐλῆς ἐν χόρτῳ Refs __2 generally, any feeding-ground, pasturage, frequently in plural, χόρτοι λέοντος, of Nemea, Refs 5th c.BC+; χόρτος οὐρανοῦ the expanse of heaven, poetical cited in Refs 5th c.AD+ __II fodder,…