Titus 1:10 identifies many as φρεναπάται—mind-deceivers, particularly those from the circumcision party who were disrupting whole households with false teaching. The compound noun (φρήν = mind + ἀπάτης = deceiver) names those who specialize in leading minds astray. Unlike self-deceivers (G5422), these deceive others, weaponizing false reasoning to corrupt understanding. Paul links them with 'empty talkers,' suggesting their persuasive words lack substance. The multilingual evidence (mind-deceivers, engañadores, Betrüger) preserves the intellectual dimension: these aren't merely liars but those who corrupt thinking itself.