τῑμωρ-ία G5098
punishment, vengeance; retributive justice or penalty
This noun means punishment or vengeance, emphasizing retributive justice rather than corrective discipline. In Hebrews 10:29, it appears in the warning: 'How much worse punishment do you think will be deserved by those who have trampled the Son of God?' The term stresses the severity of judgment for those who despise grace. Classical usage distinguished this from corrective punishment—this is penalty exacted for wrong done. Spanish 'castigo' and French 'châtiment' both convey punitive justice. This is deserved retribution, not rehabilitative discipline.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Found in Heb 10:29 describing the severe punishment awaiting those who reject Christ: 'How much worse punishment will be deserved by one who has trampled the Son of God?' The rhetorical question emphasizes the proportionate severity—if Mosaic law-breakers died, how much greater the punishment for spurning the greater covenant? Cross-linguistic evidence ('punishment,' 'castigo,' 'châtiment') confirms the retributive, judicial character of coming judgment. 1×
AR["عِقَاب"]·ben["শাস্তির"]·DE["Strafe"]·EN["punishment"]·FR["châtiment"]·heb["עֹנֶשׁ"]·HI["दंड,"]·ID["hukuman,"]·IT["timōrias"]·jav["paukuman"]·KO["형벌로"]·PT["de-castigo"]·RU["наказания"]·ES["castigo"]·SW["adhabu"]·TR["cezaya"]·urd["سزا-کا-مستحق"]
Related Senses
H2896a 1. good (quality or moral) (305×)H7563 1. wicked person (259×)H7451c 1. moral evil or wickedness (234×)H5771 1. iniquity, sin, wrongdoing (222×)H6662 1. righteous person (substantive) (195×)G0266 1. sin, failure, transgression (173×)H2403b 1. sin, transgression (170×)H2617a 1. Covenant faithfulness, steadfast love (167×)H2398 1. Qal: to sin, commit sin (165×)H6666 1. righteousness, moral uprightness (145×)G5485 1. grace, divine favor (141×)H7451a 1. morally evil, wicked (129×)H2403b 2. sin-offering, sacrifice for sin (120×)G2570 1. good, right, excellent (98×)H6588 1. transgression, offense against God (88×)G0018 1. good (moral quality) (85×)H2896b 1. good, what is good (85×)H7451b 1. evil, wickedness (moral) (83×)H7451a 2. evil, harm, calamity (80×)G1342 1. righteous, upright (of persons) (70×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
τῑμωρ-ία, Ionic -ίη, ἡ, retribution, vengeance (differing from κόλασις, corrective punishment, NT+5th c.BC+; πατρὸς τ. vengeance taken for him, Refs 5th c.BC+; μητρὸς αἵματος τιμωρίαι for having shed a mother's blood, Refs; ἐπὶ τῇ ἡμετέρᾳ τ. for the purpose of punishing us, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ κατὰ τῶν προδιδόντων τ. vengeance against or upon.., Refs 5th c.BC+ execute vengeance, Refs 4th c.BC+;…